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Cornell University Library
F 497.C9J66

History of Cuyahoga County, Ohio.With po

3 1924 010 461 790

FifjstCouf^ House and Jail.
Erected IN i8i2.torn down i830. ( di^awn by Wm Wate(^mai

Second Coukt House.
S IV Corner Monumental SQUAfjE. EfjECTED laga. removed in lese .

Third Court house

BUILT 1858.

Fourth Court House.

" FROM OfiiGiNAL Design " Com M ENCED 1875. f Unfinished, j

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-OF-

CUYAHOGA COUNTY,

OHIO.

PART FIRST.— GENERAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY.
PART SECOND.-HISTORY OF CLEVELAND.

PART THIRD.-HISTORY OF THE TOWNSHIPS.

liiith IJorioits and |||i0gra||likal ^Itdirli^^

COMPILED BY CRISFIELD JOHNSON.

PUBLISHED BY D. W. ENSIGN & CO.

»i I

PRESS OF LEADER PRINTING COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO.

CONTENTS.

I3:iSTOI?.IC!^L-

HISTOEY OF OUTAHOGA COUNTY.

II.

III.

IV.

VI,

VII.

VIII.

IX.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII,

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI,
XXII.-

XXIII.
XXIV.

XXV,

XXVI.-

XXVII,

XXVIII.

XXIX.

XXX.— (

XXXI.

XXXII.

XXXIII,

XXXIV,

XXXV.-

XXXVI.-

XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

XL.-

XLI.-

XLII.-

XLIII.-

PART FIRST,

General History of the County.

PAGE

— The Situation in 1626 13

— ^Prehlstorio Speculations . . 15

. — The Bries and their Destruction . . 17

— Disputed Dominion ... 20

, — English Dominion 24

,— The Period from 1783 to 1794 . ,S0

— Sale and Survey ... 36

—The Period from 1798 to 1800 . . 44

—The Period from ISOl to 1806 . . 47

—The Period from 1807 to 1812 . 53

,— The War of 1812 .... 58
— From the War to the Canal ... .63

— Progress, Inflation, and " Hard Times" 70

—The Period from 1840 to 1861 . . 74

— During and since the War .... 80

— First and Fifth Infantry ... 83

— Seventh Infantry 85

-Eighth, Fourteenth, and Seventeenth Infantry . 94

-The Twenty-third Infantry 96

-Twenty-fourth, Twenty-seventh, and Thirty-sev-
enth Infantry, etc 101

■Forty-first Infantry 106

Forty-second, Forty-third, and Fifty-second In-
fantry 115

-Fifty-fourth, Fifty-eighth, and Sixtieth Infantry 117
■Sixty-first, Sixty-fifth, and Sixty-seventh In-
fantry 121

-Eighty-fourth, Eighty-sixth, and Eighty-seventh

Infantry, etc. ....... 126

■One Hundred and Third Infantry, etc. . . 128

■One Hundred and Seventh- Infantry, etc. . 136

-One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Infantry . . 139
One Hundred and Twenty-fifth and One Hundred

and Twenty- eighth Infantry .... 146

■One Hundred and Twenty-ninth and One Hundred

and Fiftieth Infantry . . . 151

-The One-Year Infantry Regiments . 153

-The Sharpshooters . . 161

-Second and Sixth Cavalry, etc. . 163

-Tenth and Twelfth Cavalry . 170

First Light Artillery, etc. . . . 174

•The Independent Batteries, etc. 181
■The Press .... .188

■Colleges .... .202

-Various Societies, etc. . . 204

■The National Guard, etc. . . 207

■Census Notes . . . 210

Cuyahoga County Civil List . 210

Geology .... . . 214

CHAPTER

XLIV.-

XLV.-

XLVI.-

XLVII.-

XLVIII.-

XLIX.-

L.-

LI.-

LII.-

LIII.-

LIV.-

LV.-

LVI.-

LVII.-

LVIIL-

LIX.-

LX.-

LXL-

LXII.-

LXIII.-

LXIV.-

LXV.-

LXVI.-

LXVIL-

LXVIir.-

LXIX.-

LXX.-

.LXXL-

LXXII.-

LXXIII.-

LXXIV.-

LXXV.-

LXXVL-

LXXVII.-

LXXVIIL-

LXXIX.-

LXXX.-

LXXXI.-

LXXXII.-

LXXXIIL-

LXXXIV.-

LXXXV.-

LXXXVL-

LXXXVIL-

PART SECOND.

The City of Cleveland.

-The First Four Tears .
-The Village from 1800 to 1815
-The Village from 1815 to 1825
-From 1825 to the City Charter
-An Outline of Later Tears .
-Protestant Episcopal Churches
-The Methodist Churches
-The Presbyterian Churches .
-The Saptist and Disciple Churches
-Roman Catholic Churches, etc.
-The Congregational Churches
-Evangelical and other Churches .
-Benevolent Institutions

-The Masons

-Odd-Fellows and Knights of Pythias .
-Foresters, Enights of Honor, and Clubs
-Board of Trade, Banks, etc. .
-Miscellaneous'Departments and Institutions
-Manufactures
-Schools and Libraries
-The Cleveland Bar
-Cleveland Civil List
-Biographical Sketches

(continued)

FART THIRD.

The Townships.

-Bedford .
-Brecksville .
-Brooklyn
■Chagrin Falls .
-Dover .
-East Cleveland
-Euclid .
-Independence
-Maytield
-Middleburg .
-Newburg
-Olmstead
-Orange
-Parma .
-Rockport
-Royalton
-Solon .
-Strongsvillo .
-Warrensville .

PAGE

223
229
23«
240
242
245
250
255
259
263
268
272
278
285
289
293
297
301
306
310
317
321
327
348
374

403
411
416
425
435
443
452
460
466
471
481
484
491
497
501
510
515
520
528

B I O C3- 1^ J^ 1= S: I O -A- L.

John W. Allen .
Sherlock J. Andrews
William W. Armstrong
Elbert Irving Baldwin
Melancthon Barnett
Geol'ge A. Benedict
Hamilton Fisk Bigga)
William Bowler .
Alva Bradley
Francis Branch .
Gaius Burk
Stevenson Burke

PAGE

FAGR

. 327

Leonard Case

. 336

. 327

Selah Chamberlain

. 337

. 329

Henry Chisholm

. 337

. 329

William Chisholm

338

. 330

Ahira Cobb

3.38

. 330

James M. Coffinberry .

. 340

. 331

William Collins .

. Ul

. 332

Edwin Weed Cowles

. 342

. 333

Edwin Cowles .

343

. 334

Samuel Cowles .

. 346

. 334

D. W. Cross ....

. 346

. 335

John Crowell . . . .

. 346

CONTENTS.

■bxog:ei,j^'fti.xgj^Xj.

Jolin Henry Devereux
William H. Doan
Daniel P. Bells .
Sylvester T. Everett .
James Farmer
Seneca 0. Griswold
Edwin B. Hale .
Truman ^P. Handy
Benjamin Harrington
Henry J. Herrick
Kensselaer R. Herrick
Orlando J. Hodge
Geo. William Howe .
James M. Hoyt .
Hinman B. Hurlbut .
John Hutchins .
Levi Johnson
Alfred Kelley
Thomas M. Kelley
Charles Gregory King
Zenas King
Jared Potter Kirtland
David Long
Robert F. Paine
Richard C. Parsons
Henry B. Payne
Frederick William Pelton
Jacob Perkins
Nathan Perry
Houston H. Poppleton
Thomas Quayle .
Daniel P. Rhodes
Ansel Roberts
John P. Robison
William G. Rose
James Henry Salisbury
John C. Sanders

348
350
351
352
353
354
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
363
364
365
366
366
367
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
373
374
375
377
378
379
379
381

William Johnson Scott
Elias Sims . . .
Abraham D. Slaght ,
Amasa Stone
Andros B. Stone
Worthy S. Streator .
Peter Thatcher .
Amos Townsend .'
Oscar Townsend .
Jephtha H. Wade
Samuel Williamson
Hiram V. Willson
Rufus King Winslow
Reuben Wood
Timothy Doane Crocker
Rufus P. Ranney
Theodore Breck .
Moses Hunt
Moses Mathews .
Isaiah W. Fish .
Martin Kellogg .
Abel S. Hinckley
Harvey W. Curtiss
L. G. Porter
John Doane
Col. Ezra Eddy
Frederick Willson
John Baldwin
Henry Parker
A. P. Knowlton .
David Johnson Stearns
Amos Boynton .
John P. Spencer .
Lewis Nicholson .
Israel D. Wagar .
Alanson Pomeroy

PAGE

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

392

393

394

395

397

facing

410
412

414

416

'•

422

424

434

facing

440
450

facing

468
470

facing

472
476

478

491

495

facing

504
506

509

527

iXjXjTJSTE>^a?ioisrs.

Cuyahoga County Court-Houses {Frontispiece)
Outline Map of Cuyahoga County
Portrait of Nathan Perry (steel)

H. V. Willson
" John Crowell

" S. J. Andrews

" R. P. Ranney

" H. B. Payne

" Stevenson Burke (steel)

" William Collins "

Geo. A. Benedict "
" R. C. Parsons "

" Edwin Cowles "

" Edwin W. Cowles "

" Jacob Perkins "

J. P. Robison "

" Amos Townsend "

W. S. Streator "

Geological Map of Cuyahoga County .
Portrait of John Hutchins (steel)
Profile Section Across the Cuyahoga Valley
Portrait of Gen. Moses Cleaveland
" S. Williamson (steel)

" B. Harrington "

" S. Chamberlain "

" Z. King "

" H. B. Hurlbut "

" James Farmer "

J. H. Wade "

" llanl P. Eells '•

W. H. Doan '•
" Peter Thatcher (steel)

T. P. Handy "

" E. B. Hale "

" S. T. Everett "

D. P. Rhodes
'■ A. B. Stone "

" William Chisholm (steel)

" Henry Chisholm

" A, Stone

" J. M. Coffinherry

" James M. Hoyt

F. W. Pelton

Wm. G. Rose

PAOE

PAGE

facing title.

Portrait of R. R. Herrick (steel)

faoinff

326

" E. I. Baldwin "

328

" H. F. Biggar "

330

" William Bowler "

332

A. Bradley

334

A. Cobb

338

D. W. Cross

344

' J. H. Devereux "

348

" ■ 78

S. 0. Griswold "

354

" 82

" H. J. Herrick "

356

188

'• George W. Howe "

360

192

C. G. King "

366

between 194, 195

R. F. Paine ....

368

194,195

H. H. Poppleton (steel)

372

facing 202

" Thomas Quayle "

374

206

'' Ansel Roberts "

376

210

" 3. H. Salisbury "

378

212

" J. C. Sanders "

380

214

Elias Sims "

382

216

A. D. Slaght

384

. 217

•' Francis Branch "

384

facing 223

Oscar Townsend "

■ 1

388

" 236

T. D. Crocker

[ _ .<

396

240

S. V. HarknesB

400

244

" Theodore Breck

410

246

" Moses Hunt .

• « „

412

256

" Moses Mathews

414

276

" Isaiah W. Pish

416

280

" Martin Kellogg

422

282

" Abel S. Hinckley .

425

284

H. W. Curtiss (steel)

facing

434

" 288

L. G. Porter .

440

296

" John Doane (steel)

450

298

Col. Ezra Eddy

468

300

Frederick Willson (steel)

470

" 304

" John Baldwin .

472

306

" Henry Parker ....

476

between 308, 309

'• A. P. Knowlton

478

308, 309

" Gains Burke ....

482

facing 310

" David J. Stearns

491

" 316

" John P. Spencer

facing

504

" 320

Lewis Nicholson .

506

322

Israel D. Wagar (steel) .

508

324

" Alanson Pomeroy .

526

INTRODUCTION.

npHE subject of our history comprises the present
-*- territory of the county of Cuyahoga and the
acts of the inhabitants of that territory. Everything
lying beyond those limits will receive only such men-
tion as may be necessary to show the connection of
the chain of events.

The work is naturally divided into three portions.
The first consists of a general history of the county,
comprising a connected chronological record of the
principal events from the earliest accounts down to
the year 1879; followed by some statistical matter,
by condensed histories of the principal regiments and
batteries containing Cuyahoga county soldiers in the
War for the Union, and by sketches of various organ-
izations which pertain to the county at large, but an
account of which cannot well be incorporated in the
continuous record.

The second part is composed of a history of the
city of Cleveland constructed on the same plan; that
is, with a general account of the city's magnificent
progress from its first permanent settlement by the
whites to the present time, accompanied with separate
sketches of the various churches, societies, and other
prominent institutions within its present corporate
limits.

The third part will be occupied by histories of all
the townships in the county; each being arranged on
the same plan as that of the city, though necessarily
occupying far less space, and the first settlement by
the whites being taken as the starting point in each.

Interspersed among these city and township histo-
ries will be found numerous portraits of citizens of
the county, accompanied by biographical sketches,
together with illustrations of buildings and natural
scenery.

The earlier portion of the general history of the
county is necessarily derived entirely from books,
while for the later part contributions have also been
levied on newspapers, manuscript records and per-
sonal reminiscences. For the city and township
histories we have depended principally on the three
last named sources of information, it being seldom
that we find crystalized in books the facts occurring
during the present century, to which those minor
histories principally relate.

In regard to early history, we are under especial
obligations to Colonel Cliarles Whittlesey's "Early
History of Cleveland." As Colonel Whittlesey has
gone over the same ground, many of the facts nar-
rated by us relating to the title and survey of tlie
Western Reserve, and the first settlement of the
county, are also mentioned by him, although we have
consulted many other authorities and original manu-
scripts, and some surviving residents of the county
previous to the war of 1812, and have added consid-
erable to the stores contained in the Colonel's valuable
repository. The arrangement, the language and the
conclusions are entirely our own.

We also beg leave to acknowledge our obligations
to the following volumes, which we have had oc-
casion to consult during the progress of our work:
Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio; Parkman's
Conspiracy of Pontiac; Parkman's Jesuits in North
America; Parkman's Discovery of the Northwest;
Bancroft's History of the Upited States; Bouquets'
Expedition against the Ohio Indians; Crawford's
Campaign against the Indians of Sandusky; Lossing's
Field Book of the War of 1812; Eeid's Ohio in the
War; Joblin's Cleveland Past and Present; Freese's
Early History of Cleveland Schools; Higher Educa-

(9)

INTEODUCTION.

tioual Institutions of Ohio; Kilbourn's History of the
Ohio Canals; Payne's Cleveland Illustrated; Hayden's
History of the Disciples in the Western Eeserve;
Wood's Kecord of the Seventh Ohio Infantry; Hayes'
Journal-History of the One Hundred and Third Ohio
Volunteers; Mason's Record of the Twelfth Ohio
Cavalry; Trade's Annuals of the Nineteenth Ohio
Battery; Our Acre and its Harvests, by Mary Clark
Brayton and Ellen F. Terry, etc., etc. We have paid
especial attention to the military record of the county
in the War for the Union, and believe we have made
it as complete as was practicable in the space we were
able to devote to it.

We also desire to express our especial obligations to
the officers of the Western Reserve Historical Society
for the ample opportunities afforded us of consulting
the valuable library, newspaper files and manuscripts
of that institution. Our acknowledgements are also
due the librarians of the City Library and the Cleve-
land Library Association for similar favors. The
ladies and gentlemen who have favored us with per-
sonal reminiscences bearing upon our subject are so
numerous that it is almost impossible to do more than
express our obligations to them en masse. We shall
endeavor, however, to mention the more important
contributions in connection with the various portions
of the work in which they have been used.

It is needless to say to any sensible person that in a
work of this magnitude, and of such multiplicity of

details, there must be some errors. Especially is this
to be feared in a county of such rapid development
as Cuyahoga — in a city of such marvelous growtli as
Cleveland. Where civilization has charged through
the wilderness at a "double quick;'" where the bears
of the forest still lingered after the bears of the stock
exchange had begun to growl; where lawyers have had
to fight with wolves and doctors have sometimes been
confronted by panthers; where the Indian trail of
three fourths of a century ago is replaced by a street
which is proudly claimed to be the finest in the world,
there has been little time to make a record of these
kaleidoscopic changes. Nay, the memory of surviv-
ing witnesses may well be sometimes at fault, confused
by the swift succession of events — by a growth of
county and city unequaled outside of America, and
rarely matched even in our wonder-working country.
But we have taken great pains to secure accuracy,
and we believe we have succeeded so far as success is
possible in a work of this nature. As for the manner
in which this mass of local information has been
arranged and presented, we must leave it to the judg-
ment of our readers. Those readers we now invite
to ascend with us the stream of Time for two hun-
dred arid fifty years, in a single instant, preparatory
to taking their places in the ship " History," and sail-
ing slowly down the mighty river, noting year after
year, decade after decade, century after century, the
marvelous changes takingplace on its teeming shores.

';iisTORY OF Cuyahoga County,

PART FIRST:

GENERAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY,

Outline Map of

CUYAHOGA Co.

OHIO

Scak-iFCveMiksto xxn, Inch

M ED I /( N A

i Co

^^.|-|z:^.

General History of Cuyahoga County,

CHAPTER I.

THE SITUATION IN 1626.

First Information— The Neuter Nation— Tlie Eries— Their Connection
With the Iroquois— Their Location— Open Ground to the South-
Neighbors on the West— Slight Knowledge of the Eries- Genera^
Character of the Indians— Meager Authority of Sachems and Chiefs
—Absence of Property and of Jealousy — Forest and Game.

The first definite knowledge regarding the occu-
pants of the sonth shore of Lake Erie datesfrom the
year 1626, when Father La Roche Dailloii, a "Recol-
let" missionary, preached among the Attiwandar-
onks, more commonly known as the Kahquahs, called
by the French the Neuter Nation. This peculiar
tribe was principally located in the Canadian penin-
sula on the north shore of Lake Erie, having, how-
ever, several outlying villages on the east side of the
Niagara, and extending a short distance from Buffalo
up the southeastern side of the lake.

Before going farther, we may note that at the time
our story begins, the French had been for twenty-
three years established on the shores of the St.
Lawrence, the Dutch were already located at the
mouth of the Hudson, while the Pilgrim Fathers had
for six years been sternly battling with want, and
hardship, and danger, on the rock-boiuid shores of
New England. The position of the French on the
St. Lawrence gave them a great advantage in prose-
cuting discoveries and establishing posts along the
great lakes, and that adventurous people were well
disposed to make the fullest possible use of their
opportunities.

From the information obtained by Father Daillon
during his sojourn among the Neuter Nation, eked
out by occasional reports from straggling French
hunters and Iroquois chiefs, it appears that at that
time all the southern shore of the lake, from the
mouth of Cattaraugus creek, in New York, to the
vicinity of Sandusky bay, was occupied by a powerful
tribe of Indians, called Erie or Erickronons (people
of Erie) and known by the French as the Nation of
the Gat. It is not exactly certain that " Brie " meant
"cat" in the Indian language, but such is believed
to be the case. Some writers have claimed that the
Eries and Neuters were the same nation, but the
weight of evidence is decidedly in favor of ^ their sep-
arate existence, and the powerful authority of Park-^

man ("Jesuits of North America," p. 44) is on the.
same side.

Little is known of the Eries save that they were a
powerful tribe, of kindred blood witli the celebrated
Iroquois, or Five Nations, and speaking a dialect of
the same language. In fact, according to the most
profound students of Indianology (if we may be al-
lowed to coin a convenient word) the Iroquois, the
Neuter Nation, the Eries and the Ilurons were all
parts of one aboriginal stock, while around them, on.
the north, the east and the south were various branches
of the still larger Alrjonqidn race. Tradition asserts
that at one time the authority of the Eries extended
as far east as the Genesee river in Now York, which
was the boundary between them and the fierce Sene-
cas, the westernmost nation of the Iroquois confeder-
acy. Their villages, however, were on the shore of
the lake which bears their name, and as near as can
be ascertained, their princij)al seats stretched from
the vicinity of the present city of Brie to that of
Cleveland.

To the southward there was a vast opr i space, al-
ternately the hunting ground and the battlefield of
rival tribes, over whicli the Eries could range with
more or less difiiculty, to the confines of the Choctaws
and Cherokees. On the west and northwest were the
lands of the powerful Otfatvas, Pottaivattomies, Lhip-
pewas and Miamis. It will be understood that the
word "powerful" is used in a relative sense, meaning
powerful for a tribe of Indians. The Senecas, the
strongest of the Five Nations, had but about a thou-
sand wari'iors, and it is not probable that either of the
western tribes, including the Eries, had more than
that number.

Less is known of the Eries than of most other In-
dian tribes, for during the middle part of the seven-
teenth century the French missionaries and fur-traders
were generally deterred by the enmity of the Iroquois
from taking the route to the West by way of Lake
Erie, and ere that route was opened to European,
travel the Erie nation was blotted out of existence,,
as will hereafter be described. From the slight ac-
counts which have reached us, however, it is evident
that they did not differ materially from the other In-
dian tribes which surrounded them, and whose char-
acteristics are so well known to Americans.

(13)

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Fierce, cruel and intractable, the men spent their
time in hunting and fighting, while the women not
only performed their domestic labors, but bore all
burdens when attending their masters, and planted,
tended and gathered the maize, the pumpkins and
the beans, which were the principal vegetable food of
the tribe. Slight indeed were the bonds of govern-
ment imposed on these most democratic of republic-
ans. A few of the elder men were known as sachems,
a position rather of honor than of power, though they
exercised a gentle authority in maintaining order at
home, and determined whether there should be peace
or war with neighboring tribes.

In war, the leadership of the tribe devolved on
younger men, called war-chiefs, but even these had
no authority resembling that exercised by the officers
of a civilized army. War being once declared, any
ambitious chief could raise a party of volunteers to
go on a raid against the enemy. They usually fol-
lowed his guidance, but in case they refused to obey
him thei-e was no punishment known to Indian law
which could be inflicted upon them. Even if one of
them showed cowardice, the severest chastisement
visited upon him was to call him a "squaw," and de-
bar him hencefortli from the honors and privileges of
a warrior. This, however, was a terrible punishment
to men whose only idea of glory or fame was in con-
nection with warlike prowess. Sometimes, in cases
of great importance, the chiefs called the whole nation
to arms, but even then those who failed to respond
were merely designated as "squaws," and left in com-
pany with the squaws.

Of civil government there was little need. Fero-
cious as the Indians were against their enemies, the
members of the various tribes seldom quarreled among
themselves. There was not much for them to quar-
rel about. There was almost no individual property
save the stone tomahawk, the bow and the arrows
which each man could manufacture for himself; so
there were no contests arising from the sin of covet-
ousncss. The marriage bond sat lightly upon them,
although they were not a peculiarly licentious race.
They were merely apathetic in that respect, and mar-
ital infidelity did not awaken the anger often felt
among barbarous nations no purer than the Indians;
so tliere were few quarrels about women. Liquor had
not been introduced among them, and thus another
large class of troubles was avoided.

True, they had ferocious and malignant tempers,
bnt it was not necessary to exercise them at home,
and until after the introduction of liquor they seldom
did so. If a number of Erie braves felt their native
fierceness gnawing in their breasts till it must have
vent, it was needless for them to slay each other; they
could get up a war party, go forth and scalp a few
Ottawa women, or burn a captured Seneca warrior,
and be happy.
The whole Indian system was opposed to the idea

of stringent government. Parental restraint over
children was of the lightest kind, though great def-
erence was paid to age in both men and women. The
little copper-colored rogues ran about in naked bless-
edness, doing whatsoever they liked; the girls, as they
approached womanhood, expecting nothing else than
to share the labors of the wigwam and cornfield, while
the adolescent boys eagerly trained themselves to be-
come hunters and warriors.

When the Sries were the lords over the territory of
Cuyahoga county there was ample opportunity for the
young braves to exercise themselves there in the ex-
hilarating duties of the chase. The level or gently
undulating ground, comijosed of sandy soil near the
lake and a clayey loam farther back, was covered with
a gigantic growth of beeches, maples, oaks, elms, etc.,
probably unsurpassed on the continent. The Indians
were in the habit of burning off the underbrush so
that they could more readily see the game, and this
killed the small trees, but caused the large ones to
attain magnificent proportions.

Here the deer wandered in great numbers. Here
and there, in some aged and hollow tree, the black
bear made his hermitage through the wintry days,
coming forth in the spring to feed on roots and ber-
ries, and, later, on the ample supi)ly of nuts and acorns
afforded by the forest. Here, too, was occasionally
heard the fierce scream of the American panther, at
which even the hardy Indian youths shrank back in
dismay, leaving the task of confronting that dreaded
foe to the bravest warriors of the tribe.

Numerous birds flitted among the trees, on which
the children could test the strength of their tiny bows
and their own accuracy of aim, while at long intervals
the lordly eagle soared far overhead, or circled swiftly
downward to seize his prey, usually defying with im- ~
punity the arrows even of the most renowned bowmen
of the forest. Upon the earth, among many harm-
less congeners, crawled the deadly rattlesnake, which,
however, was easily avoided by the dark youth, shod
with wariness and buskined with cunning.

Life was even more abundant in the water than on
shore. The lake swarmed with pike, pickerel, stur-
geon, whitefish, etc., etc., some of which found their
way into the river, where they were met by the gleam-
ing trout from the upland streams.

Such was Cuyahoga county and its inhabitants at
the time when the first accounts regarding this locali-
ty came to the knowledge of the whites. Even then,
those accounts were very vague, but, as they have
been eked out by subsequently acquired knowledge,
one is able to bring up before the mind's eye a toler-
ably accurate picture of this primeval period. Before,
however, we move forward from this standpoint, it is
proper to make brief mention of that long, vague
period which antedates all reliable information, and
is commonly called the pre-historic era.

fftE-HlSTefilC SPECULATIONS.

CHAPTER II.

PKB-HISTOHIO SPECULATIONS.

Relics in Northern Ohio— The Mound-Builders— Old Fortifications of this
llegion — Worlcs in Cleveland— In Newburg— In Independence— At
the Forlcs of Rocky River- Outside the County— In Western New
Yorlc — Absence of Large Mounds — Coffins at Chagrin Falls— Evi-
dence ,ot Moderate Sizeil- Ancients— The Jaw-Bone Theory— Indian
Palisades— Their Superiority to Breastworks— Absence of Metal In-
struments— Conclusion in Favor of Ancient Indian Occupancy.

So FAR as is actually known, theories might have
been here ten years, or a hundred years, or a thou-
sand years, before they were heard of by the French.
Yet the restless and belligerent character of the
American Indians makes it improbable that any
tribe would remain many centuries in the same
locality, and doubtless the Eries gained their title to
this region by the good old process of driving away or
exterminating the preceding lords of the land, whose
rights were similarly grounded upon slaughter and
conquest.

But, aside from the probable occupancy of the coun-
ti-y by successive tribes of red men, there are works
and relics still extant in Cuyahoga county, as well
as in other parts of northern Ohio, in Pennsylvania
and in New York, wbich have led many to believe that
a race of a much higher grade of civilization than the
Indians once inhabited these regions. Those old in-
habitants are supposed to have been akin to the cele-
brated though somewhat mythical "Mound-Builders"
of the Ohio valley. But the works attributed to the
latter people are of a far different character from those
of their northern neigiibors, including not only exten-
sive fortifications capable of sbeltering ten, fifteen or
even twenty thousand men, but enormous mounds,
sometimes seven or eight hundred feet in cii-cum-
fereuce at tbe base and seventy feet high, and sup-
])osed CO have been, devoted to religious sacrifices.

Without entering into any discussion on the char-
acter or origin of the " Mound-Builders," which
would be entirely foreign to the purpose of this vol-
ume, it is safe to say that the worlis extant in Cuya-
hoga county and the rest of the lake region bear no
indications of having been erected by a race superior to
the American Indians. Nay, they show strong affirma-
tive evidence that their architects were not superior
to the red men discovered here by the Europeans.
The works in question are mostly fortifications of
moderate extent, the enclosed space rarely exceeding
Hye acres. In a majority of cases advantage has
been taken of a strong natural position, where only a
small amount of labor was necessary to fortify it.

Such is the case at one of the best preserved of
these embankments in Cuyahoga county. It is
within the limits of Cleveland city, but in what was
formerly the town of Newburg; being between Broad-
way and the Cuyahoga river, and only a short dis-
tance from that stream. The natural position con-
sisted of a peninsula surrounded on three sides by
ravines nearly sixty feet deep, with steep, clayey sides,
and joined to the main land on. the south by a nar-
row isthmus. On this isthmus, at the narrowest

point, the occupants of the situation built two em-
bankments, the outer one extending completely across
the neck, the inner one reaching nearly but not quite
across .the isthmus, leaving a narrow entrance- way on
the west side. The hight of both embankments is
about two feet, and each has a ditch on its outer side,
now very shallow, but apparently at one time some
tlu'ee feet deep.

The space thus enclosed contains about five acres,
and, although the land outside the ravines is of the
same hight as that within the "fort," yet foemeu
would have found it difficult to send their arrows to
the center of the enclosed spsice through the natui-al
growth of trees, eveu supjwsing that the defenders
knew nothing of the art of building palisades, on
which point there is no evidence.

Most of the other fortifications are of a similiu*
character, the object in each case being to fortify an
istiimus, and thus hold a kind of peninsula or prom-
ontory, nearly surrounded by ravines.

Just outside the city limits, in the present town-
ship of Newburg and close to the Cuyaiioga, is an-
other of these labor-saving fortifications, the enclosed
space being about the size of the one above described,
and the protecting ravines being even deeper, though
not so steep.

Two miles farther up the river, in the township
of Independence, is still another of these enclosures,
the area in this case being nearly ten aci:es. There
are two embankments across the isthmus, with a
ditch between them and, another outside of tiie outer-
most breastwork.

In tlie same township, a short distance north of
Tinker's creek, is another fortification by which a
promontory among the bluffs is defended from the
approach of an enemy.

At the forks of Eocky river, close to the line be-
tween the townships of Middlebui'g and Olinstead,
was one of the most remitrkable of these primitive
fortresses. It is a lofty eliff, almost su-rrounded by
the waters of the west branch of the river, with no
method of reaching the top save by an oblique and
difficult, path cut in the almost perpendicular side.
In front of tiiis path were three linos of breastworks,
from two to three feet high each, with' ditches in front
of tiiem, as in the case of the others before meur-
tioned. This was one of tlie most formidable of these
peculiar fortifications to be found in tiiis county.

Outside of the county there are, in northern Ohio,
many other works more elaborate and important than
those above mentioned, but all evidently constructed,
for the same purpose — that of fortifying with a little
labor ii strong natural position. Among these strong-
holds there is one in Northfield, Summit county,
where a promontory of about four acres, two hundied
feet above the Cuyahoga, is fortified by intrenchmients
across a very narrow ridge eonneetiug it with the back
country; one at Weymouth, Medina county, where a
peninsula of less than an. acre, formed by a bend of
Rocky river, is defended by tlwee lines of intrench.-

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

ment, from four to six feet high, counting from the
bottom of the ditch to the top of the bank; one near
Painesville, Lake county, where a narrow peninsula is
fortified by two embankments, the tops of which are
not less than nine feet from the bottom of the ditches
outside. There is also one near Conneaut, Ashtabula
county, bat this is on a somewhat different plan; a
space of five acres on the top of a detached mound,
seventy feet high, being entirely surrounded by a
circular intrenchment.

There were, at the time of the first settlement, a
large number of similar rude fortifications in western
New York, but there was less attention paid there to
tjie defense of peninsulas and promontories; a majority
of the works being complete redoubts, .each enclosed
by a single wall, a few feet high, with a ditch outside.
Some were on detached hills or mounds, but many
were in the valleys or on the open plains, and have
consequently been obliterated by cultivation. One of
the largest fortresses of that section, known as Fort
Hill, and situated in the town of Le Roy, Genesee
county, contained, when first discovered, great piles of
round stones, evidently intended to be used against
assailing foes.

Nowhere in the lake region are there found any of
tliose immense mounds, so prominent in the Ohio
valley, from which the name of " Mound-Builders "
has been derived, and applied to an .unknown race of
men. Some small mounds, a few feet high, have,
however, been discovered, generally in the vicinity of
the fortifications before described, and probably in-
tended as burial-places. One of these mounds, situ-
ated near Chagrin Palls, was opened in 1840, and
found to contain four rude, stonecoffins, without lids;
three of them being of the proper size for an ordi-
nary man, and one suitable for a half-grown boy.

These coffins are the strongest evidences with which
we are acquainted of the existence of an early race,
more advanced, than the Indians. .So far as known
the Indians never made stone coffins. On the other
hand those articles negative most decidedly the opin-
ion frequently advanced, that the ancient inhabitants
of this region, be they of what race they might, were
superior in bight to the people of modern times. It
is very certain that in numerous instances the thigh-
bone of a-big Indian has, by an imaginative process
of reconstruction, been developed into a whole race of
pre-historic giants. A commonly quoted evidence on
this point is the statement that some venerable jaw-
bone, taken from an ancient mound, will "fit right
on over" the jaw of an ordinary, adult white man; the
easy reasoner forgetting that any concave Ijody will
"fit right on over" a convex one as large as itself, and
that a score of bowls or kettles of the same size will
" fit" each other to perfection. '

So far as the fortifications are concerned there is
absolutely nothing to show that their builders were
superior to the inhabitants discovered by the white
men. ' True, the Indians, when first discovered, did
not build earthen breastworks, but they did build

palisades, requiring more labor and ingenuity than
tlie much vaunted earthworks. The palisaded castles
of the Five Nations were almost impregnable to any
foe not provided with fire-arms, and doubtless the
kindred, though hostile, Eries had provided them-
selves with similar defenses. The first Frenchman
who came to Montreal found there an Indian town of
fifty cabins, encompassed by three lines of palisades,
made of closely fitted timbers, near thirty feet high.
On the inside there was a lofty wooden rampart,
reached by ladders, and always kept well supplied
with stones with which to assail an enemy.

Such a fortress shows a much greater progress in
architectural skill than do the rude earthworks previ-
ously described. Moreover, considering that wooden
arrows and stone tomahawks were the most effective
weapons of the Indians, it is plain that the palisades
were a great improvement on the breastworks as a
protection against an enemy. Since artillery has
come into use among the whites, wooden and even
stone defenses have been abandoned in favor of earthen
ones, into which the balls of an enemy sink without
destructive results. But there was no danger of either
wooden or earthen walls being destroyed by arrows
or stone tomahawks; the problem was to jirevent the
foe from shooting or climbing over the barrier. For
this purpose it is evident that the palisade thirty feet
high was immensely superior to the low breastwork,
which could only with immense labor be raised five or
six feet above the surrounding country.

Moreover, while the intrenchment could hardly be
employed to advantage except on some strong natural
position, where its slight bight was eked out by the
ascent from lower ground, the palisade could be built
on the very bank of a stream, or in the midst of a
maize field, and afford almost perfect protection to
the cabins placed inside. While, therefore, among a
people who use artillery, earthen fortifications are an
advance on wooden or stone ones, yet the palisades of
the Iroquois and Eries show them to have advanced
in defensive skill beyond the men who erected the
earthworks of northern Ohio and western New York,
though very probably the former were descended from
the latter.

The coffins at Chagrin Falls are far stronger evi-
dences of ancient superiority to the Indians than are
the breastworks, but while it is true that Indians gen-
erally did not make stone coffins, yet they did make
weapons and utensils of stone, such as tomahawks, etc.,
and the existence of the larger articles in this vicinity
may be due to the fact that northern Ohio is much
more prolific than other sections in stone which is
easily shaped into any required form.

Another circumstance, showing that the pre-historic
inhabitants of this region were of the same race as
the Indians, or an inferior one, is the fact that no
metal instruments, not even of copper, have come
down to us from the pre-historic era. Flint arrow-
heads, flint knives, stone hatchets, there are in abun-
dance— all of the same kind as those used by the

THE ERlES A^t) T^HEIR DESTRtJCtlOH.

Indians — and if metal instruments had existed some
of them would certainly have remained to the present
day.

Between the borders of Lake Erie and the valleys
of southern Ohio, there is a tract which has been well
designated by Colonel Whittlesey as a neutral ground
between the inhabitants of those localities. Without
attempting to cross this open space and rislc ourselves
among the'shades of the mythical " Mound-Builders,"
but loolting only at the region of the great lakes, we
may consider ourselves on tolerably firm ground.
The Indians were here when the white men first came;
the relics of ancient times generally show not superi-
ority over, but inferiority to, the works of the red
men, and the very strong probability is that some of
the numerous tribes of Indians, in a more or less ad-
vanced state, were the masters of this region from the
time it first had human occupants until they gave
way to the insatiate invaders from Europe.

CHAPTER III.

THE EBIES AND THEIR DESTKUCTION.

The Eries little known to the French— Power of the Iroquois— Destruc-
tion of the Kahquahs — Iroquois Tradition Regarding the Overthrow
of the Eries— The Latter hear of the League of the Five Nations — An
Athletic Contest with the Seneeas— Bloody Work— An Attempted Sur-
prise—A Great Battle—Defeat of the Eries— Probahllity of the Stoi-y
Considered— Another Account — Butchery of the Erie Ambassadors-
Burning of an Onondaga Chieftain— Wrath of the Confederates— The
Next Spring they Set Out — Appioaching the Stronghold— Description
of the Warriors— The Assault— The Victory— Vengeance— Return of
the Iroquois.

During the first quarter of a century after the ex-
istence of the Eries became known to the Erench,
very little occurred which has become matter of his-
tory or even of tradition. The Gallic explorers with
undaunted footsteps made their way to the shores of
Lakes Huron and Ontario, but Lake Erie was almost
an unknown sea to them. Between its waters and
the French settlements in Canada were the homes of
the fierce, untamable Iroquois, against whom Cham-
plain, the founder of Canada, had needlessly waged
war, and who had become the most implacable
enemies of the French colonists. These celebrated
confederates, already the terror of surrounding tribes,
were rapidly rising to still wider dominion, partly on
account of the strength derived from their well-
planned union, and partly on account of the facility
with which they could obtain fire-arms and ammuni-
tion from the Dutch on the Hudson river, who were
very glad to have so good a guard located between
them and the adventurous Frenchmen of Canada!
Equipped with these terrible weapons, and strong in
their five- fold alliance, the Iroquois wreaked terrible
vengeance not only on the countrymen of Champlain,
but on their numerous foes of their own race, little
foreseeing that the destruction of their Indian rivals
would only leave themselves the less able to resist the
advance of the Europeans.

There was occasional warfare between the Iroquois
and the Eries, but the Kahquahs, or Neuter Nation,
whose seats were on both sides of the Niagara river
and extended a short distance up the south side of
Lake Erie, lay partly between the rivals, and were
then at peace with both; so the enemies were con-
strained to bridle their hatred when they met on Kali-
quah ground, or, as some accounts say, only when in
the immediate vicinity of the Kahquah villages. The
Kahqualis maintained a similar neutrality between
the Iroquois and the Hurons of Canada, and hence
the French designation of "La Nation Neutre."
They were not Quakers, by any means, however, and
often waged war against distant tribes.

But the time was rapidly approaching when their
neutrality would no longer serve to shield them from
the aggressive spirit of the Iroquois. In the autumn
of 1650, the Five Nations, having already destroyed
the Hurons, burst like a thunderbolt upon the un-
fortunate Kahqualis, defeated them in battle, burned
a large number of their villages and slaughtered the
inhabitants. The next spring they renewed the
assault, and utterly destroyed the Kahqualis as a
nation, slaying all except a few whom they adopted
into their own tribes, and a few more who fled for
safety to the Indians of the Far West, among whom
they soon lost their separate identity.

Naught now interposed between the Eries and
their arrogant foes, the Five Nations. Experience
showed that they might soon expect an assault made
with all the strength of the confederacy, and no doubt
they prepared for its coming. The story of the final
struggle is only to be derived frorri the vague and
boastful traditions of the Iroquois, for of the Eries
none are left to tell the tale of their people's ruin.
One account, which has been widely quoted, was pub-
lished in the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser in 1845,
and is said to have been vouched for by "Governor
Blacksnake," a celebrated Seneca chief then nearly a
hundred years old, and by other aged warriors of the
Five Nations.

It represents that " when the Eries heard of the
confederation between the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onon-
dagas, Cayugas and Seneeas," they imagined it must
be for some mischievous purpose. To discover its
meaning they invited the Iroquois to send a hundred
of their most athletic young men, to play a game of
ball with a like number selected by the Eries, for a
heavy wager. The invitation was declined. Next
year it was repeated, but again declined. A third
time the challenge was sent, and this time it was ac-
cepted.

A hundred men, the flower of the Iroquois youth,
went forth, unarmed, to meet their antagonists. The
two parties met near the site of Buffalo. A large
amount of wampum-belts, buffalo robes, beaded moc-
casins, etc., was deposited on each side as a wager, and
then the game was played. The Iroquois were suc-
cessful. The Eries then challenged the victors to a
foot-race between ten of the fastest runners. The

GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

challenge was accepted, and the Iroquois were again
victorious. By this time the Eries were extremely
angry, and their chief proposed a wrestling match
between ten of the best men on each side; it being
understood that the victor in each case should toma-
hawk his adversary and tear oil his scalp as a trophy.
The Iroquois accepted the proposition, determined,
however, as they say, not to enforce the bloody penalty
provided they were the conquerors. In the first
match a Beiieca threw his antagonist, but declined to
slay him. The infuriated chief of the Eries immedi-
ately drove his own tomahawk into the brains of his
prostrate champion. A second and a third Erie met
the same fate. The chief of the Iroquois, seeing the
terrible excitement which prevailed among the Eries,
IDut a stop to this remarkable "sport," and quickly
led his men back to their own homes.

This inglorious contest increased the jealousy of the
Eries. They determined to attack the Senecas, who
resided on Seneca lake, in the present State of New
York, hoping to destroy them ere the other confed-
erates could interfere. A Seneca woman, married
among the Eries, fled and informed her countrymen
of the intended assault. All the warriors of the Five
Nations rallied to meet it. The two armies met on
the east side of the Genesee river. After a long and
bloody combat, elaborately described by Blacksnake
and his friends, after the Eries had seven times been
driven across a small stream which ran across the bat-
tle field, and had every time regained their ground,
they were forced back for the eighth time, and a
corps of a thousand young Iroquois warriors, which
had been held in reserve, was let loose upon the rear
of their exhausted foes. This decided the day, and
the Eries were almost entirely annihilated by the
vigorous young warriors. The Iroquois army fol-
lowed their defeated enemies to their homes, destroyed
their villages, and slew all but a few wretched men and
women, who fled in terror to the tribes farther west.

Such is the substance of the story as preserved by
Iroquois tradition, but it is altogether too good a story
for the Five Nations. It shows them meek under
provocation, successful in every athletic contest, and
acting entirely on the defensive m the war which re-
sulted in the destruction of their foes. The state-
ment in the beginning that the movemeuts of the
Eries were caused by their hearing of the formation
of the Iroquois league, shows the dubious character
of the whole story, for that league had been in exist-
ence at least half a century when the Eries were
destroyed, and probably much longer. The confed-
eracy had again and again demonstrated its power,
and it would be absurd to suppose that their near
neighbors and bitter enemies, the Eries, did not
know all about it. Some portions of the tradition
may be true, but it is so partial to the Iroquois that
no dependence can be placed upon it. Almost the
only certain thing in the whole story is that there was
a war between the Iroquois and the Eries, and that
the latter were defeated and destroyed.

The most reliable account of the last great contest
between the Iroquois and the Eries is that given by
Parkman in his "Jesuits of North America." This
is also derived principally from Indian tradition, but
the statements of the red men have been carefully
sifted by that experienced historian, and have been
compared with contemporary accounts of French
missionaries. Moreover, it is quite in consonance
with the nature of the Iroqtwis and the known results
of the case. It appears from this account that in
1653 a treaty of peace was made between the Eries
and the Senecas, the nearest and most powerful of the
Iroquois tribes, and the former nation sent thirty
ambassadors to the Seneca country to confirm it.
While they were there a quarrel arose in which a Sen-
eca warrior was killed by one of the Eries. The
countrymen of the deceased, regardless of the sacred
office of the ambassadors (according to civilized, ideas),
immediately fell upon them and slew the whole thirty.

When the Eries heard of this butchery, of course
the war was at once renewed. One of the parties
sent to harass the Iroquois captured an Onondaga
chief, and returned with him in triumph to their own
country. Indian custom required that he should be
burned at the stake to appease the shades of their
slaughtered brethren. Some of the older and wiser
sachems objected. Such an act would make the
whole confederacy perfectly implacable, although pre-
vious to that time the quarrel had been principally
with the Senecas. The Five Nations, partly armed
with European weapons, had shown their immense
power by scattering the great H^iron nation to the four
winds and by utterly destroying the Kaliqxialis, and
it would be madness to invoke the unappeasable wrath
of the terrible confederacy. On the other hand the
young warriors were furious for revenge, and besides
it was almost a positive law among them that the
blood shed by their foes should, be repaid with torture
whenever an opportunity offered.

There was, however, one way of escape. It was an
immemorial custom that a prisoner's life might be
saved at the request of a near relative of a slain war-
rior, who adopted him in place, of the deceased. It
was determined to give the Onondaga to the sister of
one of the slaughtered ambassador;?. She was then
absent, but it was not doubted that she would accept
the prisoner in place of her brother, since by that
means alone could the stern requirements of Indian
law be reconciled with the safety of her people. She
soon returned, and was earnestly solicited to acquiesce
in the arrangement. But no; she would have no
such brother as that.

"Let him be burned,'" she said; and the party of
vengeance was thus reinforced by all who held in es-
pecial reverence the ancient customs of the tribe.
The unfortunate Onondaga was doomed to the stake,
and submitted to his terrible fate with the usual sto-
icism of an Indian warrior. But, as they were about
to light the funeral pile, he declared that they were
burning the whole Erie nation, and many a prudent

THE ERIES AND THEIR DESTRUCTION.

old sachem foreboded the accomplishment of tlie
prophesy.

When lihe news reached the Iroquois, the whole
confederacy was in a fury of rage. Mohawks, Onei-
das and Cayugas were as eager for revenge as the
Senecas; and the Onondagas, whose chief had suffered
the last punishment of savage hate, were even more
so. The approach of winter prevented an immediate
movement against the Eries, but in the spring of
1654 nearly all the Iroquois warriors were summoned 1
to the field. An army was fitted out which LeMoine, j
a Jesuit missionary then among the Onondagas, esti- \
mated at eighteen hundred men — an immense num-
ber when compared with an ordinary Indian war party.

The Eries, sensible of their danger, had retreated
to the western part of their territory — ^probably to
the vicinity of Cleveland — and had there fortified
themselves with palisades, strengthened by an abattis
of forked trees. The /ro/^jtots escimated the number .
of the Erie warriors at two thousand, but this was
probably one of the usual exaggerations of an enemy.
The Senecas, by far the most powerful of the Five
Nations, could only muster a thousand warriors, and
there is uo reason to suppose the Eries were stronger.
Probably they were weaker.

After a long march through tlie forest, the Iroquois
approached the stronghold of tlieir enemies. A few
carried muskets or arquebuses, and ammunition,
either purchased from the Dutch or captured from
the French. Two wore French costumes, doubtless
stripped from the bodies of slain enemies. At length
the long column of the confederates arrived in front
of the fortress of the Eries, and spiead themselves
out in line. Other armies have been larger and better
disciplined, but few have made a more terrifying
appearance than that which now stood awaiting the
signal for the onslaught.

The war costume of an Indian in the olden time
consisted of a small breech-clout of deerskin, and a
crest of as many bright colored 'feathers as he could
obtain. His face and naked body were painted with
pigments of red, yellow and black, arranged in the
most fantastic and hideous designs that the artist
could invent. A thousand or more savages, thus ar-
rayed and decorated, and known to be filled with the
most furious hatred, must have presented an appal-
ling appearance to any but the hardiest foes. Nearly
every man carried the bow, the arrows and the war
c'ub which had been the weapons of his fathers, but
a f jw, as has been said, were provided with fire-arms,
and many had substituted iron hatchets and knives
for the stone tomahawks and flint scalpers of their
ancestors. The war-chiefs, of whom there was a
large proportionate number, took their positions a
few yards ahead of the line, each one in front of his
own band.

When all was ready the two Iroquois, before men-
tioned as being dressed in French costume, advanced
close to the walls and demanded the surrender of the
Eries. One of them, who had been baptized by the

Jepuits, declared that the "Master of Life" was on
their side.

"Ho, ho!" cried the scornful ^rtes, "our hatchets
and our arrows are the masters of life; come and see
what they will do!"

The heralds retired, the head chiefs gave the signal,
and with terrific yells the Iroquois advanced to the
attack. They were met with flights of poisoned
arrows, and were compelled to fall back. They then
brought forward the canoes in which they had made
the trip up the lake, and each crew bore its own bark
above their heads so as to protect them from the
arrows of the Eries. Thus shielded, they again
moved forward. The poisoned missiles rattled on the
frsiil bark vessels, but only occasionally hit the ex-
posed part of some careless warrior.

At length the assaulting line reached the front of
the palisade. This lofty barrier might well appear
an lusurnionntable obstacle to men unprovided with
ladders, but the Iroqxiois placed their canoes against
the wooden walls, and, in spite of the resistance of
the Eries, speedily climbed over into the fort. Then
began a scene of frightful butchery. Probably
largely outnumbered by their confederated foes — per-
haps hardly equal to them in warlike prowess — the
Eries gave way on all sides. The Iroquois rushed
forward, Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, Oneidas and
Mohawks all eager to be the first in the race for ven-
geance. The forest resounded with the fearful yells
of the victims, as in swift succession they struck
down their foes with war-club or tomahawk, tore off
their scalps, and waved the reeking trophies above
their heads in demoniac triumph.

As was generally the .case when one savage nation
was completely successful over another, the conquered
people was almost completely annihilated. Men,
women and children were slaughtered with equal
ruthlessness, and all their villages were burned to the
ground. Some escaped to join the tribes of the Far
West. Some, especially children, were reserved for
adoption by the conquerors, in accordance with wide-
spread Indian custom. Many of the warriors, too,
were taken alive, but these were generally devoted to
the most terrible fate which savage malignity could
invent.

When night came on, the victors prepared for a
grand illumination. The captured warriors were
bound, naked, one by one, to the trees of the forest.
Piles of light fuel wei'e heaped around them and then
the torch was applied. A Cayuga told Mr. Parkman
that, according to the tradition in his tribe, a thou-
sand Eries were thus enveloped in flames at once.
As the Indians couldn't count over ten, and as there
were probably not over a thousand Erie warriors in
all, if so many, it is best to take this statement with
much allowance. But even if there were a hundred
thus subjected to torture, they must have formed the
most soul-curdling sight that can well be imagined.
Those who admire the romance of Indian life might
have enjoyed their fill of it could they have stood in

GENBEAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

the forest on the shore of Lake Erie, two hundred
and twenty-five years ago, and have seen the darkness
lighted up by fire after fire, extending in every direc-
tion, in the midst of each of which a naked warrior
writhed in the agonies of death, his voice, however,
rising in the death-song, defiant and contemptuous
towai'd his foes, who danced and howled around him
in all the ecstasy of diabolical glee.

The Iroquois remained in the country of the Eries
for two months, nursing their own wounded, and
hunting out, and capturing or slaying, any of that un-
fortunate people who might still be lingering near
the homes of their ancestors. Then the conquerors
re-entered their canoes, proceeded down the lake and
made their way to their own homes, where they were
doubtless received with universal admiration as heroes
who had deserved well of their country.

CHAPTEE IV.

DISPUTED DOMIBTION.

Iroquois Power— Its Boundary on the Cuyahoga— Ownership of the
Western Part of tlie County— French Slcill— La Salle's Supj)osed Visit
—His Great Exploration— The First Vessel on Lake Erie— Tonti and
Hennepin— Brilliant Prospects for the French- Fate of the Griffln-
Subsequent career of La Salle— Pretensions of the French and English
—The Jealous Iroquois— Ohio a Part of Louisiana— Building of Fort
Niagara— An Extensive Trust Deed— Lake Erie called "Oswego"—
Meaning of the Word— The War of 1744— The Ohio Company— De Bien-
ville's Expedition— New French Posts- The First European Establish-
ment in Cuyahoga county— \^'ashington in the Field— The First Amer-
ican Congress— Franklin's Proposition— Beginning of the Great War-
Western Indians aid the French— Defeat of Braddoek— French For-
tunes wane— Loss of Niagara and Quebec— Surrender of Canada^-
End of French Poiver in the Lake Region.

Ebom that time forward northwestern Ohio became
a parb of the domain of bhe all-conquering Iroquois.
They fixed their western boundary at the Cuyahoga
river, and there were none to dispute it with them.
They continued, however, to reside in central JSTew
York, using this region only as a hunting ground.
That remarkable confederacy was then at the hight
of its power. Erom the Atlantic to the Mississippi,
from Hudson's bay to the Gulf of Mexico, no nation
nor league of their own race was able to withstand
them, and the feeble colonies of Europeans alternate-
ly courted their friendship or shrank from their en-
mity.

Though claiming no farther west than the Cuya-
hoga, their war parties made frequent excursions far
beyond that boundary, coasting up Lake Erie in their
canoes, passing by those who propitiated their friend-
ship, but executing vengeance on those who awakened
their wrath, even to the distant shores of the Missis-
sippi and the far northern waters of Lake Superior.

That part of Cuyahoga county west of the river
which bears its name was not permanently occupied
by any tribe, but appears to have been claimed by
another confederacy, much less powerful than the
Iroquois, which had its principal seat in Michigan,
and was composed of the Ottawas, Chippewas and

the Pottawattamies. The Shatonees, who resided in
the southwest, in the present State of Indiana, also
frequently hunted along the shore of Lake Erie. In
fact, the boundaries of Indian possessions were sel-
dom defined with the accuracy of farm-lines in a
deed, and were constantly varying according to the
power or caprice of their owners.

Notwithstanding the old grudge of the Iroquois.
against them, the French, whose skill in managing
savages was unequaled by that of any other European
nation, succeeded in the intervals of active warfare in
insinuating themselves among those fierce warriors,
and securing a foothold for their fur-traders and even
for their missionaries. It is highly probable that
some of those classes, intent on the interests of com-
merce or religion, made their way to the south shore
of Lake Erie soon after, if not before, the destruction
of the unfortunate people wlio resided there; for the
Jesuit map of 1660 proves that the members of that
order had at least traced the chain of waters from
Lake Erie to Lake Superior.

Very little is known, however, of the locality un-
der consideration. According to a biography of the
celebrated La Salle, by an anonymous author, yet
bearing many evidences of credibility, that remarka-
ble adventurer came into the country south of Lake
Erie in 1669, discovered tiie Ohio and descended it to
the rapids where Louisville now stands, where he was
abandoned by his men and compelled to return alone.
What La Salle was doing at this period is not posi-
tively known, and such an exploit would be in perfect
harmony not only with his dauntless courage and
boundless love of adventure but with his uniform
lack of tact in managing his subordinates.

A map attributed to La Salle, issued in 1672, calls
the great body of water which bounds Cuyahoga
county on the north, "Lake Tejocharonting, com-
monly called Lake Erie."

But it was not until 1679 that Lake Erie was fully
explored by European eyes and its waters plowed by
a vessel built by European hands. The leader in this
important enterprise was the brilliant adventurer al-
ready named, Eobert Cavelier de la Salle. This gen-
tleman, a Frenchman of good family, then thirty-five
years old, was the boldest and most successful of all
the gallant men who attempted to explore the interior
of North America. Some adventurers had made
short excursions inland from the coast, others had
trodden the shores of the St. Lawrence, others still
had traced the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and discov-
ered the mouth of its principal river; it was given to
La Salle to glide from the northeast to the southwest
over three thousand unknown miles of land and wa-
ter, to unravel the great enigma of the Mississippi,
and to span the whole eastern portion of the conti-
nent with the bow of triumphant discovery.

Having left his native Eouen at the age of twenty-
two. La Salle had for thirteen years been leading a
life of varied adventure in America, and had in 1678
received a commission from Louis the Fourteenth to

DISPUTED DOMINIOK

discover the western part of New France. In the
winter and spring of 1678 and 1679 he built a vessel
of sixty tons on the Niagara river, above the falls, to
which he gave .the name of the "Griffin." After
long waiting, to perfect his preparations, La Salle
sailed up Lake Erie from the head of the Niagara on
the seventh day of August, 1678.

It is not certain on which side of Lake Erie the
"Griffin" sailed, nor whether it crossed the watery
portion of Cuyahoga county; the presumption, how-
ever, is that it went on the north side, which was not
only the shortest but was least likely to be infested by
the hostile Iroquois. Nevertheless, the opening of
the great inland sea, on which the county borders, to
the knowledge and the commerce of Europe is an
event of such importance to all who live on its shores
as to merit more than a passing notice.

La Salle occupied four days in making the voyage
from the site of Buffalo to the head of the lake, where
he entered into the straits which lead to Lake Huron.
There were thirty-four men on board the "Griffin,"
all Frenchmen with two or three exceptions. La
Salle himself is repi-esented as a handsome, blue-eyed
cavalier, with smooth cheeks and abundant ringlets,
apparently better fitted to grace the salons of Paris
than to dare the dangers of the American wilderness,
yet in reality standing in the foremost rank of all
those who opened the new world to the knowledge of
the old.

The second in command was Henry de Tonti, an
Italian by birth, son of the inventor of the "Tontine"
plan of insurance, who had served valiantly as a sol-
dier in the Sicilian wars, who had been exiled from
his native land by revolution, and who showed,
throughout his career under La Salle, the most un-
wavering contempt of danger and the most devoted
loyalty to his chief.

Another distinguished voyager on the "Griffin" was
the celebrated Father Hennepin, a Franciscan friar
of Flemish birth, but French by education and lan-
guage, who was at once the priest and the historian of
the expedition. " With sandaled feet, a coarse, gray
capote, and peaked hood, the cord of St. Francis
about his waist, and a rosary and crucifix hanging at
his side, the father set forth on his memorable jour-
ney."* He was attended by two coadjutors, and
they carried with them a light poi-table altar, which
could be strapped on the back like a knapsack or set
up in the wilderness at a moment's notice. Father
Hennepin was destined, in the course of the wide
wanderings on which he was then entering, to display
the most unswerving courage, and the most devoted
zeal in the conversion of the savages to Christianity,
but was also to acquire the less enviable reputation of
being one of the most mendacious of the many un-
trustworthy European travelers in America.

As the little bark with its gallant commander, its
zealous priests and its swarthy crew, swept westward

* Parkman.

before the favoring breezes, all doubtless believed
that they were opening the new lake to the com-
merce of France, and that its fertile shores would in
time be occupied by the subjects of Louis le Grand
or his successors. To all appearances the French had
obtained the complete dominion of all the waters of
the St. Lawrence, and the career of La Salle was to
extend still farther the sway of their magnificent
monarch. The most vivid and prophetic imagination
could not have pictured the shores of the great lakes
passing from the dominion of France to that of Eng-
land, (whose king, Charles the Second, was then the
mere vassal of Louis the Fourteenth), and again, after
a brief interval, becoming a part of an independent
country, whose power was to rival that of either of
the great nations which had preceded it in the path of
empire.

La Salle named the waters over which he was pass-
ing the " Lac de Conti," in honor of one of his pat-
rons, the Prince de Conti, but Father Hennepin
called it Erie, mentioning at the same time that the
Indians termed it "Brie Tejocharonting."

The "Griffin," though the pioneer of all the immense
commerce of Lake Erie, was itself the sport of disas-
trous fate. It went to Green Bay, where La Salle,
Tonti and Hennepin left it; started on its return
with a cargo of furs, and was never heard of more.
Whether it sank with all on board amid the storm-
tossed waters of Lake Michigan or Huron, or was
driven upon the shore of Lake Erie and its crew mur-
dered by the revengeful Iroquois, has been a subject
of frequent but unavailing investigation. Numerous
relics of shipwreck have been found near the mouth
of Eocky river, in Cuyahoga county, and it is possi-
ble, not probable, that some of them came from the
long lost "Griffin." With greater probability it has
been deemed that the scene of the "Griffin's" ship-
wreck was discovered, near the beginning of this centu-
ry, by the settlers in the southwest part of Erie county,
New York; for there were cannon found there with
French mottoes upon them, which certainly gives color
to the theory that that was the tlieater of the
" Griffin's " disaster. There are, liowever, other ways
of accounting for those relics, and it is quite likely, as
before stated, that the pioneer vessel of the upper lakes
sank amid their turbulent waters with all of its unfor-
tunate crew.

After the "Griffin" had sailed. La Salle, with the
majority of his companions, went into the Illinois
country. There they built two trading posts, but as,
after long waiting, the "Griffin" did not return, the
indomitable chief, with three comrades, performed
the extraordinary feat of returning on foot to tiie.
shores of the St. Lawrence, subsisting entirely upon
the game they procured with their muskets. It has
generally been supposed that La Salle and his com-
panions went on the southern side of Lake Erie across
the territory of Cuyahoga county, but there are good,
reasons for believing that they crossed the Detroit
river and skirted the northern shore of the lake,..

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

wliere they would be in less danger from the ever-
d leaded Iroquois.

La Salle afterwards returned to the Illinois region,
and in 1683, with a handful of men, descended the
Mississippi to the sea, thus achieving the greatest
feat of discovery ever accomplished in the interior of
America, and adding the vast territory of Louisiana
to the dominions of France. While endeavoring,
however, to colonize these newly discovered lands, he
met with continual disasters, and was at length mur-
dered by some of his own followers, in what is now
the State of Texas.

For a long period afterwards there is very little to
relate regarding the county of Cuyahoga. The
French waged long wars with the English under
King William and Queen Anne, and the Iroquois
Avere generally in alliance with the latter jieople.
Nevertheless the French, whose powers of insinuation
among savages were unrivaled, obtained considerable
influence among the Senecas, and were enabled to
make many profitable voyages after furs upon Lake
Erie. Fort Poncliartrain was built on the site of
Detroit in 1701. By the peace of Utrecht, concluded'
;it the end of " Queen Anne's War" in 1713, the Five
Nations (or the Six Nations, as they became about
that time by the admission of the Tuscaroras into the
C(mfederacy), were acknowledged to be subjects of the
crown of Great Britain, but no definite boundaries
were assigned them. From that time forth the Eng-
lish claimed to own as far west as the Cuyahoga, on
the ground that the Six Nations had long been tlie
proprietors to that point, while the French, by right
(if discovery and possession, claimed both shores of
the gi-eat lakes, together with the whole valley of the
Mississippi.

As for the Iroquois, they repudiated tiiei)retensions
of the English as scornfully as they did those of the
French, and asserted their own ownership by virtue
of their conquest of the Kahqualis and Fries. In
fact tliey were becoming, perlnips, more jealous of
the English than of the French, since the former
were continually obtaining large tracts of Indian lands
for the purpose of colonization, while the latter only
wanted posts for their fur-traders and stations for
their missionaries. Frencli traders from Canada
scoured the whole West in searcli of furs, as did also
the Dutch and English of New York.

At the period in question the French considered
Ohio as a part of Louisiana. That province was di-
vided into four parts, each in charge of a military
commandant; all being subject to the council-general
of Louisiana. One of these subdivisions nominally
included all the territory northwest of the Ohio. In
fact, • however, the would-be rulers exercised very
little authority outside the walls of their rude
fortresses.

In 1725, the French obtained permission of the
Iroquois chiefs to build a "stone house " at the mouth
of the Niagara, on the east side, where the Marquis
de Denonville had previously planted a French post.

which liad been speedily abandoned. The "stone
house" was at once begun, and finislied the next year;
assuming, by the time ib was completed, the propor-
tions of a strong frontier fortress. This was a very
important proceeding, as it gave the French, to a
great extent, the command of the whole upper lake
region. There was a great deal of intriguing among
the Iroquois chiefs on the part of both the French
and the English, audit is sometimes difficult to learn
which was in the ascendency ; though, as a general
rule, the English influence was predominant. The
French were most successful with the Senecas and
one or two other western tribes of the confederacy,
while the Molumuks and Oneidas, who lived on the
English frontier, were usually faithful to their inter-
est. The ancient bond of the " Hedonosaunee," or
People of the Long House, as the Iroquois called
themselves, was evidently weakening under the Stress
of foreign intrigue.

But the French did not have it all their own way
even with the western tribes. . The same year that
Fort Niagara was completed seven of the principal
sachems of the Senecas, Gayugas and Onondugas
made a deed of trnst to the King of Great Britain
and his successors, of their lands, extending in a belt
sixty miles wide from the foot of Lake Ontario, all
aljiig that lake, the Niagara river and the "Lake
Oswego," [Erie] to the "creek called Oanahogne,"
which was the original form of Cuyahoga. The deed
also included the " beaver hunting-grounds " of those
nations, the boundaries of which were not described,
but which are supposed to have been on the Canadian
peninsula. The king was to hold the lands forever,
but solely in trust for the tribes above-named; the ob-
ject being evidently to give the English an excuse for
withstanding the pretensions of the French to the
same territory.

It is doubtful whether the seven chiefs had any
authority to deed away the lands of their people, even
"in trust," and it is probable that they represented
only the English faction, while it was the French
faction which had given that nation authority to
build Fort Niagara. The officers of King Louis and
King George now maintained the conflicting claims
of their respective masters to the country cast of tlie
Cuyahoga with more pertinacity than ever before.

It will have been obsei~ved that in the above deed
Lake Erie is called " Oswego," that being the same
name which about the same time was applied to the
locality on Lake Ontario, at the mouth of the Onon-
daga, now Oswego. On a map in Colden's History
of the Five Nations Lake Erie is called "Okswego,"
and this appellation is also used in Washington's jour-
nal, in 1753, and on Pownal's map, as late as 1777.
This name, like most Indian names, has received
many different explanations. The most plausible,
considering that the expj-ession was used in regard
to two such widely separated localities, is that of
" boundless view," or, as the Indians express it "look
everywhere — see nothing." Such an appellation

DISPUTED DOMlNIOlsr.

2.1

would be applicable to almost any point along the
lakes, or to either of the lakes itself. The lake on
which Cuyahoga county borders was,- however, more
often called by its, old name of "Erie," and this
finally superseded all oth«i's.

Notwithstanding tlve intrigues of the French and
English, that part of Cuyahoga couuty east of the
river continued in gesiceable possession of the 8ix
Nations, who used it only as ahunting ground, while
the western part was occupied for the same purpose
hj the Ottawas, CMppewas and Pettawattamies. The
only white men seen within its bounds were occasional
French far-traders, or, less often, an extramely daring
Etaglish one, and perchancej now and then, a dark-
gowned Jesuit, abandoning ease and risking life to
spread tlie faith of his church among the savages of
the Far West.

In the war between France and England, begun in
1744, and concluded by the treaty of Aix la Chapelle
in 1748, tlic Six Nations generally maintained tiieir
neutrality, and the contest had no efEect this far west.
In the last named year,, ho we \?er, an association called
the Ohio Company was organized under the authority
of the government of Virginia, for the purpose of
settling tiie lands which that colony claimed west of
the AUeganies. It numbered foui:teon members, all
Virginians except one, (a Londoner), ani«ng whom
were Lawrence and Augustine, elder brothers of
George Washington. The Virginia authorities gave
it a grant of half a million acres west of the AUega-
nies, but without any definite location of boundaries;
if the owners could maintain themselves on the Ohio
or the shores of Lake Erie, they were welcome to do

so.
The peace of Aix la Chapelle was little more than

an armed truce, so far as America was concerned, and
the intrigues of both Frencii and English for the ex-
tension of theii- frontiers were more active than eter.
In 1749, the Count de la Galissoniero, the governor-
general of Canada,, ordered Monsieur Celeron de Bien-
ville to sot forth frorii Detroit with three hundred
men, to visit all important points, east and southeast,
as far as the AUeganies, and to take formal possession
of. the country, in the name ofthe king of France.
De Bienville obeyed his instructions, and at, each im-
portant locality he buried a leaden plate, engraved
with the arms of France, and also made one of those
curious records, called a "proves verial," which con-
sisted of a solemn written declaration of the. officer,
duly attested before a notary public, to the effect that
he did then and there take possession of the surround-
ing country, in the name and for the benefit of the
king of France,

As the mouth of the Cuyahoga had long been recog-
nized as one of the principal places in the West,
especially as being the, boundary between the Six Na-
tions and their western rivals,, it is highly probable
that Celeron de Bienville buried one of his plates and
drew up one of his "proces verbal" at that point,
but there is no direct evidence to that effect. The

next year the French followed up the movement they
had begun, by building a fort near Sandusky bay.

In 1753, the Marquis de Durpiesne de Menneville
was appointed governor-general of Canada, and pro-
ceeded to carry out the aggressive policy of his prede-
cessor. The Indians of all the tribes beeame seriously
alarmed, and in a council held below Pittsburg, that
year, they inquired where the Indian lands were, since
the French chiimod all on the west side of the Ohio
and the English on the oast. The next year the
French began to carry oat their long planned scheme
of connecting Lake Erie and the Ohio river by a chain
of posts, which should at once mark the boundary of
tiie French possessions and defend them from inva-
sion. Posts were accordingly established at Presqu'
Isle, (Erie), Le Boouf (Frencli Creek) and Venango,
all in the present State of Pennsylvania. If the
movement was successful and the English acquiesced
in it, Cuyahoga county, with all the rest of the West,
was to become French territory.

The English and their colonies took the alarm ; a
small garrison was ordered to the forks of the Ohio,
and young Major George Washington was sent by the
governor of Virginia to remonstrate with the com-
mandant, at LeHoeuf and demand his withdrawa'.
The latter proceeding was entirely futile, as was
doubtless expected, and the next spring the French
went down with a heavy force, drove away the little
garrison 4xt the forks of the Ohio, and built a fort
there which they called Fort Duquesne. Thus the
chain of posts was complete, and for the first time
Cuyahoga county was fully inclosed within the French
lines. The same year another fort was built on the
Sandusky. About the same period, perhaps a little
earlier, a French post of some kind vvas established
on the Cuyahoga. It is shown on Lewis Evans' majj,
of 1755, as a "French house," five or six miles up the
river on the west side. The language would indicate
a trading-house, but it was probably sufficiently for-
tified to resist a sudden attack of hostile Indians.
This was the first European establishment within the
limits of Cuyahoga county.

By this time all the colonies were much excited,
and a meeting of their representatives — ^the first
American congress — was held at Albany to devise
some means of united action against the common en-
emy. Benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Pennsyl-
vania, proposed a plan of union among the colonies,
which, however, was not adopted. Immediately
afterwards Franklin, in his paper at Philadelphia,
proposed a plan for defending the frontiers. Two
joint-stock companies were to be formed, each share-
holder in which was to receive a certain number of
acres of land from the government; one of the com-
panies being bound to plant a colony on the JSIiagara
frontier, and the other to establish one norlh of the
Ohio. For the protection of the latter he pioposed
a temporary fort on French creeek, and another at the
month of the " Tioga" [Cuyahoga] on the south side
of Lake Erie, " where a post should be formed and a

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY,

town erected for the trade of the lake." This was,
so far as kuowD, the first suggestion ever made look-
ing to the building of a town on the site of Cleve-
land.

But Franklin's plan necessitated that the govern-
ment should first drive the French away from the
head-waters of tlie Ohio and the south shore of Lake
Erie, and this was a very difiicalt thing to do. When
it should be accomplished the problem of defending
tlie frontiers would have been substantially solved,
whether the proposed colonies were established or
not.

In that year (1754) Washington, by attacking a
French party which was spying around his camp,
struck the first overt blow in the most important war
which had yet been waged in America. The French
rallied their numerous friends among i^ie western In-
dians, and these came gliding down the lake in
canoes, resplendent in war-paint and feathers, ready
to aid their great father, the king of France. Some
went to Presqa' Isle (Erie), and thence to the posts
in the interior, but some went np the Cuyahoga to
the " French house," thence to the portage, and so
on direct to Fort Duquesne.

In 1755, a crowd of these western savages defeated
the disciplined army of Braddock, and the valley of
the Oliio and the shores of Lake Brie appeared to be
more firmly fixed than ever in the power of the
French. Their grasp was loosened in 1758, when
Fort Duquesne was surrendered to General Forbes,
but was by no means entirely relinquished. The next
year, at tlie same time that Wolfe was seeking glory
and a grave under the walls of Quebec, General
Prideaux and Sir William Johnson, with a considera-
ble force of English, Provincials and Iroquois, came
to- besiege Fort Niagara, justly considered the key of
the whole upper-lake region. Again the western In-
dians were called on, and again they hastened down
the lake to the assistance of their French brethren.

D'Aubrey, the commander at Venango, gathered
all he could of both white and red, and hastened to
the relief of Niagara. He was utterly defeated and
captured, however, close to the walls of that post,
and the fort itself was immediately surrendered to
the English. When this news came westward, fol-
lowed quickly by the intelligence of the fall of Quebec,
the few remaining Frenchmen along the lakes sadly
foreboded the speedy transfer of this broad domain to
the power of the hated English. In September of
the next year (17G0), the Marquis de Vandreuil, gov-
ernor-general of Canada, surrendered that province
to the English, including all the forts of the western
country. This ended the long contest for dominion
over the territory of northern Ohio, for no one could
doubt that, with the French once subdued, the Eng-
lisli wpuld bp the virtual lords of the whole country,
although they might permit the various tribes of In-
dians to assert a nominal ownership.

CHAPTER V.

ENGLISH DOMINIOlf.

Major Rogers and his Rangers sent to Detroit— The Command at the
"Chogage"— Location of that Stream— A Band of Ottawas— Question
as to the presence of Pontiac— Rogers' description of the Meeting, and
of subsequent Events— Sir William Johnson at the Cuyahoga— First
British Vessel on Lake Erie— Conspiracy of Pontiac— Wilkins' Expe-
dition-Location of the Disaster which befell it— Bradstreet's Expedi-
tion—Its arrival in Cuyahoga County— Description of the Scene— The
Command proceeds up the Lake— Its Return-^ Wreck of the Flotilla-
Location of that Event— Destruction of Boats— Putnam and his Men
return on Foofr-Eelics found near Rocky River- A Mound full of
Bones— Query regarding its Occupants— Subsequent Events— Hard-
ships of Early Navigation— Ohio annexed to the Province of Quebec-
Lord Dunmore's War— The Revolution— Indian Forays— Murder of
Moravian Indians— Meeting of Commissioners to negotiate Peace-
Proposition to give Ohio to Great Britain— Its Defeat— Duration of
English Dominion.

As soon as the surrender of Canada had been en-
forced, the British commander-in-chief. Gen. Amherst,
felt that it was important to send a body of troops
immediately to take possession of the western French
posts, especially of Detroit, which had been looked
on as the headquarters of French power on the upper
lakes by numerous warlike tribes, who. would hardly
.believe that England was victorious as long as they
saw the. Gallic flag flying from the battlements of
that fortress. He selected for that purpose the
force reported to be the bravest body of partisans in
the Anglo-American army— the celebrated New Hamp-
shire Rangers, commanded by their renowned leader.
Major Robert Rogers. Major Rogers had served
throughout the war which was just, closing, usually
having a separate force with which he operated
against the Indians or annoyed the French, and act-
ing much of the time in concert with Israel Putnam,
of Connecticut, whose fame as a partisan was second
only to his own; each of them having done more daring
deeds and experienced more hair-breadth escapes than
would suffice to fill a volume.

This hardy backwoods leader, with his battalion of
"Rangers,"' set out from Fort Niagara in October,
1760. The command moved up the- Niagara and set
forth- upon Lake Erie in the large bateaux, holding
fifty men each, with which white troops usually navi-
gated the great lakes at that period. On the 7th of
November the battalion arrived at the mouth of a
river which Rogers!, in his published journal, calls the
"Chogage." It has generally been assumed that this
was the Cuyahoga, but we agree with Col. Whittlesey,
the author of the Early History of Cleveland, in think-
ing that it was much more probably the "Cheraga,"
as the Grand river was then called, according to the
old maps; a name which haa since become Geauga.
Major Rogers, in his journal, gave the distances which
he sailed nearly every day, and these, as stated after
he left Presqu'Isle (Erie), would bring him just about
to Grand river. "Chogage" is much more like
Chei-aga than it is like Cuyahoga or Canahogue, and
as the Cuyahoga river was one of the best known
streams ih'the western country, and was laid down

ENGLISH DOMINION.

on all the maps of this region, it is certainly strange
if Major Eogera, a man of marked intelligence, did not
know its name and location.

At this point Eogers met a band of Attawawa {Ot-
tawa) Indians, just arrived from Detroit. In Rogers'
"Journal," published in 1765, nothing is said of Pon-
tiac or any other celebrated chief as being present on
this occasion, but in his " Concise Account of the
War," also published in 1765, it is stated that Pontiac
was the leader of the party and that he haughtily
forbade the English from proceeding. Rogers was a
good deal of an adventurer, and some have imagined
that after Pontiac became celebrated the major added
the account of their meeting to give interest to his
story. It is, however, one of those discrepancies
which indicate truth rather than falsehood. If Major
Rogers had interpolated the, account of Pontiac, he
would have carefully made his two books harmonize
on that point; they being both, as we have said, pub-
lished in the same year. It has been suggested that,
as the Cuyahoga was the eastern boundary of Ponti-
ac's territory, he would not have halted Rogers at
Grand river. But it should always be remembered
that Indian boundaries are not as clearly defined as
those of the white man; and though the Cuyahoga was
generally considered the boundary between the Iro-
quois and the western Indians, yet the old maps show
an Ottawa village on the east side of that stream, in
the present township of Independence; so it may well
be that the haughty Pontiac claimed as far east as
Grand river or even farther. We may add that the
great authority of Parkman is decidedly in favor of
the credibility of Rogers' account.

According to that account the first delegation of
Indians informed the major that the great chief,
Pontiac, was not far off, and requested him to wait
until that dignitary could see " with his own eyes"
the Anglo-American commander. Accordingly Pon-
tiac soon met Rogers, demanded his business, and
asked him how he dared to enter that country without
his, Pontiac's, permission. Rogers acswei-ed that he
had no design against the Indians, but should remove
the French, the common enemy of both the whites
and the Indians, at the same time giving a belt of
wampum. Pontiac said:

"I stand in the patli you travel in until to-morrow
morning ;" thus forbidding the Americans to proceed,
and emphasizing the command by the presentation of
a wampum belt. Rogers continues:

"When he departed for the night he inquired
whether I wanted anything that his country afforded,
and he would send for it. I assured him that any
provisions they brought should be paid for, and the
next day we were supplied by them with several bags
of parched corn and some other necessaries. At onr_
second mjeetjng he gave me the pipe of peace, and
both of u« hy turns smoked with it, and he assured
me he had made peace with me and my detachment;
that I migb* pas* Ma-ough his country unmolested,
and relieve th« French garrison, and that he would

protect me and my party from any insults that might
be offered or intended by Indians; and as an earnest
of his friendship he sent a hundred warriors to pro-
tect and assist us in driving a hundred fat cattle,
which we had brought for the use of the detachment
from Pittsburg by the way of Presqu' Isle [Erie].
He likewise sent to the Indian towns on the south
side and west end of Lake Erie, to inform them that
I had his consent to come into the country. He at-
tended me constantly after this interview till I ar-
rived at Detroit, and while I remained in the country,
and was the means of preserving the detachment
from the fury of the Indians, who had assembled at
the mouth of the strait, with an intent to cut us off.
I had several conferences with him, in which he dis-
played great strength of judgment and a thirst after
knowledge."

Rogers was detained at "Chogage" by contrary
winds until the 12th of November, when he made a
run, which he estimated at forty-one miles, to "Elk
river." This was probably Rocky river, though the
old maps show Elk river east of the Cuyahoga. Those
maps were made from vague reports, and though they
showed the names of the principal streams they fre-
quently confused the localities. The distance from
" Chogage" (Cheraga, Geauga or Grand river) was so
great that Rogers' next stopping place could not pos-
sibly have been Chagrin river, and the Cuyahoga was
too well known to be mistaken. From Rocky river
the adventurous major, with his battalion of daring
partisans, seasoned in a score of desperate conflicts
with the savages, proceeded up the lake to remove the
principal emblem of French dominion in the iipper-
lake region, while the Ottawa chiefs, preserving their
friendly demeanor, continued in the somewhat un-
wonted task of escorting the detachment which drove
the cattle along the shore.

Rogers reached Detroit in safety, and took posses-
sion of it in the name of King George the Second,
and for a time it seemed as if all the tribes of the
West were willing to acknowledge the supremacy of
the British. The next year Sir William Johnson
went to Detroit, to aid in attaching the western In-
dians to the English crown by the same arts by which
he had gained such a powerful influence over the
Iroquois. He returned by the south side of the lake,
(which seems to have been a favorite route, although
the one along the north side was the shortest), and
mentions his preparations to stop at the Cuyahoga;
showing, as before stated, that that was a well known
point.

It was in 1762, as near as can be ascertained, that
the first British vessel sailed upon Lake Erie; a
schooner called the "Gladwyn," designed to carry
supplies to the posts on the upper lakes.

Meanwhile the western Indians, including per-
haps some of the westernmost tribes of the Iroquois,
had been all the while growing more hostile to the
English, partly on account of jjheir attachment to the
defeated Fi'ench, partly from jealousy of the rapid

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

progress of the English, and partly, probably, from
disgust at the haughty ways of the conquerors, never
as adroit as the French in the management of bar-
barous tribes. A wide-spreading conspiracy was
skillfully organized by Pontiac, which in the spring
of 1763 developed itself in simultaneous attacks on
all the principal English posts.

While that able though ferocious leader fiercely
assaulted Detroit with his Ottaioas, other tribes came
hurrying down the lake to attempt the capture of
Fort Pitt, and still others united with the Senecas in
besieging Fort Niagara. But, though nine smaller
posts were surprised and their garrisons massacred,
the three just named withstood all the attempts of
their foes. In the summer Major Rogers, who had
returned east, was again sent up the lake with a de-
tachment of provincials, to aid the garrison of De-
troit. Pontiac still maintained the siege, and in the
autumn another force of some six hundred regulars,
under Major Wilkins, proceeded to the relief of the
beleaguered post. This force was wrecked on their
way up, the artillery was lost, seventy-three oiBcers
and men were drowned, and the remainder returned
to Fort Niagara.

It has been strenuously argued that this mishap
occurred near Rocky river, in this county, but after
a careful examination of the facts, we have no hesita-
. tion in deciding that it was on the north shore of the
lake. The place mentioned in contemporary records
as being the scene of the disaster was "Point aux
Pins" (Point of Pines), a well known locality in the
district of Kent, Canada West, which is mentioned
on several of the old maps by the same appellation.
Besides, if Bradstreet's disaster, which occurred the
next year at that point, had been at the same place
as that which befell Wilkins, some of the contempo-
rary writers would undoubtedly have said so.

Pontiac finally raised the siege of Detroit, but still
maintained a hostile attitude toward the English.
In the spring of 1764 it was determined to send a
sutiicient force up the lake to awe the western Indians
into subjection. Tliis expedition was placed under
the command of Colonel (commonly called General)
Bradstreet, a native of Massaeliusetts, who had been
quartermaster-general of the Northern army in several
of its most important campaigns, and who was gen-
erally considered one of the ablest and most enterpris-
ing officers in the service.

After a long halt at Fort Niagara, to compel the
adhesion of the reluctant Senecas, the command came
up the lake, reaching the borders of Cuyahoga coun-
ty in August.

Colonel Bradstreet commanded the largest force of
white men which had yet appeared on Lake Erie, be-
sides a considerable number of Indians. They made
a gay and formidable appearance as they swept up
the lake, the white men in their great, open bateaux,
holding forty or fifty men each, with sails spread to
catch the favoring breeze; the red men in a cloud of
light canoes, each burdened with but three or four

warriors, and swiftly propelled through the water by
the paddles of its inmates.

It was one of those motley but picturesque bands, so
common in those early wars, which harmonized well
with the wilderness through which they were often
called to pass, and it presented more to interest the
eye and the imagination than might a far larger and
better disciplined army. Three hundred and fifty of
the number were veteran soldiers of the seventeenth
and fifty-fifth regiments of British regulars, clad in
their brilliant, scarlet uniforms, ofiicered by the eliie
of the aristocracy, and trained to obey every word of
command with more than religious zeal.

Beside them were three battalions of provincial
troops from New York, New Jei'sey and Connecticut,
numbering nearly eight hundred in all, less brilliantly
clad and less rigidly disciplined than their English
companions, but by no means to be confounded with
ordinary militiamen. Nearly all of them had seen
hard service in the many campaigns of the previous
ten years, had shown themselves no unworthy foes of
the soldiers of King Louis, and in combats with
the Indians were more than equal to the red-coated
musketeers of England. At the head of the Connect-
icut battalion was that sturdy farmer-soldier, then a
little over forty years of age, already renowned as one
of the most valiant Indian-fighters on the continent,
the companion or rival of Rogers in half a dozen
desperate campaigns, and afterwards destined to still
wider fame as Major General Israel Putman, of the
army of the Revolution.

Besides these soldiers of Caucasian blood, the water
was covered by a swarm of bark canoes, where gleamed
beneath the August sun the knives, the tomahawks
and the naked, copper- colored bodies of a thousand
warriors, gathered from nearly all the tribes of the
east to aid in the subjugation of their contumacious
western brethren. Here were Mohawks, Oneidas,
Onondagas, Cayugas, Tuscaroras, Conawagas, Nan-
ticoTces, Stoclcbridges, Oquagas, and even a few Otta-
was from Canada, ready to make war on their coun-
trymen and their great chieftain, Pontiac. The
largest body, however, from any tribe was composed
of three hundred scowling Senecas, who had only
been persuaded to join by the mingled threats of
Bradstreet and persuasions of Sir William Johnson
(who had accompanied the expedition as far as Fort
Niagara), and who had only the previous year per-
petrated the terrible massacre of the "Devil's Hole,"
on the bank of the Niagara, when nearly a hundred
English soldiers were surprised and slain in a few
terrible moments. They could hardly have been very
reliable allies of the British, and were probably re-
quired to accompany the expedition rather as hostages
for their brethren at home than for any other pur-
pose.

Colonel Bradstreet, as has before been stated, had
been considered one of the very ablest and most en-
terprising commanders in the service durino- the
French war, but he was singularly unfortunate

ENGLISH DOMINION.

throughout this expedition. He was believed to have
been deceived by a treaty he made with the Indians
at Presqu' Isle. When he readied Sandusky bay he
could neither persuade the hostile Indians of the
Scioto plains to come to him and make a treaty, nor
could he, for lack of transportation, go to them and
conquer them. He next proceeded to Detroit, where
perhaps the appearance of so large a force had a good
effect on the lingering followers of Pontiac, and then
returned to Sandusky bay.

On the 18th of October he re-embarked his men to
return east, refusing to wait even a few hours for
some who were absent from" camp. Within a day or
two after leaving Sandusky bay the boats were drawn
up at night along an open beach, on which the men
made their bivouac. During the night a storm arose,
drove the boats ashore, destroyed a large portion of
them, and caused the loss of a great part of the pro-
visions and ammunition.

The locality of this disaster was, beyond all reason-
able doubt, at "McMahon's beach," in the town of
Eockport, in this county, stretching from one to three
miles west of Eocky river, and being from eight to
ten miles west of Cleveland. The description of the
locality corresponds with that given in contemporary
accounts, though these are not very definite, and
moreover there have been an immense number of
military relics found in that vicinity which could not
have come from any other source than Bradstreet's
unfortunate flotilla. The principal of these relics are
described in an elaborate paper by the late Dr. J. P.
Kirtland, which is published entire in Colonel Whit-
tlesey's History of Cleveland, and of which we avail
ourselves liberally and thankfully in this chapter.

Some have attributed the disaster to the obstinacy
of Bradstreet, who insisted on drawing up his boats
opposite tlie beach and lauding there, in opposition
to the protests of his more experienced officers. Sir
William Johnson, in a letter to General Gage, im-
putes the misfortune to Bradstreet's relying on a
French pilot, of Detroit, who was suspected of betray-
ing an English officer— Captain Dalzell — into an In-
dian ambuscade the year before. The man may have
been treacherous, but the fact is hardly proven by
his failing to navigate Lake Erie with a fleet of ba-
teaux and canoes. The wonder is that so many of
those old navigators in such vessels escaped destruc-
tion.

Parkman's account says the storm raged three
days, but some part of this had probably spent its
force before the flotilla drew up opposite McMahon's
beach. If it liad been beaten against the land during
that period, there would hardly have been a single
boat left. As it was, twenty-five bateaux (half of
the whole number) were destroyed, and most of the
ammunition and baggage was lost.

Bradstreet proceeded to make the best arrange-
ments he could for continuing his return home. His
six brass field-pieces were buried on the shore, as Sir
William complained, " in the sight of ye French vil-

lain," who, he feared, would cause them to be dug
up by the Indians and used against Detroit. The re-
maining boats being too few to carry all the men,
the commandant directed a hundred- and seventy
rangers, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
Putnam, to march along the shore of the lake and
river to Fort Niagara, while the main body of the
army proceeded by boat to the same place.

Among the numerous relics described by Dr. Kirt-
land, interesting of themselves, and also as proving
beyond doubt the locality of Bradstreet's disaster, we
will mention the following ; some being found at Mc-
Mahon's beach, and some in the immediate vicinity
of Eocicy river, a mile or two farther down. The
discovery of these at the latter point led Dr. Potter to
believe that Major Wilkins' expedition was wrecked
there, but, as before stated, there is no reasonable
doubt but what that disaster occurred on the north
shore of Lake Erie, and it is of course probable in the
highest degi-ee that some of Bradstreet's boats would
be carried down to the mouth of the river before they
broke up.

An elaborately finished sword was thrown on the
beach fronting the right bank of Eocky river in 1820,
whicb was picked up by Orin Joiner, a member of
the family of Datus Kelley. The top of the hilt was
a large lion's head of pure silver, of which metal the
guard was also composed. The silver was melted
down by a Cleveland goldsmith to whom the sword
was sold. Dr. Potter supposes the lion's head to
have been an ensign of the naval service, but the de-
tailed report of the forces employed on the expedi-
tion does not show that any belonged to the navy.
There were seventy-four "bateau-men," but these
were landsmen hired by Bradstreet, and organized in
a corps to navigate the vessels from which they took
their name.

In 1843, the bow-stem of a large bateau was thrown
upon the beach, after a storm which tore up the sand-
bank that extends from the east side of the mouth of
the river into the lake. The wood was thoroughly
water-soaked and partly covered with acjuatic moss,
the irons were deeply rusted, and the whole had evi-
dently been long imbedded in the sand. Numerous
pieces of muskets, bayonets, guns, flints, etc., were
also brought to the surface of the sand-bank, or
thrown on shore, by the same storm. Mr. Frederick
Wright drew in six bayonets with his seine in one
night, a short time afterwards.

At the mouth of "McMahon's run" the irons and
the remnants of a bateau were found by the first
settlers of the township. Several years later two
six-pound cannon-balls and a number of musket-balls
became exposed by the action of the lake at the foot
of a clay cliS at the west end of the bottom-lands.
This is supposed to have been the place where Brad-
street buried his cannon and ammunition.

About 1831, a young daughter of Datus Kelley
found in the sand of McMahon's beach a silver spoon
of heavy make and coarse workmanship, evidently

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

dating from the last century. It doubtless belonged
to one of Bradstreet's officers, as did also another
of the same description, found by Oscar Taylor in
1851. Numerous bayonets and pieces of muskets
were also thrown by the surf upon the beach, which
were collected by the families of Governor Wood and
Colonel Merwin.

Of still greater interest is a bayonet which remained
until its discovery, some twenty years ago, imbedded
in the blue clay of the bank of a gully on the farm of
Colonel Merwin, where it had evidently been driven
to its base by a soldier, to helj^ himself and his com-
rades up the steep ascent. On the upland just above
the beach, the early settlers found a stack of bayonets
covered with soil and vegetation, just as they had been
piled by a squad of tired soldiers 'after they had as-
cended the bank.

We are able, too, to follow the track of Putnam and
his men for a short distance, with reasonable certainty,
as they started on their tedious journey through the
forest. They appear to have followed a ridge leading
from the vicinity of McMahon's beach to the crossing
of Rocky river, near the plank-road bridge. On this
ridge, near the residence of Frederick Wright, one of
the soldiers threw down nearly a peck of gun-flints,
which were found there sixteen or eighteen years ago
by the gentleman just named. By their being aban-
doned so early on the journey, it is probable that it
was done by Putnam's order, who foresaw that his
men were less likely to run out of flints than they
were to fail in strength on the wearisome march.

Farther cast, along the ridge, a silver teaspoon, re-
sembling those already mentioned, was found at the
first plowing of the grovxnd afterwards occupied by
the orchard of John Williams. Still farther on, in
the garden of the Patchen Inn, Mr. Silverthorn in
1863 found three or four dollars in small silver
pieces, of French and English coinage, all of earlier
date than 1764. It is difiicult to account for them
except on the theory that one of Putnam's officers or
men threw ofE some article of clothing there, and in
his fatigue and perplexity neglected to remove this
money from the pockets. Iq 186.3, Mr. P. A. Delford
also discovered, near the plank-road gate, two copper
pennies, bearing the date of 1749 and the face of
George the Second.

In this account we have not only followed the de-
scription given by Dr. Potter, (condensing it to some
exteat), but have adopted his views in regard to the
course of events thus far, except as to the wreck of
Major Wilkin's expedition. We have more doubts,
however, as to his theory that the contents of a mound
in that vicinity were the bones of Bradstreet's soldiers,
drowned in the disaster of October, 1764. All the
contemporary reports say that no lives were lost, and
this corresponds with the usual account of the event,
according to which the boats were drawn up along
the shore and the men landed, and then the storm
destroyed the boats. This would certainly give the
men a chance to escape, and there is no reasonable

doubt that they did escape. Dr. Potter notices a
memorandum that " the losses of officers and men by
the wreck was made the subject of legislative action,"
and thence conclndes that many were drowned; but
this statement evidently refers to the "losses" of
property by the officers and men. Othei'wise the
word "loss" would have been used.

The mound in question was located a hundred and
fifty feet east of the plank-road bridge across Rocky
river, being, when the land was cleared, about a rod
square and rising two or three feet above the adjacent
ground. The covering was so thin that the bones
could easily be reached by a spade, and many bones
were scattered about the surface. About 1850 Mr.
Worden attempted to plow through it, but found so
many bones, and especially skulls, that he desisted.
Mr. Eaton, who again plowed into the mound in
1861, brought to Dr. Potter two bushels of bones, in-
cluding a dozen craniums, and there was a large
amount left; the skeletons being piled in tiers on top of
each other, and the bottom of the collection being two
or three feet below the surface. Certainly, if so large
a number of Bradstreet's soldiers had perished and been
buried there, some of the numerous reports regarding
that expedition would have said something about them.
It is almost needless to add that white people do not
bury their dead on the top of the ground, and heap
up a thin covering of earth into a mound above them,
especially when there was no greater reason for haste
than there was then.

Dr. Potter states that he explored the grave to the
bottom; that the skeletons were all those of adult
males; that he found several Indian relics among
them; that he and "one of the most perfect craniolo-
gists of our country," pronounced the skulls to be
those of Anglo-Saxons, except one, which he believed
to be that of an Indian — adding, however, that he
might be in error, and that "all may be Anglo-Saxon."
But if such errors could be made, then all may have
been Indian, which they probably were, judging from
the character of the mound, the articles found in it,
and the fact that there is no evidence that any such
number of white people ever died in that vicinity
previous to the present century.

On the 32nd of October Bradstreet camped at
Grand river; so that he probably left Rocky river that
morning. He arrived with the main army at Fort
Niagara on the 4th of November, and proceeded
thence to Oswego and Albany. Nothing is known of
Putman and his gallant band after they plunged into
the forest at Rocky river save that they, too, in time
made their way to Fort Niagara, though after suffer-
ing numerous hardships. It was not until the latter
part of December that the last of the provincials
reached their homes.

In May, 1765, the schooner "Victory" was sent to
get the cannon left by Bradstreet near " Riviere aux
Roches" (Rocky river), but was prevented by bad
weather. As the authorities were evidently desirous
to obtain them, there is every reason to suppose they

ENGLISH DOMINION.

did so, though there is no direct evidence to that
effect; for certainly there must have been plenty of
weather during the season when half a dozen light
field-pieces could be loaded on to a schooner.

For many years after these events very little oc-
curred within the territory of Cuyahoga county re-
quiring the notice of history. The Iroquois used it
as a hunting-ground, and their war parties occasion-
ally made excursions over it, or coasted along its bor-
ders, to attack those whom they chose to consider
their enemies living farther west, but very rarely, if
ever, did the latter venture to return their visits and
assail the flei'ce confederates of New York.

Detachments of British soldiers also occasionally
passed by here on their way to or from the upper
posts. The freight of the lake consisted of supplies
for the military posts, goods to trade with the Indians
and furs received in return. It was carried almost
entirely in open boats, or bateaux, similar to those
which bore the commands of Rogers and Bradstreet;
some of them going on the north side and some on
the south side of the lake. Of course the navigation
was very dangerous, and many were the hardships at-
tending the traffic. The New York Gazette in Feb-
ruary, 1770, informed its readers that several boats
had been lost in crossing Lake Erie, and that the dis-
tress of the crews was so great that they were obliged
to keep two human bodies, found on the north shore,
so as to kill for food the ravens and eagles which came
to feed upon the corpses. Certainly a most startling
picture of the terrors attending the early commercial
operations on Lake Erie.

In 1774 an act of Parliament declared the whole
territory northwest of the Ohio to be a part of tlie
province of Quebec, though without prejudice to the
rights of other colonies. Lord Dunmore, the royal
governor of Virginia, however, declared the act to be
in derogation of the rights of his province, and pro-
ceeded to grant large tracts of land northwest of the
Ohio. For other reasons the patriot leaders of the
colonics were strongly opposed to a law which traiis-
ferred the whole Northwest to a province which had
no constitutional government, and was arbitrarily
ruled by the crown.

. This was the period of "Lord Dunmore's War," in
which the Indians occupying the present territory of
Ohio, western Pennsylvania and western Virginia,
under the lead of the celebrated Logan, were defeated
by the Virginians at Point Pleasant, at the mouth of
the Kanawha. It does not appear to have changed
in any respect the condition of affairs on the shores
of Lake Brie.

The next year the Revolution broke out, but this
locality was too far from the frontier to be the scene
of any portion of that conflict. The nearest Ameri-
can settlement was at Pittsburg, the village which
had grown up around Fort Pitt, distant about a hun-

dred and twenty miles in a straight line from the
mouth of the Cuyahoga. Many of the western In-
dians, however, were persuaded to take arms in favor
of the British, mainly by persuasion of the Frencli
leaders whom they had long been accustomed to ad-
mire, and to follow, and who were employed by the
English for that purpose. War parties accordingly
frequently passed down the lake; some going on to
join the English forces in Canada — others turning off
at the Cuyahoga and going up its valley, whence
they made their stealthy way to the Ohio and struck
bloody blows a^ the settlers around Pittsburg. The
inspiration of these expeditions came from the Brit-
ish post at Detroit, whence the Indians received arms,
ammunition and presents of various kinds, to encour-
age them to continue in their bloody work.

So numerous did these outrages become that in 1778
an expedition was projected against Detroit, intended
to break up the nest where so many murders were
hatched. As preliminary to this a force was sent out
from Pittsburg against the Sandusky Indians, but
it only went as far as the present county of Tuscara-
was, where Porb Laurens was built, but abandoned the
next year. Tlie expedition against Detroit was given
up. Other attacks upon the hostile Indians were
made nearly every year.

In 1782 occurred the celebrated murder of about
a hundred peaceable Moravian Indians in the teri'i-
tory of Tuscarawas county, by a force of frontier
militia under Colonel Williamson. After this shock-
ing event the hostile Indians became more bitter than
ever, and many who had previously been neutral now
united with the infuriated friends of the murdered
Moravians.

Meanwhile the English had been taught by a score
of defeats that they could not conquer America, and
in 1782 commissioners met iu Paris to consider the
terms of peace. One of the most important ques-
tions was that of the boundary between the British
provinces and the United States. Commissioner Os-
wald, one of the representatives of Great Britain,
proposed the Ohio river as the boundary line; claim-
ing the northwestern territory as part of the province
of Quebec under the law of 1774. This proposition
was also secretly favored by Vergcnnes, the French
minister. It was vehemently opposed by the Ameri-
can commissioners, headed by John Adams, and the
line was finally fixed in the middle of the great lakes
and their connecting rivers. The definite treaty of
peace, recognizing the independence of the United
States, was signed in the fore part of 1783, and all
this region ceased by law to be under English do-
minion.

It will be seen that unquestioned British authority
over the territory of Cuyahoga county only lasted from
the surrender of Canada in 1760 to the peace of Paris
in 1783 — twenty-three years.

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER VI.

THE PEKIOD PKOM 1783 TO 1794

Dttention of Western Posts by the Briti h— Dissensions Among the
States About the Northwest— Origin of Conflicting Claims— The Fii-st
English Charter— The Second Charter for Vh-ginia^The Plymouth
Charter— Annulment of the Virginia Charter— Grant of Massachu-
setts by the Plymouth Company- -Grant of Connecticut to Earl Wai'-
wick by the same Company —Its Boundaries— Its Conveyance to Lord
Say and Seal, Lord Brooke and others— The New Yorlc Claim— Views
of Che States without Claims -New York first cedes her Claim to the
United States— Virginia follows— Also Massachusetts- Connecticut
cedes her Claun to all but the Western Reserve— The Indian "Right
of Occupancy "—The Ii-oquois cede all East of the Cuyahoga— Treaty
with the Wyandots, Delawares and others— First Trade from Pitts-
burg—Primitive Engineering— Firat House in Cleveland— The Mora-
vians in Cuyahoga County— Outline of their Past History — Their Con,
version — Their Peaceful Conduct — The Massacre— Wandering of the
Survivors — They arrive at the Mouth of the Cuyahoga — Locate in the
present Independence— Call their New Home Pilgeri-uh— Their Course
dui-ing the Year — Speech of an Apostate— Connecticut attempts to
sell the Reserve— Wreck of the "Beaver"— The Crew winter on the
Site of Cleveland — The Moravians Leave the County — Their Subse-
quent Fortunes— Organization of the Northwestern Territory — Form-
ation of Washington County — Another Indian Treaty — An old French
Trader— Defeat of Harmar and St. Clair— Conveyance of the " Fire-
Lands " — Wayne's Victory and Treaty •-

On the conclusion of the treaty of peace the
Americans expected, of course, to take immediate
possession of the posts previously held by the British,
lying south of the boundary line. The English
government, however, refused to give them up, giv-
ing as an excuse the alleged unfair conduct of some
of the States regarding debts owed by their citizens
to British subjects. The posts at Fort Niagara, at
D(3troit and on the Sandusky .river were thus re-
tained. The Indians naturally looked on their pos-
sessors its the great men of the lake region, and thus
the English maintained a predominant influence over
this part of the country many years after any sem-
blance of legal title had passed away.

Meanwhile, even during the Revolution, dissensions
had arisen between the States regarding the owner-
ship of the vast country lying between the Alle-
ganies, the great lakes and the Mississippi. Several
of the States had conflicting claims, based on royal
charters or other grounds, while those who had no
such claims insisted that that unoccupied territory
ought to belong to all the States in common, since it
had been rescued from the power of Great Britain by
their united efforts. We will endeavor to give a brief
sketch of the principal j)reteusions put forth by the
States, so far as they relate to this locality. An elabo-
rate account of them all, with all their ramifications,
would require a volume.

In 1606, K.ng James the First granted a charter
to certain noblemen, gentlemen and merchants of
England, conveying to them all the eastern sea-coast
of North America, between the thirty-fourth and
forty-fifth degrees of north latitude; that portion
between the thirty-fourth and thirty-eighth degrees
being granted to a company resident in London
and vicinity, and that between the forty-first and
forty-fifth degrees to a company resident in the west of
England, while both had the privilege of establishing
colonies between the thirty-eighth and forty-first de-
grees, and of __ occupying the land for fifty miles

each way along the coast from the point of settle-
ment, and fifty miles back. The western company
failed to establish a colony in the territory granted
to it. The London company, with great difficulty,
succeeded in planting one in Virginia.

So, in 1609, King James gave a new charter to the
Loudon company, under the title of "The Treasurer
and Company of Adventurers and Planters of the
City of London for the first colony of Virginia." In
this charter his majesty granted to the company all
Virginia, from Old Point Comfort, at the outlet of
Chesapeake bay, two hundred miles northward and
the same distance southward along the coast, "and
all up into the mainland throughout, from sea to sea,
west and northwest." It was on this charter, and
this alone, that Virginia afterwards claimed the great
northwestern territory, giving the terms "west and
northwest" the widest range of whicJi they were
capable.

In 1620, King James gave a charter to the "Second
Colony of Virginia," commonly called the Plymouth
Company, comprising all the territory between the
fortieth and forty-eighth degrees of north latitude,
under the title of New England, granting it to them
" in length of and within all the breadth aforesaid,
throughout all the mainlands, from sea to sea,
together with all the firm lands, etc., upon the main,
and within the said islands and seas adjoining," pro-
vided it was not actually possessed by any Christian
prince or State.

In 1634 the charter of the London or First Virginia
company, covering Virginia proper, was set aside and
declared void by the English courts, under a writ of
quo ivarranto, on account of the misconduct or neg-
lect of the proprietors. The next year King Charles
the First declared that the territory previously cov-
ered by the forfeited charter should thenceforth be
dependent on him, and it was treated and considered
as a royal government; the right of granting vacant
lands being vested in the crown. Maryland, Dela-
ware, North Carolina, South Carolina and parts of
Pennsylvania and Georgia were afterwards formed
out of the territory covered by the forfeited charter,
without any protest on the part of the people or gov-
ernment of Virginia.

In 1628 the council of Plymouth, in whom, as
before stated, had been vested the title of New Eng-
land, granted to Governor Endicott and others all the
lands from three miles north of the Merrimac river to
three miles south of Massachusetts Bay, extending
west "from sea to sea," except lands occupied by any
foreign prince or State. This became the province
of Massachusetts bay, which claimed a territory about
seventy miles wide and four thousand miles long,
running from the Atlantic to the Pacific. As^ how-
ever, the strip in question would all go north of
Cuyahoga county, we need giye no farther attention
to it.

In 1630 the council of Plymouth also conveyed to its
president, Robert, Earl of Warwick, the territory em-

THE PEMOD FROM 1783 TO .1794.

braced inthe following description : "All that part of
New England in America which lies and extends itself
from a river there called NaiTagansett river, the space
of forty leagues upon a straight line near the sea shore,
towards southwest, west and by south, or west, as the
coast lieth, towai'ds Virginia, accounting three English
miles to the league; all and singular, the lands and
hereditaments whatsoever, lying and being within the
bounds aforesaid, north and south, in latitude and
breadth, and in length and longitude, and within all
the breadth aforesaid, throughout all the main lands
there, from the Western ocean to the South Seas."

In 1631, the territory thus diabolically described
was conveyed by the Earl of Warwick to Lord Brooke
and Lord Say and Seal, and their associates, who be-
came the founders of Connecticut. It was on the
ground of the above grant that Connecticut after-
wards claimed the northern part of Ohio, and really,
considering the extraordinarily puzzling nature of the
description just given, we see no reason why that
State should not have claimed all North America by
the same title. The northern limit of Connecticut
was, however, fixed by the English authorities at
forty-two degrees and two minutes, and the southei-n
one at forty-one degrees north latitude, and we believe
the officials of the colony and' State translated the
unintelligible lingo of Earl Warwick's deed to mean
that those noi'thern and southern limits should be
extended westward to the Pacific ocean.

The deed to Earl Warwick and the subsequent
charter confirming Connecticut in its political powers
were never annulled nor forfeited, and were the foun-
dation of Connecticut's claim, not only to northern
Ohio, but to the celebrated Wyoming valley in Penn-
sylvania, where many bitter and even bloody contests
took place before the Revolution, between the factions
of the two States just named.

Moreover, New York had a claim to northwestern
Ohio nearly as good as that of Connecticut, and much
better than that of Virginia. The nations of Indians
who resided on the frontiers of its settlement, were
always considered as particularly pertaining to her
jurisdiction, and her colonial assembly had frequently
been at considerable expense in keeping a commis-
sioner among them and conciliating their good will.
The State, therefore, claimed a pre-emptive title to
their lands, and insisted that those lands reverted to
her after they were forfeited by the hostility of the
Irequois during the Revolution. But it was generally
admitted that the Iroquois lands extended to the
Cuyahoga river; consequently New York asserted
her title thus far west, as the successor of those
tribes.

The claims of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Vir-
ginia were all interfered with by the actual possession
established by the French and Dutch, but when the
colonics founded by these nations were conquered by
the English, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia
insisted that the crown should make good its original
grants. But the king's ministers took no such view

of the matter; they did not, when New York was
acquired, extend the dominion of Massachusetts nor
Connecticut over it, and when the Ohio country was
acquired it was, as we have seen, made a part of the
province of Quebec.

Thus it was near the close of the Revolution nu-
merous conflicting claims wei-e put forth to the fair
land between Lake Erie and the Ohio river, which
it was easy to see would be the home of a thriving
population. But all the other States than those
named above were strongly opposed to the recogni-
tion of tliose claims. They argued, and with justice,
that not only had some of those pretensions, particu-
lai'ly those of Virginia, been long since annulled by
due course of law, but that, no matter what might
be the technical title derived from some old yellow
parchment, the valley of the Ohio and of the lakes
had actually been conquered both from France and
from Great Britain by tiie blood and treasure of all
the colonies, and that all were equally entitled to
share in the results. Maryland had been especially
active in opposing the pretensions of Virginia On this
subject, and had 'been with difficulty persuaded to
enter the old Confederation (in 1777) by the pledge
that she should be justly treated regarding the public
lands.

It was evident to every one that the only way to
settle these disputes without violence was to cede the
land west of the Alleganics, or the greater part of it,
to the Confederation, and the patriotism of the diiy
was equal to the occasion. Now York led the way,
in the forepart of 1780, by ceding to the general gov-
ernment all her claims to the territory west of a line
drawn north and south through the westernmost part
of Lake Ontario. In December of the same year,
Virginia followed with a cession of all her right to
both the soil and the jurisdiction of the whole tract
northwest of the Ohio river. These cessions were
contirmcd after the treaty of peace, and accepted by
the Congress of the Confederation. Massacluisetts
abandoned her claim to the country west of the west
boundary of New York, as defined just above, and
compromised with that State in regard to a hirge
tract east of that line.

Coriuecticut, however, being a very small State, was
naturally more tenacious than tlie others regarding
her laud. Besides, she had been engaged in a long,
bitter controversy with Pennsylvania regarding the
colony She had planted in the Wyoming valley, a con-
troversy in which much blood had been shed, and in
which the passions of tlie people of Coimecticut liad
been warmly aroused in favor of their title to the land
lying west of them, from " sea to sea." NevertJieloss,
after much negotiating, in the year 1780 she ceded to
the United States her claims to all the laud west of a
line a hundred and twenty miles west from tlie west
boundary of Pennsylvania. The tract between that
boundary and the line first mentioned she retained
for herself, and the other States seem to have acceded
to her position. The tract thus excepted from the

GENEEAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

general cession was tliencefortli known as the Connec-
ticut Western Reserved Lands, or, more briefly, as the
Western Reserve.

Meanwhile measures had been speedily taken to
obtain a cession of tlie "right of occupancy" of the In-
dians. It should be understood that in all the dealings
of Europeans with the Indians it was taken for granted
that the absolute title to bhe land — what in law is called
the fee simple — was vested in whatever European gov-
ernment could establish its power over it, by discovery,
by building forts on it, or by conquest. But, as a gen-
eral rule, tribes of Indians with whom the European
nation might be at peace were considered as having a
certain inferior title, called the right of occupancy.
So long as they refused to sell the land and remained
at peace, it was considered illegal to remove them by
force, but they were not permitted to sell to any one
except the government or colony holding the title,
unless the purchaser had obtained a grant fi"om that
government or colony. The same system prevails to
the present day; the United States claiming the title
to all the unoccupied lands within its boundaries, but
not attempting to settle any given tract until it has
first purchased the Indian "right of occupancy" — at
the same time forbidding ony one else to purchase the
Indian title.

In colonial times, and perhaps at a later day, it
would appear as if speculators and frontiersmen had
sometimes got up wars for the express purpose of
driving the Indians from their lands. But the great
confederacy of tiie warlike Iroquois was too powerful,
and too good a guard of the colony of New York
against the hostile French, to be treated in this manner,
and down to the time of the Revolution they had
hunted over their broad domain with rarely any mo-
lestation. In that contest, however, they had, in spite
of many pledges to the contrary, waged deadly and
unsparing war against the colonists, and at the treaty
of peace had been abandoned by the British withoui a
single stipulation in their favor. The United States
did not directly confiscate any portion of the laud tlie
Iroquois had claimed, but they brought such a pres-
sure to bear that the latter very well understood that
some of it must be given up.

Accordingly, at a council held at Fort Stanwix, in
1784, between commissioners of the United States
and the chiefs of the Six Nations, the latter ceded to
the former, besides a small tract in New York, all
their laud west of the west bounds of Pennsylvania
and of the Ohio river.

But Indian titles are usually very indefinite, and
notwithstanding the long established pretensions of
the Iroquois it was thought best to obtain a distinct
renunciation of the claims of the western Indians to
the same tract. In January, 1785, a treaty was made
at Fort Mcintosh, by George Rogers Clark, Richard
Butler and Arthur Lee, with those who called them-
selves the chiefs of the Wyandofs, Delmvares, Ghiji-
pewas and Ottaivas, by which tiiose tribes were placed
under the protection of the United States and a

definite boundary of their territory was established.
The boundary between the United States on the one
hand and the Wyandots and Delawares on the other,
was to begin at the mouth of the Cuyahoga river, go
up that stream to the portage and across to the Tus-
carawas; thence down to the forks of the Muskingum;
thence west to the portage of the Big Miami; thence
to the Miami of the Lakesor Omee (Maumee) ; thence
down that stream to its mouth.

The United States allotted the lands thus bounded
to the Wyandots and Delawares and to such of the
Ottawas as then dwelt there, to live and hunt on. It
was provided that no citizen of the United States
should settle on those lands, and if any did so that
the Indians might punish them as they pleased. The
claims of these tribes to all the lands east, south and
west of those above described were formally relin-
quished. It was further provided that if any Indian
should murder a citizen, his tribe should deliver him
to the nearest military post. Three military reserva-
tions were excepted from the Indian territory by the
United States, but none of them were within the pre-
sent county of Cuyahoga.

The territory of Cuyahoga county was thus, for the
time being, divided by the Cuyahoga river into two
sections; the western section being devoted to Indian
occupancy, while the eastern part was intended for the
home of Caucasian civilization. It was not, however,
occupied for some time afterwards, on account of its
distance from the settlements already established.

Down to this time there had been only a slight trade
in Indian goods and furs, back and forth between
Pittsburg and the mouth of the Cuyahoga. In the
spring of 1786, we find the first account of any con-
siderable commercial operation between those two
points. The firm of Duncan & Wilson, of Pittsburg,
had made a contract with Caldwell & Elliott, of De-
troit, to deliver to their agent at the mouth of the
Cuyahoga a large quantity of flour and bacon. In
May they began to forward it from Pittsburg, employ-
ing for that purpose about ninety pack-horses and
thirty men. Mr. James Hillman, (afterwards known
as Col. Hillman, of Youngstown,) was one of the men
employed, and has given an interesting account of
the transaction in a letter published in Col. Whittle-
sey's Early History of Cleveland.

The long train of burdened animals followed the
great Indian trail, leading from Pittsburg to the
Sandusky, as far as " Standing Stone," on the Cuya-
hoga, near the present village of Franklin, passing
thence along a smaller trail to the mouth of Tinker's
creek, in the present town of Independence in this
county. There the train forded the Cuyahoga and
proceeded down the west side, passing a small log
house, which a trader named Maginnis had lately left.
At the mouth of the Cuyahoga the men found an
Englishman named Hawder, sent thither by Caldwell
and Elliott to receive the freight, Avho had put up a
tent in which he resided. No one else was at the
mouth of the river.

THE PERIOD FROM 1783 TO 1794.

As the freight was delivered, it was forwarded by
the sail-boat " Mackinaw" to Detroit. The mouth
of the Cuyahoga was then where it is remembered to
have been by old residents before the opening of the
present channel; the water running through what is
now called the "old bed." There was, however, a
pond, called by the packmen "Sunfish pond," lying
still further west, and having been, apparently, a still
older bed of the river.

As the work of transportation was expected to last
all summer, the men desired to establish themselves
on the east side of the river, partly, perhaps, to get
off from Indian ground, but principally on account
of a fine spring of water which bubbled forth near
the present foot of Superior street. But it was diffi-
cult to cross the river, and to sail up it in the "Mack-
inaw" was impracticable, because the mouth was
closed by a sand-bar. It was opened by a very sim-
ple piece of engineering. The men made some wood-
en shovels, waded out upon the sand-bar, and dug a
ditch through which the water ran with sufficient
force to clear a channel navigable for the "Macki-
naw."

Having sailed up to the desired locality, they made
collars for their horses out of blanketSj and tugs out
of the raw elk-hide tent-ropes, drew together some
small logs, and built a cabin near the spring before
mentioned. This is the first house that is known
with certainty to have been erected on the site of the
city of Cleveland, though it is quite probable that
there had previously been a temporary trading-post
on one side or the other of the Cuyahoga at its mouth.

The traffic described by Mr. Hillman continued
throughout the season; six round trips being made by
the trains. We infer from the language of a letter
from Mr. Hillman, published in the Early History
of Cleveland, that some other goods besides flour
and bacon wei*e taken to the mouth of the Cuyahoga,
and that some furs were transported back to Pitts-
burg. Some of the upward-bound freight was taken
to Detroit by water and some by land.

Meanwhile, and almost simultaneously with the be-
ginning of this traffic, the first settlement was made
in Cuyahoga county by people who designed to de-
vote themselves to the arts of peace and civilization,
though most of them were not of the proud Caucas-
ian race. It was about the 7th of June, 1786, that a
weary band of travel-worn men and women ci'ossed
the western border of Cuyahoga county, and made
their way along the lake shore toward the mouth of
the Cuyahoga river. They arrived there on the 8th,
and almost at the same time a flotilla of canoes came
down the lake, with the old men and women and some
of the children belonging to the households, whose
more vigorous members had marched on shore. The
schooner " Mackinaw" had just previously brought
their heavy luggage and the most infirm of their
members.

All, save two leaders, were of unmixed Indian
blood, yet they bore upon their tawny features an

expression rarely seen among those fierce, relentless
denizens of the forest — an expression of mildness,
of patience, of resignation, lightened up only by
occasional gleams of religious enthusiasm. Their
principal leaders were two sturdy, broad-shouldered
men, with the unmistakable round, German physiog-
nomy, but whose fair Teutonic complexion had been
bronzed by long exposure almost to the aboriginal
hue. These were John Heckewelder and David Zcis-
berger, and their followers were the remnant of that
celebrated band of Moravian Indians, whose cruel
fate forms at once one of the saddest and one of the
darkest pages of American history.

Converted to Christianity by the efforts of the Mo-
ravian missionaries, they had established themselves
in the fertile valley of the Muskingum before the
Revolution, where, unmoved by the sneers of their
bi'ethren of the woods, they sought to live by agri-
culture and the chase, eschewing war, performing the
duties of their religion, and manifesting every evi-
dence of a sincere abhorrence both for the theoretical
errors and practical crimes of paganism. During the
Revolution they were objects of distrust to both par-
ties, though, so far as can be ascertained, without
cause on the part of either. As the war went on, nu-
merous outrages were committed on the frontier of
Pennsylvania by Indians, especially by Delawares,
to which tribe a large part of the Moravian Indians
had belonged. The fierce Scotch-Irish frontiersmen
were furious for revenge, and they cared little on
whom it fell. It was easy to concoct stories that the
Moravian Indians harbored and aided the marauders,
though all the circumstances showed that such was
not the case.

At the same time the pagan Indians and the British
officers insisted that the Moravians should move back
farther into the wilderness, where they could not be
of any assistance to the Americans. This they in fact
did in 1783, but a portion of them returned to the
Muskingum to take care of their crops. In the sum-
mer of that year a battalion of militia, under Col.
Williamson, marched swiftly to the Moraivian towns,
disarmed the hunters, got all of the pcojile into their
power under false pretenses, and then in cold blood
murdered the whole number — over a hundred men,
women and chddren. No more infamous ati'ocity was
ever perpetrated by the worst of those who are com-
monly called savages.

Yet those who had not returned to the Muskingum,
together with some who were at another village and
thus escaped the massacre, nearly all still adhered to
their religion. A few, only, joined the hostile Indians
and chunored fiercely for revenge — as might well be
expected. But the main body gathered sadly together
on the Sandusky, under the leadership of their de-
voted missionaries, Heckewelder and Zeisberger, and
again devoted themselves to the arts of peace and the
duties of religion. But here they were constantly
persecuted by their kinsmen, the Delawares, and
other savage Indians, and were taken under the pro-

GENERAL HLSTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

tcction of the British commander at Detroit. They
established tliemselves near that post, where tliey re-
mained until the spring of 1786. They then deter-
mined to locate themselves on the Cuyahoga, appar-
ently hoping to be allowed to establish themselves at
their old home on the Muskingum, for which they
always manifested a strong attraction. The schooners
"Beaver" and "Mackinaw," belonging to the North-
west Fur Company, were employed to bring them, but
occupied so much time on account of adverse winds
that the "Beaver" was ordered back from Sandusky.
The "Mackinaw," as has been stated, brought the lug-
gage and the infirm, wliile the rest came on foot or in
canoes, under the leadership of Heckewelder and
Zeisberger.

They pitched their camp on the site of Cleveland.
One of their number proceeded to Pittsburg to ob-
tain provisions, and Zeisberger set forth to explore
the river and find a suitable location. On the second
day he came to a lofty plateau on the west side of the
river, a little below the mouth of what is now called
u'inker's creek, where had once stood the Ollawa vil-
lage of which mention has previously been made.
There being already some partially cleared ground
here, and the locality being high and healthy, the
missionary selected it as the projjer place for his peo-
ple. The latter immediately removed their camp
thither, and began to erect huts and plant corn, ex-
pecting to go to the Muskingum after harvest. They
named their temporary abiding place Pilgerruh.

By the end of June they were, as they considered,
quite comfortably housed. Congress had voted them
five hundred bushels of corn, but it was to be deliv-
ered at Port Mcintosh in the vicinity of the Mus-
kingum valley, and thither they never went. They
were almost destitute of provisions, but they devoted
themselves assiduously to the chase, and with good
success — numerous elks being especially named as
among the victims of their skill. The man sent to
Pittsburg also returned with an order from Duncan
& Wilson, directing the agent in charge of their pack-
train to sell Zeisberger, on credit, all the flour the
Indians needed. A large quantity of goods also
arrived, which had been devoted to their use by the
Moravian churches at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, three
years before, but had failed to reach them on account
of their distant wanderings. Thus their immediate
wants were relieved, and on the 13th of August
they celebrated the Lord's Supper. But their friends
at Pittsburg assured them that they could not return
to their lands on the Muskingum without great pro-
bability of another bloody outbreak on the part of
the frontiersmen. So they concluded to remain, at
least through the winter, on the Cuyahoga.

The good missionaries were sadly troubled about
those Indians who had formerly belonged to their
congregation, but who had apostatized to paganism.
In September Zeisberger sent to the apostates some
of his most trusty converts, bearing a very pathetic
"speech," beseeching them to return; but all in vain.

Samuel Nanticoke, one of Zuisberger's delegates, met
his brother, who had apostatized, and added his own
entreaties to those of the missionary, but the son of
the forest fiercely rejected his pleadings, saying:

"By the waters of the Tuscarawas the whites
gained the end for which they strove so long. There
lie all our murdered friends. I avoid the whites and
flee from them. No man shall induce me to trust
them again. Never, while I live, will I unite with
you Christians. If your town were near, I might
perhaps visit you, but that would be all. Our fore-
fathers went to the devil, as you say, and where they
are I am content hereafter to be."

In October the houses of the Moravians, rude but
comfortable, were completed, and promised sufficient
shelter through the coming winter.

Heckewelder thereupon left the mission, with which
he had so long been connected, for the East; leaving
Zeisberger in charge, assisted by a lately arrived
brother named William Edwards. Heckewelder con-
tinued to labor as a minister until his death, many
years afterward, and was the author of a valuable
work on the Indians, from which most of these facts,
relating to the transient Moravian colony in Cuya-
hoga county, have been derived.

Zeisberger was fearful lest the Indians under his
charge should become a burden on the Moravian
mission board, and, having labored beyond his
strength to prevent it, fell seriously ill. The mission
board heard of this with deep regret, and united in
a remonstrance, urging him to draw on them for
what he might needs After their cabins were com-
pleted, the Indians labored zealously to build a
chapel, in which divine service might be held. It
was soon finished, and was consecrated on the 10th
of November.

As stated a short distance back, it was in this year
(1780) that Connecticut ceded to the Confederation
all the western lands which she claimed, except what
now constitutes the "Western Reserve." This ces-
sion was made on the 14th day of September. About
the same time the legislature of that State authorized
three of its citizens to sell all that part of the Re-
serve lying east of the Cuyahoga river and the port-
age path; that is, all to which the Indian title had
been extinguished. It was to be sold m townships of
six miles square, at not less than three New England
shillings (fifty cents) per acre. Pive hundred acres
were to be reserved in each township for the support
of ministers, and five hundred for the support of
schools. The first minister in each township was
also to receive two hundred and forty acres besides.
Until a republican government should be established
there, the law declared that the general assembly of
Connecticut should provide, for the maintenance of
order among the settlers. It was evident that that
State still claimed not only the title to the land of
the Western Reserve, but the political jurisdiction
over its inhabitants. But the land was so far from
the older settlement that no sales of any extent could

THE PERIOD FROM 1783 TO 1794.

be made, the surveys were not executed, and the
whole scheme fell to the ground.

Late in the autumn of 1786, the two schooners of
the Northwestern Fur Company, the "Beaver "and
the "Mackinaw," were coming up the lake, on their
way to Detroit. It was snowing fast when they
arrived, late in the afternoon, in the vicinity of the
Cuyahoga, and they both tried to run into that river
for shelter. Both failed. The "Beaver," com-
manded by Captain Thorn, was driven ashore near
the present foot of Willson avenue, in the city of
Cleveland; but, so far as we can judgefrom the vague
accounts which have come down to us, without loss of
life. The captain and crew of the " Mackinaw " were
not aware of the wreck of the " Beaver," and after
they had ridden out the storm sailed away to Detroit.

This was the last trip of the season, and the lake
would soon be frozen up; so Captain Thorn and his men
did not think it advisable to attempt escaping until
spring. They accordingly built a cabin on the bank of
the lake, opposite the wreck, and prepared to winter
there. There were three small brass field-pieces on
the schooner, as seems to have been the custom on the
Fur Company's vessels, which'frequently had to visit
regions which might be infested with hostile Indians.
These were taken ashore, greased, plugged uj), wrapped
in pieces of sail, and buried on the shore between the
wreck and the cabin.

From Captain Thorn's subsequent statements it ap-
pears there was then an Indian-trader by the name of
Williams at the mouth of Rocky river, from whom he
bought provisions when the stock taken from the ves-
sel ran low. Mr. Williams is mentioned in no other
account, and it is not known how long he had been
at the point mentioned. From the fact that he is not
spoken of by Mr. Hillman, who came to the mouth of
tlie Cuyahoga six times during the summer of 1780,
and would undoubtedly have heard of him if he had
then been at Rocky river, it may be presumed that
Mr. Williams did not locate there until the fall of that
year — but this is quite uncertain.

Captain Thorn also bought some provisions of the
Moravians. He and his crew remained through the
winter, but left with the opening spring. He con-
tinued to sail the lakes or to live near them all his
life. He was a Canadian, but took the side of the
United States during the war of 1812. He afterwards
resided on the St. Clair river, in Michigan, until his
death, which occurred about twenty years ago; he
being then nearly a hundred years old. He was well
known to many of the early settlers of Cleveland,
especially to Captain Allen Gaylord, from whose man-
uscript statement, preserved in the archives of the
Historical Society, the above facts are mostly ob-
tained.

Meanwhile Zeisberger and his followers were in
great perplexity as to what they should do next.
Pilgerruh was not considered a desirable residence.
They would all have been glad to return to the Mus-
kingum, but feared attacks both from frontiersmen

and hostile Indians. Their kindred Delawares of-
fered them an abiding place at Sandusky. At length
they determined to go to the mouth of Black river.
They celebrated Lent and Easter at Pilgerruh, and
then prepared for their journey.

On the 19th of April the persecuted little band as-
sembled for the last time at their chapel, and Joined
in prayer to God with hearts apparently still devoted
to their religion, notwithstanding all they had suf-
fered from those who called themselves the champions
of that faith. Their simple service being concluded,
they immediately set forth. One party went by land
under Zeisberger, while the rest entered their canoes
and followed the lead of Edwards down the river.
Ere they could reach the lake a great storm checked
their progress; so they remained to fish. The chron-
icler of their movements narrates that in one night's
work with torch and spear they obtained three hun-
dred fish of good quality, weighing from three to fif-
teen pounds each. What they did not want to eat
they dried for future use, They then proceeded to
their destination, where both jjurties arrived on the
24th and 25th of April, having dwelt in the territory
of Cuyahoga county about ton months and a half.

Their fortunes, after leaving our county,4were al-
most as sad as before. Scarcely had they reached
Black river when they were driven on to Sandusky
by the hostile Delatvares. They remained there till
1790, when, being again ordered by their jealous
kinsmen to remove into the western wilderness, they
besought the aid of the British commander, who took
them to the banks of the Thames river, in Canada.
In 1797 the lands they had occupied on the Mus-
kingum were conveyed to them by the United States,
and a part of them returned thither. These, too,
subsequently sold their lands and improvements to
the United States and returned to Canada, where
their descendants still reside.

In July, 1787, the Congress of the Confederation
passed an ordinance organizing the vast district be-
tween the Ohio, the great lakes and the Mississippi,
under the name of the "Northwestern Territory," and
providing for civil government over it. They also
elected General Arthur St. Clair as governor, together
with a secretary and three judges. The ordinance was
drawn by Nathan Dane, of Massachusetts, and pro-
vided that from all the territory thus organized slavery
should be forever excluded. Connecticut protested
against the inclusion of the Western Reserve in the
now Territory, but without effect.

It was not till the next spring (1788) that the first
white settlement was planted in the present State of
Ohio; the location being at Marietta, at the mouth of
the Muskingum. When Governor St. Clair and the
judges (in whom the temporary legislative power was
vested) arrived in the new Territory, they proceeded on
the 27th of July, 1788, to form the county of Wash-
ington, of which Marietta was made the county seat,
and which extended from the Ohio to Lake Erie, with
the Cuyahoga river and the portage path as its west-

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

eni boundary; thus embracing the eastern part of the
present county of Cuyahoga. The section thus in-
cluded was a liundred and fifty miles distant from the
county seat, at Marietta, but as no one resided liere
that was of little consequence.

In 1789 the first congress under the Federal Con-
stitution re-enacted the ordinance of 1787; "thus giv-
ing the Northwestern Territory a permanent position
in the new political arrangement.

The same year another treaty was made at Fort
Ilarmar, by which the Indians again ceded to the
United States the country west of the Cuyahoga and
the portage path.

About this period, or a little later, one Joseph Du
Chatar had a trading post on the west side of the
Cuyahoga, some nine miles above the mouth. Jean
Baptiste Fleming and Joseph Burall were with him a
part of the time. Du Chatar, then in middle age,
had been from his youth in the employ of the North-
western company, and afterwards described the mouth
of the Cuyahoga as having been one of their princi-
pal points for the sale of goods and purchase of furs.
At the time mentioned, however, he was trading for
himself.

Large profits were usually made by the early fur-
traders, but there were some serious drawbacks. At
one time Du Chatar and his companions had a sharp
confiict with some Indians over the ownership of a
rifle. At another time a number of them demanded
liquor, which Du Chatar refused to let them have,
either because they could not pay for it or because he
thought them already too well supplied. They at-
tacked his cabin, which he and his men defended with
their rifles. Some of the Indians were killed and the
rest retreated. It would seem to have been very dan-
gerous to remain in the country after that, but the
French had ways of conciliating the savages which
hardly any one else could imitate.

In 1790, the western Indians engaged in open hos-
tilities against the frontier, and General Harmar
marched against them, only to be defeated. This was
followed the next year by the defeat of Governor
St. Clair, at the head of another army. The Indians
became extremely elated, and it began to look as if
the course of western emigration was to be perma-
nently checked. Of course, under these circumstances,
there was no sale for frontier land, and the Western
Reserve remained on the hands of the State of Con-
necticut.

In 1792, that State gave five hundred thousand
acres off from the west end of the Reserve, for the
benefit of those of her citizens who had suft'ered from
the burning of their property by the British during
the Revolution. This tract was commonly called the
"Fire Lands," and has been considered as a distinct
section under that nvime ever since, although a part
of the original Western Reserve.

Meanwhile, the administration of President Wash-
ington was making constant efl'orts to conciliate the
Indians, and secure a permanent jjcace. In 1793,

General Benjamin Lincoln, Hon. Beverly Eandolph,
and Colonel Timothy Pickering, postmaster-general
of the United States, commissioners appointed by the
President, passed up the south shore of Lake Erie, on
their way to Detroit, still held by the British, to
endeavor to make a treaty with the hostile Indians.
This effort, like all the others, was in vain.

But in 1791, Mad Anthony AVayne went ont to the
West, at the head of a well appointed army, and
inflicted a terrible defeat on the horde of warriors who
ventured to confront him. Another treaty was made,
which, being authorized and sanctioned by victory,
was well observed by the red men. So far as this part
of the Territory was concerned, Wayne's treaty merely
confirmed the line in-eviously drawn along the center
of the Cuyahoga. All the eleven tribes who joined in
the treaty agreed to acknowledge the United States
aa their sole superior, and never to sell any of their
land to any one else.

CHAPTER VIL

SALE AMD SURVEY.

Connecticut sells Three Million Acres in a Body— Names of the Pur-
chasers-Formation of the Connecticut Land Company— A Deed of
Trust— The Excess Company— First Directors of the Connecticut Com-
pany-The plan of Survey and Division decided on— The first Survey
Party— Its Leaders and Surveyors— British Annoyance— A Council at
Buffalo- Arrival at Conneaut— Trouble among the Employees— How
it was Settled- Beginning of the Surveys— Gen. Cleavelaud comes to
the Cuyahoga— The First White Family— Tracing the Coast Line-
Laying off Townships- Chagrin River mistaken for the Cuyahoga—
Organization of Wayne County— Directors Impatient— Laying out of
Cleveland— A Bear in the River— The Party start east but return-
Formal Agreement to let the Surveyors have Euclid— Rough Weather
—The Return— Persons left at Cleveland- Gen. Cleaveland's subse-
quent Career— Porter's Later Life— Annual Meeting of the Land Com-
pany—Failure of the Excess Company— Alexander Henry's Claim—
The Survey Party of 1797— Its Officers, etc— It goes to the Reserve—
The Fiist Funeral— Rations tor the Survey ors- Kingsbury, Carter and
Hawley— The First Marriage— D. & G. Bryant and R. Edwards— ITorm-
ation of Jefferson County — Atwater's Adventure— Tinker's Creek—
Sickuesss— Heallh on the Ridge.

Wayne's victory and treaty caused many eyes to
turn toward the Western Reserve, as a more secure
and desirable place of residence than it had previously
been considered. At the session of 1795, the legisla-
ture of Connecticut abandoned the idea of dividing
up the Reserve in small tracts and selling it out, and
adopted a new system. A commission of eight citi-
zens was appointed, one from each county, who were
authorized to sell three million acres adjoining Penn-
sylvania for not less than one-third of a dollar per
acre; the whole to be sold before any part of it was
conveyed. The purchasers were to take all risks, and
were to receive their deeds by shares, not by acres;
being then obliged to divide the land among them-
selves as best they could.

The scheme seems to have been quite popular, and
the commission succeeded in selling the whole tract
by the first of September, 1795, at forty cents per
acre making the total amount one million two hun-
dred thousand dollars. The purchasers were Joseph

SALE AND SURVEY.

Howland, Daniel L. Coit, Elias Morgan, Caleb At-
water, Daniel Holbrook, Joseph Williams, William
Love, William Jiidd, Elisha Hyde, Uriah Tracey,
James Johnson, Samuel Mather, Jr., Ephraira Kirby,
Elijah Boardman, Uriel Holmes, Jr., Solomon Gris-
wold, Oliver Phelps, Gideon Granger, Jr., William
Hart, Henry Cliampion, 3nd, Asher Miller, Robert
0. Johnson, Ephraim Root, Nehemiah Ilnbbard, Jr.,
Solomon Cowles, Asahel Hathaway, John Caldwell,
Pcleg Sanford, Timothy Burr, Luther Loomis, Bben-
ezor King, Jr., William Lyman, John Stoddard,
David King, Moses Cleaveland, Samuel P. Lord,
Roger Newberry, Enoch Perkins, Jonathan Brace,
Ephraim Starr, Sylvanus Griswold, Joseb Stocking,
Joshua Stow, Titus Street, James Bull, Aaron Olm-
sted, John Wyles, Pierpoint Edwards.

The subscriptions were of all sizes, from one of one
thousand six hundred and eighty-three dollars, made
by Sylvanus Griswold, up to that of Oliver Phelps,
who subscribed one hundred and sixty-eight thousand
one hundred and eighty-five dollars alone, and eighty
thousand dollars in company with Gideon Granger,
Jr., but were generally in sums of from ten thou-
sand to thirty thousand dollars. Henry Champion,
3nd, was the second largest subscriber, with eighty-
five thousand six hundred and seventy-five dollars.

The committee, in behalf of the State, at once
deeded to the subscribers as many "twelve hundred
thousandths " of the whole tract, as they had sub-
scribed dollars respectively to the purchasing fund of
twelve hundred thousand dollars. The deeds were
recorded in the office of the secretary of state of
Connecticut, and subsequently in the recorder's -office
of Trumbull county, Ohio. They were of the char-
acter commonly called "quit-claim" deeds; the State
warranting nothing, but conveying all its rights,
more or less, to the purchasers. There had, at this
time, been no definite surrender of the State's political
jurisdiction over the Reserve to the general govern-
ment, (although that government had assumed juris-
diction by including the Reserve in the Northwestern
Territory), and many of the buyers supposed they
could establish a State of their own, and make such
laws as they pleased for it.

On the 5th of Septembei-, the purchasers proceeded
to organize themselves into an association called the
"Connecticut Land Company," but did not obtain
an 'act of incorporation from the State. In law they
were only a simple partnership. All the members of
this association joined in a deed of trust to Jonathan
Brace, John Caldwell and John Morgan, authorizing
them to give deeds of various tracts to the owners,
according to the division to be made by the officials
of the company. It will be understood that a large
part of the three million acres purchased was known
to be on the west side of the Cuyahoga, and it was,
therefore, known that it could not be divided until
the Indian right of occupancy was extinguished by
purchase. It was supposed, however, that there was
considerably more than three million acres in the Re-

serve, exclusive of the "Eire Lands," and several
gentlemen proposed to take the balance from the
State. They were commonly called 'the "Excess
Company," and until the land was surveyed it was
supposed they would secure a large tract.

By the articles of association, the management of
the company's concerns was intrusted to seven direc-
tors, who were instructed to proceed as rapidly as
])ossible to sell that portion of the tract east of -the
Cuyahoga. For the purpose of electing officers and
making assessments, the whole was divided into four
hundred shares of three thousand dollars each; dis-
tributed among the various projjriotors in proportion
to the amounts they had subsci'ibed. The first hoard
of directors consisted of Oliver Phelps, Henry
Champion, 3d., Moses Cleaveland, Samuel W. John-
son, Ephraim Kirby, Samuel Matlier, Jr., and Roger
Newberry.

The articles of association also provided that the
tract should be surveyed into townships five miles
square; that part east of the Cuyahoga as soon us
possible, and the rest when the Indians were bought
out. Six townships of the former portion were to be
sold to pay the general ex])enses. Four more were
to be divided into a hundred lots each, making four
hundred lots of a hundred and sixty acres each,
which were to bo conveyed to the owners of the four
hundred s'hares respectively. The remainder of the
tract east of the Cuyahoga was to be divided into
portions, of which the best township was to form the
basis; other townships to bo brought up to the standard
by dividing some of them into fractions, and adding
them to tlie rest. The part west of the river was
subsequently to be divided in the same way. Tiie
board of directors selected Gen. Moses Cleaveland, a
lawyer of Canterbury, Windham county, then about
forty years old, to act as the general agent of the
comjiaiiy and manage the surveys east of the Cuya-
hoga, which it was expected would all be completed
the next year.

During the winter of 1795-6 further preparations
were made, and in the spring of the latter year a large
surveying party was organized. General Cleaveland
was superintendent; Augustus Porter, who was a na-
tive of Connecticut but had been engaged for many
years on important surveys in western New York, was ,
the j)rincipal surveyor and deputy superintendent;
Seth Pease was astronomer and surveyor; AmosSpaf-
ford, John M. Holley, Ricluird M. Stoddard and
Moses Warren were the surveyors; Joshua Stow was
the commissary, and Dr. Theodore Shepard was the
physician of the party. There were also thirty-six
other employees, including chainmen, axenieji, cooks,
etc.

The expedition set forth in May. General Cleave-
land and most of the members came by way of Alba-
ny, Syracuse, Canandaigua,- etc., to Buffalo. Mr.
Stow, with several men, took the provisions, instru-
ments and other freight in four large boats by way
of the Oswego river, Lake Ontario and the Niagara

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

river. Oswego, like the other frontier posts, was
still in the hands of the British, and their ofiScers
seemed anxious to annoy the Americans in every
possible way. Mr. Stow applied to the commandant
at Oswego for permission to pass with his boats, but
was peremptorily refused. In vain he represented
that without the instruments and provisions' which he
had with him tlie survey party could not begin work,
and'that the greatest inconvenience would be sure to
result; the officer was inexorable.

Finally, Mr. Htow apparently gave up the contest,
and retired up the river with his boats. The first
dark night, however, the flotilla sped quietly down
the stream, glided undiscovered past the sleepy sen-
tinels, and escaped into Lake Ontario. The deten-
tion, howevei', caused the boats to be caught in a
severe storm on the lake, in which one of them was
stove u^j and another of thcQi seriously injured.
What made the affair more provoking was that both
Fort Ontario, at Oswego, and Fort Niagara, at the
moutli of the river of that name, were about to be
delivered to the United States, under the provisions
of Jay's treaty. Fort Ontario was thus surrendered
on the fourth day of July following, and Port Niag-
ara still earlier; so that when the boats of the survey
party approached the latter post the men saw with
delight the stars and stripes floating over its ramparts.

On the 31st of June the tSix Nations held'a council
at Buffalo, at which General Cleaveland was present,
togetlier with some whom the surveyors called west-
ern Indians, but whom from the circumstances we
should infer to have been Mohawks, who lived west
of Buffalo, in Canada. Notwithstanding the numer-
ous treaties by which the claims of these Indians to
the country east of the Cuyahoga were supposed to
be extinguished, they still put forth some preten-
sions to it, and it was thought better to conciliate
than to oppose them. The celebrated Josejih Brant,
or Thayendenegea, was the principal manager on the
part of the Mt Nations, and gave General Cleaveland
a "speecli" in writing, but the equally distinguished
Red Jacket was the principal orator. The council
was adjourned over the a2nd, because the chiefs in-
sisted on getting drunk.

On the 23rd, after numerous speeches on both sides,
Cleaveland agreed to give the Indians five hundred
pounds. New York currency, (11,250) in goods, as a
present, aud also agreed to use his influence to ob-
tain for them an allowance of five hundred dollars a
year from the United States; failing which the Con-
iiocticut Land Company was to give them an addi-
tional present of fifteen hundred dollars. The chiefs
on their side agreed that the Indians should not in-
terfere with the settlers on the Reserve, a stipulation
which they appear to have faithfully observed. In
fact, they could hardly avoid losing their hearts to
General Cleaveland, for, tlfter the counciling and bar-
gaining was over, he gave them two beef-cattle for a
feast, with an accom^janiment of no less than one
hundred gallons of whisky!

The expedition then proceeded in boats up the lake
to Conneaut, in the extreme northeast corner of the
Reserve, where they arrived on the 4th of July.
They celebrated the day by firing with their rifles a
"federal salute" of fifteen rounds— one for each State
then in the Union— and a sixteenth for -'New Con-
necticut.'' The Reserve was frequently spoken of by
the first settlers and surveyors as New Connecticut,
and they evidently were not exactly certain whether
it was a part of the Northwest Territory or a separate
nation of itself.

At Conneaut nearly all the surveyors and other em-
ployees manifested a very insubordinate disposition.
Amzi Atwater, himself an employee, says they muti-
nied. At all events, they manifested a strong disposi-
tion not to go on with the work unless they could
derive some compensation for it besides their wages.
At that time it was thought that the ownership of
land in "New Connecticut" was the sure road to
fortune, and the men were anxious to become pro-
prietors. General Cleaveland yielded, and informally
agreed that if the men would go on and work through
the season they should have a township of land at a
dollar an acre.

As soon as this question was settled, some of the
surveyors ran south from the northe.ast corner of the
Reserve, along the Pennsylvania line, to the forty-
first parallel, and thence west along that parallel,
making it their base line. From it, at intervals of
five miles, they ran meridians north to the lake; the
spaces between them constituting "ranges." These
were to be subdivided into townships by east and west
lines, also five miles apart. They depended entirely
on their compasses, and as that instrument is subject
to numerous variations the meridians were by no
means accurately laid down. Some of them varied as
much as half a mile from the true line before reach-
ing the lake. The early government surveyors varied
in the same manner, but they soon learned to correct
each township line, as run by the compass, by meas-
urement to the preceding one.

While the surveyors were doing the work just men-
tioned. Superintendent Cleaveland came to the mouth
of the Cuyahoga, reaching that point on the 22d of
July, 1791, and established the headquarters of the
party there. With him, among others, came Job P,
Stiles and Tabitha Cumi Stiles, his wife, for whom a
cabin was erected, and who were placed in charge of
of the company's stores at that point. This was the
first white family, and Mrs. Stiles was the first white
women, who ever resided in the present county of
Cuyahoga. Their cabin and the company's store-
house were on the low ground on the east side of the
Cuyahoga, convenient to a spring which issued from
the side of the hill. This was the same location'that
had been chosen by the freighters, in 1786, as de-
scribed by Colonel Hillman, but the slight cabiif then
erected had probably entirely disappeared, having
very likely been used for fuel by Indians or travel-
ers; at all events it is not mentioned in the notes of

SALE AND StTRVEY.

any of the surveyors. The more substantial struc-
ture, built by Captain Thorn and his crew, near the
foot of the present Willson ayenue, was still standing.

Mr. Porter, the principal surveyor, took on him-
self the difficult task of tracing the coast line, so as
to find where the west line of theEeserve would strike
Lake Erie. The other surveyors, after runuing out
the meridians, as before stated, began to run parallels
from the Pennsylvania line to the Cuyahoga. Warren
ran the line between townships six and seven (Bed-
ford and Warrensville); Pease between townships
seven and eight (Warrensville and Euclid); Spafford
and Stoddard between townships eight and nine,
(Mayfield and Willoughby); and HoUey still farther
north. Pease's line ran through the present city of
Cleveland. No one knew anything about the Cliagrin
river, and every surveyor, when he reached it in run-
ning his parallel, supposed it to be the Cuyahoga and
went down to the mouth before discovering his misr
take.

We may mention, in passing, that Wayne county
was organized by the authorities of the Northwest
Territory on the 15th of August in this yeai-, nomi-
nally embracing the whole tract from the Cuyahoga
westward and northwtu'd beyond Detroit, which place
was made the county seat. Thus the county seats
(Marietta and Detroit) of the two counties (Washing-
ton and Wayne) which then embraced tlie present
Cuyahoga were over three hundred miles apart. As
all of this county west of the river was still Indian
land, the formation of Wayne county had no practical
effect here; nor was any part of this county ever ac-
tually organized in connection with either Washington
or Wayne.

August and September passed rapidly away in the
task of surveying the various lines. Holley and Pease
left journals describing their labors, but of course
only a small portion of them were performed in Cuy-,
ahoga county, and, moreover, the mere details of the
distances and courses which they ran on successive,
days would hardly be interesting to our readers. . As
indicative of the primitive utensils employed in their
traveling kitchen, we may notice Holley's memoran-
dum that.at the Chagrin river the cook got mad because
the bark would not peel, so that he had nothing to mix
bread on, and declared that he could give the party
nothing to eat. One of the men, however, solved the
difficulty by mixing the flour in a bag, thus restoring
serenity to the cook and food to the party.

Meanwhile the board of directors at Hartford be-
came impatient to have the laud divided among the
proprietors, and on the 26 th of August wrote to
Cleaveland, constituting him. Stow, Porter and the
four other surveyors a committee to equalize and di-
vide the land east of the Cuyahoga, according to the
plan already mentioned, and urging him to accom-
plish the work that season if possible. This, how-
ever, was entirely impracticable.

It had from the first been determined by the direc-
tors to lay out one "capital town," or city, at the most

eligible place on the Reserve, the township around
which was to be cut into smaller lots than the rest of
the tract, which were to be sold to actual settlers.
The selection was doubtless left to General Cleaveland,
to be made on the ground. He selected the site at
the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Porter ran out the
streets of the embryo city, and left Holley to survey
it into lots. Only twelve streets and lanes were then
laid out, which might fairly be considered sufficient,
as there was not a solitary permanent resident of the
"city." Cleaveland bestowed his own name upon
the place, and it was forthwith dubbed the "City of
Cleaveland." The township around it, however, was
at first called "Cuyahoga town." The locality at the
mouth of the river is also sometimes mentioned in the
surveyors' minutes as "Cuyahoga," but after Septem-
ber, 1796, is always "Cleaveland."

The morning of the 21st of September the survey-
ors, to the number of about tiiirty, who had collected
at the "city," found themselves without meat, and
with only a little flour, two cheeses and some choco-
late, in the way of provisions. It would not do to start
into the woods again, nor even to wait long where
they were. While they were wondering at the non-
arrival of expected provisions from Conneaut, and
debating as to what next should be done, a shout was
heard, and a bear was discovered swimming across
the river from the west side. Instantly every man
was on his feet. Porter and Holley jumped into a
canoe and paddled toward the shaggy visitor; anoth-
er man went up the shore with a gun, and the rest of
the shouting crowd assembled to stop the brute as
soon as he should reach the laud. They succeeded
only too well, for the noise and confusion were such
that the animal took the alarm, swam back to the
western shore and escaped.

As a compensatien for this loss, Holley's 'journal
notes mimediately afterwards: "Munson caught a
rattlesnake, which we boiled and ate."

By noon they had become so well assured that no
provisions were coming from Couneaut that they all
set out for that place in two boats and a bark canoe.
After sailing about eight miles, however, they met a
party with cattle and provisions, and returned to the
Cuyaiioga with much lighter hearts than when they
left it. On arriving after dark they saw a fire blazing
on the western shore. As they passed it, they dis-
charged a volley from their rifles by way of a salute,
in honor of the sojourners who had built the fire, and
in accordance with a custom which seems to have been
quite common on the frontier, among both whites and
Indians. The travelers were discovered to bo a party
of Grand river Indians, who had been west, hunting.

After a week more of surveying in the vicinity of
the river, the whole party assembled at its mouth on
the 30th of September, when the informal agreement
made at Conneaut, in the forepart of July, was re-
duced to a written contract, in whicli " Cleaveland "
is first mentioned as the name of the embryo city at
the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Moses Cleaveland

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

signed the coiitniot on tlie purt of the company, while
forty-one of the employees put their bauds to it in
their own behalf. Six of the employees, including
.Toshua Stow, were not parties to the arrangement.
The township which tliey selected was number eight
in the eleventh range, being the one next down the
lake from Cleveland. With great propriety, consid-
ering that they were all surveyors or assistaiits, and
that surveying is eminently a mathematical profes-
sion, they gave to their now township the name of
the great Greek mathematician, Euclid. The sug-
gestion is credited by Mr. Holley to Moses Warren.
Each of the men was to serve the company faithfully
till tiie end of the season, and was to have an erpial
share in the township at a dollar an acre, on making
certain improvements. "J'hese were carefully speci-
fied in the contract, and are more fully set forth in
the township history of Euclid.

On the same day the employees held a meeting, at
which they arranged the order in which they would
make their improvements, and transact other busi
ness.. The record of their proceedings was also dated
at the "City of Cleaveland,"aud the locality has ever
since retained that name, except that the "a" has
been discarded.

On the tentli of October, Surveyor Holley notes in
his journal that he with bis party "left Cleaveland at
tlie moutii of the Cuyahoga, to finish dividing the
east part of the township into lots." By the sixteenth
the weather began to interfere seriously with their
work. On that day Mi'. H. motions that they came
into camp wet and cold, but after "pushing the bot-
tle and getting a fire and some supper, all were as
merry as grigs." But Gen. Cleaveland evidently
thought that, considering the long journey before
them, it was time to be starting homeward. He and
the majority of the men appear to have left about the
sixteenth, and on the eighteenth Porter, Holley,
Pease, Stoddard, Atwater and nine others set out for
their distant and much-longed-for homes.

The only white persons left on the Reserve were
Job N. Stiles and Tabitha his wife, and Joseph Lan-
don. These were supplied with provisions for the
winter, and then abandoned to a solitude almost as
complete as that of Selkirk on his island. To be sure
there were plenty of Indians and squaws, but consid-
ering that many of the former had been, not long be-
fore, in arms against the United States, and were
liable at any moment to break out again, it would
seem as if their absence would have been more desir-
able than their company.

The object in leaving Mr. and Mrs. Stiles in this
isolated locality is not certainly known, but it was
pi-obably thought that the buildings would be less lia-
ble to be destroyed it' some one was in charge of them,
and if any tools or other property were left behind,
it was absolutely necessary that some one should keep
watch of them: for the noble red men, though civil
enough in their ordinary intercourse with the sur-
veyors, would certainly have been unable to resist the

temptation presented by any thing they could con-
veniently-carry off.

Landon, who had heen connected with the survey
partv, ])robably intended to trade with the Indians.
He soon left, however, his place being taken by Ed-
ward Paine, afterwards known as General Paine of
Painesville, who boarded with Stiles, and was cer-
tainly at that time an Indian-trader. He was the first
resident in the county unconnected with the survey-
party. The nearest white neighbors were at a settle-
ment made that fall in the present town of Willough-
by, Geauga county. Tradition asserts that the first
white child born in this county came to light in the
cabin of Job and Tabitha Stiles, in the winter of
1796-7, and that a squaw acted as its nurse, but there
is no positive evidence.

All the party, except those who remained at Cleve-
land, reached their distant homes without more serious
difficulty than was necessitated by a journey of six or
seven hundred miles, largely through the wilderness.
Noitiier General Cleaveland nor Mr. Porter ever re-
turned to tlie Reserve, unless possibly the latter may
have done so as a casual traveler. General Cleave-
land continued to practice his profession in his native
town of Canterbury, sometimes representing it in the
State legislature, and always occupying a prominent
position among his fellow citizens, until his death in
180G. Though, as before stated, he never returned
to the Reserve, yet he always manifested a warm in-
terest in its welfare, and especially in the village
which he had founded and which bore his name.
One cannot but regret that he was not spared to see
at least the beginning of its greatness as a city.

Augustus Porter soon after settled at Niagara Falls,
where he became one of the leading men of western
New Y.ork. He erected extensive mills there, and
was also the first man who built a bridge from the
mainland to Goat Island. In 1808, he was appointed
the first presiding judge of the court of common pleas
of Niagara county. New York, (of which Buffalo was
then the county seat), a post which he held for thir-
teen years. He died at Niagara Palls at a very
advanced age. Judge Porter was an elder brother of
Peter B. Porter, the distinguished general in the war
of 1812, and secretary of war under President J. Q.
Adams.

In January, 1797, the members of the Connecticut
Land Company held their annual meeting. There
was much complaint of the large cost of the work of
the past year, but after an investigation by a commit-
tee the proceedings of the directors and superintend-
ent were entirely approved. Cleaveland's agreement
with Brant and the other chiefs at Buffalo was also
ratified.

The stockholders were seriously discomposed by
another matter. Mr. Porter, having during the sea-
son made a traverse of the line of the Reserve along
Lake Erie, now reported that the total contents of
the original tract were only three million four hun-
dred and fifty thousand seven hundred and fifty-

SALE AND SURVEY.

three acres, and that, after deducting the five hundred
thousand acres granted to the sufferers by British
spoliation, (commonly called the Fire Lands,) there
remained only two million nine hundred and fifty
thousand seven hundred and fifty-three acres for the
Connecticut Land Company. This was about fifty
thousand acres less than they had bought.

Moreover, the "Excess Company," the members of
which had been paying fancy prices for a share in the
surplus of the Western Reserve above three million
acres, (besides the "Fire Lands") suddenly found that
there was no surplus, and many of them became
bankrupt on account of the 4'scovery. Fault was
found with Porter's survey, but subsequent work
showed tliat the estimated amount was too large
rather than too small; a very close eomputation by
Leonard Case making the whole amount in the Re-
serve, besides the Fire Lands, two million eight hun-
dred and thirty -seven thousand one hundred and
nine acres. This great reduction fropi the amount
estimated before the survey was caused by the fact
that, in going west. Lake Erie trended much farther
south than had been supposed before exact calcula-
tions were made.

In the spring of 1797, the company again made
preparations to send a party to finish the surveys.
While they were doing so, Mr. Cleaveland received a
letter from one Alexander Henry, who had been an
Indian trader from Montreal to the upper-lake region
ever since the treaty of peace between Prance and
England, in 1763. He claimed that he and others
had bought of the Indians a large tract west of the
Cuyahoga and north of Wayne's treaty-line, which
included all of the Western Reserve west of the river
just mentioned. This he offered to sell to the com-
pany at one shilling per acre; guaranteeing a confirm-
ation of the deed by the Indians. He stated that the
deed was in the hands of Alexander Macomb, (father
of the general of that name in the war of 1813,) a
great land-speculator of that day and a co-proprietor
with Henry. It is quite likely that some of the chiefs
of the Delawares or Chippewas had made such a deed^
but, as the United States had invariably refused to
recognize sales made by the Indians to any one but
the general government, no attention was paid to
Mr. Henry's claim. He afterwards published an
account of his adventures among the Indians, which
is a valuable authority on the subject of aboriginal
history.

In the letter in question Mr. Henry mentioned that
one John Askin, one of the proprietors under the
alleged purchase, was then residing with his family
"at Cuyahoga," but there is nowhere else any account
of such a person. Among all the numerous state-
ments made by surveyors and their friends, it is
hardly possible that Askin would have been passed
over if he had lived on or near either bank of the
Cuyahoga. Henry may have falsified entirely, or may
have mistaken Askin's location, or the latter may
have moved away before the surveyors came.

The survey party of 1797 was organized at Schenec-
tady, New York, by Mr. Seth Pease, who had been
selected as principal surveyor for the coming season,
and who proceeded to that point during the forepart
of April. After the company was formed, Rer. Seth
Hart was made the superintendent. Besides the two
officials just named, there were no less tlian eight
surveyors: Richard M. Stoddard, Moses Warren,
Amzi Atwater, Joseph Landon, Amos Spafliord, War-
ham Shepard, Phineas Barker and Nathan Redfield.
Dr. Theodore Shepard was again employed as the
physician. There were, in addition, fifty-two other
employees, to perform the numerous duties necessary
in an extensive survey; the most prominent of these
being Colonel Ezra Waite and Major William Sliep-
ard, who seem to have had charge of the others when
the latter were not under the immediate direction of
the surveyors. Nathaniel Doan, the blacksmith of
1796, was also a member of the present expedition.
There were in all sixty-three members, of whom only
twelve had been on the previous expedition; and, of
these latter, seven were surveyors. Evidently the
work of carrying a chain or wielding an axe in the
tangled forest, living on indigestible bread and sleep-
ing on the wet ground, had lost all their romantic
charms during one year's experience.

The expedition took the usual route to the western
world, by way of the Mohawk river, Onedia lake,
Oswego river, Lake Ontario, Niagara river and Lake
Erie, though a portion went by land, by way of Oanan-
daigua, under charge of Major William Shepard.
After leaving some of the men at work in the eastern
part of the Reserve, the head of the main portion of
the expedition arrived at Cleveland on the first day
of June. Mr. Pease's journal mentions finding Mr.
and Mrs. Stiles well, and also Mrs. Gun, who, with
her husband, had moved from Conneaut that spring,
though Mr. Gun was then absent. He says nothing
of there being a child in the Stiles family, which it is
exceedingly probable he would have done if one had
been born during the winter, at least if it had then
been living.

Boats belonging to the expedition kept coming for
several days afterwards. In the afternoon of June
4th, one of them brought the body of David
Eidridge, one of the hands, who had been drowned
the same day, in attempting to swim his horse over
Grand river. The next morning the north part of
lots ninety-seven and ninety-eight, in Cleveland, were
selected as a burial ground. There were a few boards
in the vicinity, and a strong, rude coffin was quickly
made. The body of Eidridge was placed in it, the
coffin was fastened with cords to a stout pole, by
which means it was supported on the shoulders of the
comrades of the deceased, and the procession moved
slowly to the burial ground. There the body was
solemnly interred; Superintendent Hart reading the
burial service. A rough fence was also built around
the grave. This was, so far as known, the first funeral
in Cuyahoga county.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Parties were at once sent out in various directions
to recommence the surveys. Mr. Pease mentions the
articles furnished to each party, which certainly form
a somewhat miscellaneous collection, viz. : Porlc, flour,
tea, chocolate, sugar, ginger, spirits, vinegar, cheese,
pepper, empty bags, fire-steel, punk, candles, a tent,
axes, hatchets, pocket compasses, measuring pins,
salt, soap and horses. From a previous entry, we
learn that the daily rations for a mess of six men
were five pounds of pork, a pound of chocolate, a
" small porringer " of sugar, a half bottle of tea, a
bottle of rum, and flour without limit. The most
noticeable difference between these rations and those
issued to soldiers and explorers at the present day is the
absence of coffee from the former. Jlodern campers-
out would hardly find tea, chocolate, or even a bottle of
rum, a sufficient substitute.

The main headquarters were established at Cleve-
land, but on the tenth of June Mr. Pease with -a small
party went up the Cuyahoga, and soon after estab-
lished the " upper headquarters," near Cuyahoga
Palls, in the present county of Summit.

On the 11th of June, 1797, James Kingsbury and
his family arrived at Cleveland. He was a native of
Connecticut, but had moved from Now Hampshire to
Conneaut the previous season. Por a short time he
lived in a dilapidated house on the west side of the
river, which may have been the one occupied by John
Askin.

Early this season, also, Lorenzo Carter, of Rutland,
Vt., and his brother-in-law, Ezekicl Ilawloy, came to
Cleveland with their families. According to a state-
ment made in his lifetime by Alonzo Carter, son of
Lorenzo, his father arrived on the 2d of May; having
stayed the previous winter in Canada. Carter and
Hawley both located in Cleveland. One of the chil-
dren of the latter was Fanny B., then five years old.
She is still living, at tlic age of eighty-seven years,
being now the venerable widow of Mr. Theodore
Miles, of the eighteenth ward of Cleveland, formerly
Newburg. She is unquestionably the earliest sur-
viving resident of Cuyahoga county, and her memory
spans the whole time and all the wonderful changes
from the unbroken forest to the teeming county and
the mighty metropolis.

Mr. Carter, afterwards universally known as Major
Carter, was well calculated to succeed in a new coun-
try; being an exti'cmely active, enterprising man, an
expert hunter, and withal peculiarly adroit in gain-
ing an influence over the Indians, who were constant
neighbors and frc((uent visitors. He at once began
entertaining travelers, and his was the first hotel in
Cuyahoga county.

The first marriage followed quickly after the first
funeral. Carter's hired girl bore the peculiar name
of Chloe Inches. While Mr. Carter was residing in
Canada, during the previous winter, she had formed
the acquaintance of one William Clement, who speed-
ily followed her to Cleveland. They were married by
Rev. Mr. Hart, and, as no further mention is made

of Clement in Cleveland annals, we presume he re-
turned with his bride to Canada.

In June David Bryant and his son Oilman (the
latter being afterwards a well known citizen and one
of the latest surviving pioneers) came to Cleveland by
boat; being on their way to a grindstone quarry on
Vermillion river. They made trips back and forth
all that summer, carrying grindstones oast, probably
into Pennsylvania. Their stopping place was at Car-
ter's tavern. Besides those already named, Rudolphus
Edwards became a resident of Cleveland during the
summer.

Up to this time all that part of the Western Re-
serve east of the Cuyahoga had continued to be a por-
tion of the county of Washington, created in 1788,
with its county-seat at Marietta. No one in this
vicinity paid any attention to its authority, and the
directors of the Land Company were very anxious to
have a "legal and practicable government." The
legislature of Connecticut declined to assume any
political authority. On the 29th of June, 1797,
Washington county was divided; all the north part,
including that portion of Cuyahoga east of the river,
being formed by the legislature of the Northwest Ter-
ritory into the county of Jefferson, with the seat of
justice at Steubenville. The latter place was fifty
miles nearer than Marietta, but still no attention was
paid to the authorities there by the few inhabitants
of the Reserve, nor did those authorities attempt to
organize any townships within that district.

The surveyors and their men were soon nearly all
engaged in running the lines in the southern part of
the Reserve; their headquarters in the field being, as
before stated, a short distance below Cuyahoga Falls.
A sad but interesting event, the last scene of which
was in Cuyahoga county, is narrated by Amzi Atwater,
then a youth scarcely twenty-one years old. While
he and Warham Sliepard were running the south part
of the fifth meridian (now the line between Trumbull
and Portage counties), in the latter part of July,
Minor Bicknell, one of the assistants, was taken
violently sick with a fever. There was no medicine
and no comforts for the sick, and the only hope
of saving the man was to get him to Cleveland or the
upper headquarters as soon as possible. Shepard
agreed to go on with the survey with one man, while
Atwater withoneortwo others undertook to convey
Bicknell to a more desirable location.

Placing one horse far enough behind another to
admit of a man's lying lengthwise between them,
Atwater and his helpers put two long poles, one on
each side of the horses, and fastened them to the
pack-saddles with strips of bark. With other pieces
of the same material they made a kind of net work
between the polos. On this they made a bed -of
blankets, and laid the sick man upon them. On the
20th day of July they started out, with no guide but
Atwater's compass and the marks made along the
lines already run. After going a short distance south,
they proceeded west along the third parallel. A

SALE AND SURVEY.

man was sent ahead to have a boat ready at the upper
headquarters, if there were any there. *

Bicknell was delirious a large part of the time, and
so serious was the diiBculty in advancing through the
forest with such an unwieldy carriage, and so great
was the necessity of moving the sick man carefully, that
the cortege was only able to make about ten miles a
day. Proceeding west to the present corner of Stow
and Hudson townships, Summit county, Atwftter
turned south to the old Indian trail from the Ohio
river to Sandusky. There he met his messenger, who
said that the camp at upper headquarters was taken
up, and all the boats had gone down the river. The
same man was then directed to go to Cleveland and
get a boat to come up to the present south line of
Independence, where the party would meet it.

Atwater then went north, on the west line of Stow
and Hudson, to the northwest corner of the latter
townsliip, where he again turned to the west. Plod-
ding wearily along tlie faint track which went straight
over hill and through valley, camping where night
overtook him, listening to the occasional howl of
the wolves in the distance, and burdened all the time
with the care of a delirious invalid who was hourly
growing worse, the young surveyor found his own
nervous and muscular system subjected to a terrible
strain, and afterwards, no doubt truly, described this
as the most exciting event of his life. At length, in
the forenoon of the 25th of July, they reached the
Cuyahoga, on the line between Independence and
Brecksville, and rested to await the arrival of the
boat from Cleveland.

But no aid could come quickly enough to help the
smitten man, who died within two hours of his
arrival at the river. Soon after noon Joseph Tinker
came with the expected boat, having Dr. Shepard on
board. The only thing that could then be done was
to bury the unfortunate Bicknell, and he was accord-
ingly interred near the river, close to the south line
of Independence. Exhausted as Atwater was by
fatigue and anxiety, he was obliged almost immedi-
ately to retrace his steps, in order to find Warham
Shepard and help him out with the surveys.

Apropos of this last event, it may be remarked that
''^Joseph Tinker, who came up in charge of the boat,
seems to have acted as the principal master of trans-
portation for the company; sometimes going back to
Conneaut and other points for supplies, with four or
five men and a boat, at other times transporting the
needed articles on pack-horses to the various parties
of surveyors. He was drowned in the lower part of
Lake Erie while returning home the next fall, but his
name is preserved in "Tinker's creek," which is the
principal stream that flows intjji the Cuyahoga in

this county; heading in Portage county and running
through the townships of Solon, Bedford and Inde-
pendence.

The township lines were ?oon completed, and all
the surveyors and their assistants returned to Cleve-
land. A few remaining lots of Cleveland township
were then run out, and Warronsville and part of
Bedford were also divided into lots. Meanwhile the
"equalizing committee," composed of the principal
surveyors, was hard at work, exploring the townships
and settling on the size of the fractions which should
be added to other townships, so as to make them all
of substantially the same value.

Work progressed slowly, for sickness had become
extremely prevalent. Fever and ague was the princi-
pal disease, but dysentery and bilious fever were also
common. One of the workmen, named William An-
drews, died in August, as did also Peleg Washburn,
an apprentice to Nathaniel Doan, the blacksmith.
On the 8th of August the sick list numbered seven;
on the 37th it had arisen to eleven, and on the 13th
of September the number who could not work was
twelve. The men having almost none of the appli-
ances and comforts of civilized life, the ague racked
them with extreme violence. The fits often came on
every day, and when they passed off it was all the
poor, exhausted men could do to crawl from their
blanket beds to the spring, and get water enough to
last them through the next attack.

On the 13th of September nine sick persons were
discharged and sent east. About the first of October
some of those who had acquired claims in Euclid,
under the agreement of the year before, made im-
provements in accordance with that agreement. But
the groat anxiety to obtain land on the Eeserve had
passed away under the influence of hardship and ague,
and very few of the original contractors performed
their agreements and received their land. In the lat-
ter part of October the surveyors and their assistants
all left for the east.

The families left at Cleveland were those of Carter,
Ilawlcy, Kingsbury and Edwards. These, like the
surveyors, had been terribly afflicted by ague, and Mr.
Kingsbury determined to seek a healthier location.
He accordingly removed to the high ridge running
from what has since been called "Doan's Corners"
to Newburg, at a point, about five miles from the
lake, where the present Kinsman street strikes Wood-
land Hills avenue, and where his descendants still re-
side. There he built him a cabin, which he occupied
with his family on the 11th of December; being the
first permanent resident in the county away from the
immediate shore of the lake.

GENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE PEEIOD PROM 1798 TO 1800.

The Best Townships— Annual Meeting of 1798- New Assessment— Report
of the Equalizing Committee— Subsequent Career of Setli Pease-
Bounty on Gristmills— Road built to the Pennsylvania Line— Escaping
the Ague— Carter's Generosity -Settlement of Euclid— An Ague-Smit-
ten Family— Description of a Plumpiug-Mill— Kingsbury's Hand Grist-
mill—Lack of Medicine— Annual Indian Hunts in Cuyahoga County —
Annual Drunks— Carter's Quarrel with Indians— His Influence over
them -Fishing at Roolcy River— The First Gristmill-The Surveyore
give up Euclid— The First Sawmill— The First School— Formation of
Trumbull County -First Election in it— First Court of Quarter Sessions
of TrumbuU-First Justices of the Peace from the Present Cuyahoga
—Organization of Civil Townships -Boundaries of Cleveland— First
Constables— Kirtland's Remonstrance against High Prices.

As before stated, it had beeu decided by the direc-
tors to take some of the most valuable to-wnships as
the standard, and bring the others up to that stand-
ard by the addition of fractious. Those selected by
the committee as the most valuable in the whole Re-
serve (outside of those chosen to be sold for the gen-
eral benefit), were townships five, six and seven of
range eleven, and township eleven of I'ange seven;
now, respectively, Middlefield in Summit county,
Bedford and Warreusville in Cuyahoga county, and
Perry in Lake county.

At their annual meeting on the 23d of January,
1798, the stockholders confirmed the action of the
directors, in giving a city lot, a ten-acre lot and a hun-
dred-acre lot to Mrs. Stiles, a hundred-acre lot to Mrs.
Gun, and a hundred-acre lot to James Kingsbury;
also a city lot to Nathaniel Doau, conditioned on his
living on it as a blacksmith. At the same time an-
other assessment of twenty dollars a share was ordered;
thirty-five dollars a share having already been raised
during the preceding summar.

. The question of political jurisdiction was still not
quite decided, but the stockholders offered all their po-
litical authority, more or less, to Congress; at the same
time requesting that the authorities of the Northwest
Territory should form a new county, to embrace the
Western Reserve. Some small donations of land were
also offered to actual settlers. A committee reported
in favor of building a road near Lake Erie from the
Pennsylvania line to Cleveland, with a branch to the
salt springs in the present county of Mahonino-. The
stockholders voted that the fifteen hundred dollars
})romised to the Indians, through Brant, should be
paid to the United States superintendent of Indian
affairs, to be divided among the Six Nations as he
should think just.

On the 39th of the same month the stockholders
were again convoked by the directors to receive the
report of the committee on partition, consisting of
Pease, S])afford, Warren and Holbrook. Six town-
shijis were to be sold for the general benefit; two of
them being Euclid and Cleveland (then including
Newburg) and four being outside of Cuyahoga county.
Pour other townships (Warreusville, Bedford and
two outside the county) were drawn in four hundred
parcL^ls, one to each share. All the rest of the Re-
serve east of the Cuyahoga was drawn in ninety-
three parcels; each consisting of a township or more.

These, as before arranged, were received by the pro-
prietors, who clubbed together in groups for the pur-
pose; each group dividing its portion among its mem-
bers as they could agree. This ended the direct
connection of Mr. Pease with the Connecticut Land
Company. He was afterwards employed by the " Hol-
land Company " in surveying its land, which com-
prised six or eight of the westernmost counties of
New York. When his brother-in-law, Gideon Gran-
ger, became postmaster-general of the United States
in 1801, Mr. Pease was made assistant postmaster-
general. While holding that position he was employed
by the government to relocate the south line of the
Western Reserve, in 1806.

The stockholders were still in trouble because Con-
gress had failed to take any special action regarding
their territory, and again petitioned the legislature of
Connecticut to afford them relief, but that body wisely
decided to make no movement which might bring it
into collision with the national authorities. The
company also voted to give two hundred dollars, or
loan five hundred, to any one who would put uj) a
gristmill near the Cuyahoga, and likewise to others,
to do the same in other localities. Two more assess-
ments were levied, of ten dollars per share each.

In the spring of 1798 a party of eighteen came out
to the Reserve and built a road from Cleveland to the
Pennsylvania line, near the lake shore, which occu-
pied them the greater part of the season. The same
year Doau, (who had returned from the East to settle,)
Edwards, Stiles and Gun followed the example of
Kingsbury and located themselves four or five miles
each from the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Doau made
his home at the point long known as Doan's Corners,
and the others along the ridge south from that point.
The object of all of them was to escape the ague, then so
terribly prevalent in the "city," and to a great extent
they succeeded. Their removal left the "city" to
the occupancy of Mr. Carter, Mr. Amos Spafford, (who
came there tlie same year) and their families, and to
Joseph Landon and Stephen Gilbert who cleared land
and sowed some wheat. The early accounts speak
frequently of the generous assistance afforded by Mr.
Carter and his wife to the fever-smitten inhabitants.
He seems to have escaped sickness to a considerable
extent, and his expertness with his rifle enabled him
to make frequent and most welcome presents of game
to his afflicted neighbors. Deer were plenty, and
could be seen forty, fifty or even sixty rods away,
owing to the fact that there was very little underbrush
in any part of the county. Mr. Carter also brought
goods that year to trade with the Indians ; thus be-
coming the first merchant in the county after the
settlement by the whites. The same year Mr. John
Morse and others made a settlement in Euclid.

As illustrative of the hardships undergone by the
early settler, it may be mentioned that Nathaniel
Doau and his whole family, numbering nine persons,
were sick during a considerable part of the season.
The only one able to do anything was his nephew,

THE PERIOD FEOM 1798 TO 1800.

Seth Doan, a boy of thirteen, and he had the inevita-
ble shakes. For two months Seth went to Mr.
Kingsbury's and got corn, which he then crushed in
Ml". Kingsbury's hand-mill and took home to the
family. When he was unable to go they had no
vegetable food but turnips, though Carter and his
hounds ke])t them pretty well supplied with venison.

The mill spoken of, at least the first one built by
Mr. Kingsbury, was of the foi'm which was common
in all the new country during the first years of settle-
ment. An oak stump was hollowed out so that it
would hold about half a bushel of corn. Above it a
heavy wooden pestle was suspended to a "spring-
pole," the large end of which was fastened to a neigh-
boring tree. A convenient quantity of corn being
poured into the hollow, the pestle was seized with
both bauds and brought dowu upon it. Then the
spring-pole drew it up a foot or two above the corn,
when it was again brought down, and thus the work
continued until the coru was reduced to a quantity of
very coarse meal. These machines were commonly
called "plumping-mills," and probably each of the
first-settled townships in the county had one or more
of those rude but convenient articles. For three or
four years there was no water-mill nearer than Penn-
sylvania.

Mr. Kingsbury, however, being a particularly en-
terprising pioneer, soon constructed something more
effective than his plumping-mill, though still unable
to compass a regular gristmill. Getting a couple of
large stones in the vicinity, he shaped them into
some similitude to mill-stones and fastened the lower
firmly in position. To the upper one he affixed a
long lever, by which it could be rotated back and
forth, and with this simple machinery he and his
neighbors were able to grind their corn finer and
more rapidly than with the discarded plumping-mill.

The doctor who attended the surveyors having re-
turned with them, there was no physician in all this
part of the Reserve. It fact it was twelve years
more before one located in Cuyahoga county. The
people had to do their own doctoring and provide
their own medicine. Instead of calomel they used an
infusion of butternut bark; instead of quinine, a de-
coction of dogwood and cherry. These were crude
remedies, yet, notwithstanding the extreme sickliness
of the locality, which is admitted by all the early set-
tlers, it does not appear that the mortality was much
larger than in sections where there was an ample sup-
ply of physicians. Doubtless, however, a good phy-
sician would have stopped the prevalent fevers more
quickly than they "wore themselves out," and would
thus have prevented much suffering.

The last three years of the eighteenth century were
remarkable in this locality for the early appearance of
warm weather. Pinks and other flowers bloomed in
February each year, and peach trees were in full
blossom in March.

All along during the early years of settlement the
Chippewas, Ottawas and other western Indians, to

the number of several hundred, were in the habit of
coming every autumn from their summer homes on
the Sandusky and Maumee, where they raised their
corn, and assembling at the mouth of the Cuyahoga.
There they piled their canoes, and then scattered out
into the interior to spend the winter in hunting and
trapping. Having acquired an ample supply of moat
for summer use, and a quantity of valuable furs, they
would return in the spring to the point where they
had left their canoes.

Here they would sell their furs, and before return-
ing home would indulge in a grand, annual drunk.
For this festive occasion they prepared, with praise-
worthy caution, by giving their tomahawks, knives,-
rifles and all other weapons to the squaws. These
articles the latter would hide in some secluded place,
carefully concealed from the warriors. Sometimes an
ample allowance of whisky would be purchased " in
bulk " of the nearest trader, with which the Indians
would retire to some forest nook and there celebrate
their frantic orgies. Sometimes they bought it by the
drink; increasing the amount and the frequency as
the hours progressed.

Whichever way was adopted a terrific scene was
the result. The warriors, as the whisky mounted to
their brains, tiirew off all the usual stolidity of their
demeanor; told with braggart shouts of the wars in
which they had been engaged and the number of
scalps they had taken; tore off even the scanty gar-
ment they generally wore; rent the air with blood-
curdling yells, and often fought among themselves
with nature's weapons or such clubs aiid stones as
they could pick up. At such times they frequently
sought zealously for the knives and rifles of which
they had previously dispossessed themselves, but the
squaws generally performed their duty as custodians
with great fidelity, and a severe pounding was the
most serious injury the irate warriors received at each
other's hands.

Nor were the squaws entirely deprived of their
share of amusement. After their lords had awakened
from the sleep which followed their debauch, and had
received back their weapons, the gentler sex were al-
lowed (provided there was any whisky left or any fur
to buy it with) to indulge in a lively drunk of their
own. Their demonstrations were almost as frantic,
but not usually as pugnacious, as those of the warriors.

After all had satiated themselves with pleasure —
according to their ideas — they launched their canoes,
loaded in their dried deer meat and bear meat, and
those skins which, being unsalable to the wlates, they
destined for the furnishing of their lodges, and
paddled swiftly away to their fertile cornfields at the
head of the lake.

In the spring of 1799, the Indians obtained the
whisky for their annual celebration from Mr. Car-
ter. After using up their first supply they sent him
furs and obtained more, and this was often repeated.
Doubtless thinking that the less liquor they drank
the better off they would be, the worthy trader, as

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

the tradition goes, diluted the whisky with larger and
hirger ([iiantities of water, as his customers became
more and more intoxicated. The result was that
they became sober long before they expected, and
knew that a fraud had been perpetrated. Nine of
them came to Carter's cabin in a great rage; swearing
vengeance because tliey had been cheated out of a
part of their drunk. Luckily all their arms were still
in the possession of the sqnaws. They quickly burst
open the cabin door, but the burly trader, standing
behind it, knocked down three or four of them as they
entered, sprang over their prostrate forms, rushed
upon those outside, and drove them, unaccustomed
to fist-fights, in tumultuous disorder to their canoes.
Ere he returned to the cabin, his other foes gathered
themselves up and slipped quietly away.

For a while Carter was somewhat anxious lest they
should all return with their weapons, but instead of
that, after a considerable time had passed, a de])uta-
tiou of squaws appeared and professed themselves
desirous to make peace. The trader readily assented,
walked over alone to the camp of his enemies, and
easily succeeded in pacifying them. Whether he
was able to convince them that it was a highly moral
transaction to water an Indian's whisliy when he
was getting too drunk, and then knock him down
for resenting it, history saith not, but there is no
doubt that he exercised an immense influence over the
Indians, and could take liberties with them which no
one else could. His bold, rough-and-ready ways,
his great physical strength, and his expertness as a
marksman and hunter, far superior to their own
were all attributes which naturally gained the intense
admiration of the rude, untutored cliildren of the
forest. Some of tlicm declared lie was a magician, and
could kill an animal with his rifle without breakino-
its hide.

On their way to and from their summer residence,
the Indians usually stopped at Rocky river to fish, and
ihis was also a favorite resort of the whites. The
former generally fished at night in their canoes, with
torchlight and spears; the whites used these means
but also frequently resorted to the hook and line
and sometimes managed to construct a small seine.

In the spring, summer aud fall of 1799, "VV. W.
Williams and Major Wyatt built the first gristmill in
the present county of Cuyahoga. It was located at
the falls of Mill creek, in what was long known as
the village of Ncwburg, but is now a part of the city
of Cleveland. The Land Company gave the proprie-
tors a hundred acrts of land and all the irons for
their mill, in consideration of their putting it up.
The irons were the most important part of the struct-
ure, as it was absolutely necessary to bring them from
the East, while all the rest of the ai3pliances could be
procured in the vicinity.

The water was conveyed in a trough dug out of
logs to an undershot wheel, "twelve feet over"
which had but one set of arms, with brackets fifteen
inches long, running inside the trough. David and

Gilman Bryant, who were still engaged in their grind-
stone trade from Vermillion river, made the mill-
stones out of material obtained by the side of the
creek, half a mile below the mill.

By this time it had become evident that almost all
the surveyors had given up their idea of settling in
Euclid, and about all that remains in evidence of
their design is the name of the great mathematician,
applied by them to their favorite township. Other
settlers, however, came into that township and Cleve-
land, of whom more particular mention will be made
in the township histories.

The next year, 1800, Williams and Wyatt built a
sawmill, near their gristmill, on Mill creek; the
former, like the latter, being the fii'st institution of
its kind in the county. As in the case of the first
mill, too, the irons for the sawmill were presented by
the company.

This year was also distinguished by the establish-
ment of the first school in the county. It was kept
by Miss Sarah Doan in the Kingsbury neighborhood,
which, as before stated, was long a part of Newburo-
but has now been absorbed in the omnivorous city.

Some important movements were made regarding
the fee-si mi)le and the political Jurisdiction of the
Western Reserve. The United States at length for-
mally convoyed all its title to the soil of that terri-
tory to the State of Connecticut (by which State it
had been legally vested in the members of the Land
Company and in the "Fire Lands" proprietors), while
on the other hand the State formally released to ihe
United States all its claims to the political jurisdic-
tion of the territory in question.

On the 10th of July, 1800, the legislature of Ohio
formed a new county out of parts of Jefferson and
Wayne, comprising all of the Western Reserve, in-
cluding the "Fire Lands" and the neighboring is-
lands in the lake. To this county was o-iven the
name of "Trumbull," in honor of Jonathan Trum-
bull, then governor of the State of Connecticut, and
a son of the celebrated Revolutionary governor of the
same name, who was the original " Brother Jonathan."
The county-seat was located at Warren; the most of
the settlers, who were very few, being in the south-
eastern corner of the Reserve.

On the aand of September, 1800, Gov. St. Clair
issued his proclamation, directed to David Abbott,
who had been appointed sherifE of Trumbull county,
and who lived near the mouth of Chagrin river in
the present county of Lake, requiring him to hold an
election at Warren on the second Tuesday of October,
for the purpose of choosing a representative in the
Territorial legislature. The election was duly held
at the time and place specified, when only forty-two
votes were cast for the whole county of Trumbull;
that is to say in the whole Western Reserve. As it
was about sixty miles from the county-seat to Cleve-
land and the same distance to Conneaut, it is quite
probable that some of the voters stayed at home.
Edward Paine, whom we have mentioned as living

THE PERIOD PROM 1801 TO 1806.

with the Stiles fMinily during the llrst winter tliat
Cleveland was occupied by white people, received
thirty-eight of the forty-two votes, and was declared
duly elected. This was the first election in which the
settlers on the Reserve had taken part, and they were
highly pleased to find themselves once more perform-
ing the accustomed duties of citizens.

Meanwhile, however, the first court of quarter ses-
sions had been held at Warren, on the fourth Monday
of August, 1800, by the judge of probate and the
"justices of quorum" of the new county. The for-
mer was John Leavitt. The latter were John Young,
Turhand Kirtland, Camden Oleaveland, Bliphalet
Austin and James Kingsbury; the last named being
the only member from the present county of Cuya-
hoga. The first justice of the peace not "of quo-
rum," from this county, was Amos SpafEord. The
court appointed a commission consisting of Amos
Spafloi-d, David Hudson, Simeon Perkins, John Mi-
nor, A. Wheeler, Edward Paine and Benjamin David-
sou, to report a proper division of Trumbull county
into townships with convenient boundaries.

On their report the county was organized in eight
townships, of which Cleveland was the westernmost.
It comprised all of Cuyahoga county, together with
the townships of Chester, Russell and Bainbridge in
Geauga county. It also embraced the whole Indian
country to the western boundary of the Reserve, (in-
eluding the Fire Lands,) which was also the western
boundary of the county. Its jurisdiction over the
tract west of the Cuyahoga was, however, merely
nominal; as there were no white men there to govern,
and no one in those days thought of subjecting the
Indians on their own ground to civil law. Thus the
township of Cleveland had an area of about two thou-
sand three hundred and forty square miles; of which,
however, only about two hundred and sixty square
miles were open to occupation by the whites. The
next township east of Cleveland was Painesville.

The distinction between survey townships and civil
townships should always be borne in mind by those
studying the early history of this section. Thus,
while the civil township of Cleveland embraced the
immense territory above described, the survey town-
ship of the same name comprised only a small district
about five miles by eight, out of which were after-
wards formed the civil townships of Cleveland and
Newburg.

After the county had been thus divided into town-
ships, the court appointed constables for them; those
for Cleveland being Stephen Gilbert and Lorenzo
Carter.

In this year Turhand Kirtland, writing to General
Cleaveland from the town which bore the name of
the latter, declared that the prices of land were too
high; objecting especially to the demand of twenty-
five dollars per acre for city lots. He stated that
the crops were extremely good, the settlers healthy
and in good spirits, and their numbers increasing as
rapidly as could be expected. There was a universal

scarcity of cash, however, which of course made pay-
ments difficult. The settlers were anxious that the
company should build a store, and take grain and
other produce in payment for their land. This, how-
ever, was not done.

CHAPTER IX.

THE PERIOD FROM 1801 TO 1806.

Samuel Huntington— No Laws— Irand Fourth of July Celebration—
Gilman Bryant and his Lady— The Ball— A Traveling Minister— First
Town Meeting— First Township Officers- Mr. Huntington made Jus-
tice of the Quorum— His Politics— Attempt to sell Six Townships-
Failure, and the Cause— The Townships divided— Huntington a Judge
of the Supreme Court— First Indiotment^The First Murder— "Me no
'f raid "—A Treacherous Blow— Thro its of Eevenge— A Compromise-
Two Gallons of Consolation— Organization of Militia— Carter elected
Captain— A Useless Protest— The Captain promoted to Major— The
Sloop Cuyahoga Packet-Purchase of the Ijand West of the Cuyahoga
—Proposed Council at Cleveland— Indians stay Away— Council at San-
dusky—Terms of the Treaty— Silver in Payment— First Post-Offlce—
Collection-District ut Erie— Settlement of Mayfleld— Another Mliitia
Election— List of Voters— Formation of Geauga County— Survey of
West-Side Lands— The Perils of the Lake— A Terrible Scene— Rescue
of "Ben" — Loss of the Schooner " W^ashington."

Early in the spring of 1801, Samuel Huntington,
of Connecticut (a nephew of the governor of that State
of the same name), who had been examining the
lands on the Reserve during the previous summer,
and had at the same time obtained admission to the
bar of the State, came to Clevelaud and selected thac
point as his future home. He immediately employed
workmen to build him a large, hewed-log house,
which, notwithstanding its humble materials, ap-
peared quite aristocratic in comparison with the
cabins of the other settlers. He also employed Mr.
Samuel Dodge to build him a framed barn; tiiis being
the first framed edifice in the county. The boards
were of course obtained from Williams and Wyatt's
mill at Newburg.

Mr. Huntington was the first lawyer in the county.
He did not, however, obtain any considerable prac-
tice; for the immigrants from the land of steady
habits were not litigious, and were too few in number
to make much business for an attorney. Huntington
was evidently ahead of his time, as were many others,
in expecting that Cleveland would soon be a large
town. In fact no one could have appeared more in-
congruous among the rude settlers, the red Indians,
the log cabins and the frowning forests of this ex-
treme frontier than tiie slight, dapper counselor,
thirty-five years old, about five feet eight inches tall,
highly educated, and having acquired in European
travel not only a knowledge of the French language
but a demonstrative affability of manner, described by
Americans by the general title of "Prenchy." Yet
so impartially were his bows and smiles distributed
to all around, and so shrewd was his political man-
agement, that important public trusts were soon con-
fided to him, and he rose in no long time to the
highest honors of the State. His first advancement
was an appointment as lieutenant-colonel of the
Trumbull-county militia regiment.

GENERAL HtSTORY OE CUYAHoaA COUNTY.

Down to tliis time there had been no laws of any kind
in the vicinity. There were no officials to enforce them,
and in fact it had previously been some what doubt-
ful whether the laws of the Noithwestern Territory
applied to the Connecticut Reserve. For a wonder,
there had been no cases of lynch-law, and there
had been but a single instance of what might be
called club-law — the row between Carter and the
Indians.

It might appear that there was now a prospect of
more lively times, for in this year the first distillery
in the present county was erected at Cleveland by
David Bryant. This, however, was entirely a matter-
of-conrse proceeding; a distillery being invariably one
of the first institutions of a new settlement, and
being generally erected by one of the most respecta-
ble and responsible men in it.

All the old chronicles speak enthusiastically of the
grand celebration and ball in honor of the Fourth of
July, in 1801. The writer was at first in doubt
whether this should be iuchided in the general history
of the county or be relegated to the more restricted
details of Cleveland local annals. But after duly
considering that it was the first Fourth-of-July cele-
bration in tlie eonnty, (at least the first that has found
its way into history,) and was likewise the first ball in
the county, and was probably attended by almost all
the citizens of the county, he has concluded to assign
it a place among the county annals.

Of the patriotic observances during the day no ac-
count has been preserved, but the grand ball has been
described in glowing terms. Gilman Bryant, one of
the p:irticipants, has narrated, in a letter published by
Colonel Wliittlesey, the appearance and mode of travel
of himself and bis lady, in terms doubtless applicable
with some modifications to many others of the guests.
The youthful knight, only seventeen years old, waited
on " Miss Doan, who had just arrived at Doan's Cor-
ners four miles east of Cleaveland," and who was
probably the daughter of Timothy Doan, who came
thither tliat year but afterwards removed to Euclid.
The lady was but fourteen years old.

The cavaher attired himself gorgeously, in what he
assures us was the prevailing mode; wearing a suit of
gingham, a good, wool hat and a pair of substantial,
brogan shoes. His long hair was bound behind in a
queue about as long and as thick as an ordinary corn-
cob, tied round with a yard and a half of black ribbon,
below which the hair extended in a small tuft. Those
were the days of powdered wigs among the gentry,
and the youth came as near the genteel standard as
be could by annointing his hair with tallow, and then
sifting on it as much flour as he could make stick.
Thus arrayed, he mounted a horse and rode out to his
lady's mansion of logs. She climbed upon a stump,
and be i-ode up beside it; she kirtled her calico dress
about her waist to keep it clean, spread her under-
petticoat on the horse's back, mounted, and clasped
her cavalier about the waist to steady herself, and
away they went in splendid style to the double log-

house of Mr. Carter, on the brow of the hill at the
west end of Superior street.

Thither, too, came the whole elite of the Cuyahoga
county which was to be. Wagons rolled in from the
lake-washed shores of Euclid ; horsemen with dames
behind them rode down from the mills of Mill creek,
and young farmei-s came in high glee with their girls
from the Kingsbury ridge, which had attracted so
many settlers on account of its healthy location. No
less than twenty gentlemen and fifteen ladies graced
the festive occasion. John Wood, Benjamin Wood
and R. H. Rlinn were the managers; Samuel Jones,
afterwards quite noted as Major Jones, was the chief
violinist and floor-manager. His ringing tones called
off the figures in "Fisher's Hornpipe," "Hi, Betty
Martin " and the '■' Virginia Reel," and cavaliers and
dames, old and young, married and single, responded
with a vigor which marked the rude floor with the
dent of many a heavy brogan, while the rough ceiling
was almost reached by the heads of some of the taller
dancers. If their spirits flagged they were speedily
renovated with a beverage concocted of whisky, water
and maple sugar, and the 5th of July was well under
way eie the jovial- revelers returned to their homes
by means of the same primitive conveyances which
had borne them to the scene of festivity.

The first minister in the county, of whom there is
any record, (aside from Seth Hart, whose business as
superintendent of the Land Company was of a secular
nature,) was the Reverend Joseph Badger, a mission-
iiry from Connecticut, who came along the lake shore
about the middle of August, 1801. After lodging at
Carter's he and a companion crossed the Cuyahoga in
a canoe, (leading their horses which swam the stream,)
and then pursued the Indian path to Rocky river.
There, while cutting brush, they were, as he says,
saluted with a "sing," which on investigation proved
to be that of a "large, yellow rattlesnake," which
they immediately dispatched.

In 1803, at the February term of the court of quar-
ter-sessions for Trumbull county, it was ordered that
the first town meeting of the township of Cleveland
should be held at the house of James Kingsbury. It
was accordingly so held, Rudolphus Edwards serving
as chairman, and the following Officers were elected:
town clerk, Nathaniel Doan ; trustees, Amos Spaf-
ford, Timothy Doan and W. W. Williams ; apprais-
ers of houses, Samuel Hamilton and Elijah Gun ;
lister, Ebenezer Ayer : supervisors of highways, Sam-
uel Huntington, Nathaniel Doan and Samuel Hamil-
ton ; overseers of the poor, W. W. Williams and
Samuel Huntington ; fence-viewers, Lorenzo Carter
and Nathan Chapman ; constables, Ezekiel Hawley
and Richard Craw.

While Mr. Huntington's neighbors were thus elect-
ing him to the honorable, but not very important,
offices of supervisor of highways and overseer of the
poor, Gov. St. Clair had in January appointed him
one of the justices "of the quorum" for Trumbull
county, and when the court of quarter sessions met,

THE PEmoB PROM 1801 TO 1806.

although he was the jimior member, his attainments
were such that all his colleagues gladly consented
that he should act as chairman.

This year an act was passed by Congress, providing
for a convention to form a State constitution for Ohio.
In November an election was held for members of
the convention, and Mr. Huntington was chosen a
delegate for Trumbull county. In the division of
parties Mr. Huntington ranked himself among the
Republicans, or followers of Jefferson, in opposition
to the Federalists, who believed in the principles of
Washington and Hamilton. The former party ere
long took the name of " Democrat," which it has re-
tained to the present time, while its own old name
of "Republican" was adopted some twenty-five
years ago by the new party formed to resist the ag-
gressions of slavery. Mr. Huntington, however, was
a moderate member of the Republican party, and the
old Federalists, finding they had no chance of party
success in Ohio, willingly contributed to the advance-
ment of the ambitious Cleveiander, who thus mounted
rapidly to high honors.

In July, 1802, Mr. Badger again visited this part
of the Reserve. In his account of his former journey
he makes no mention of preaching within the limits
of Cuyahoga county, but this year heprcached to the
five families whom he found at Newburg, which name
had already been given to the settlement around the
mills on Mill creek. Even there, the reverend
gentleman could find no apparent piety. In Cleve-
land he states there were but two families, though
we cannot make out less than three. In Euclid, al-
together, there were four or five families.

About this period the six townships, reserved as
before stated for the general benefit of the Laud Com-
pany, were put upon the market. The company was
grievously disappointed at the results, for only very
little land was sold and very low prices were obtained.
"City lots" also fell from fifty dollars each in cash to
twenty-five dollars on credit. Emigration, at least
into this part of the Reserve, was very slow — slower
than into almost any other newly opened portion of
the United States since the Revolution.

The reason is evident. Wlien the Connecticut
L;ind Company made its great purchase, it was ex-
pected that large numbers of emigrants would go to
New Connecticut by way of Lake Erie. But ere long
the great tract of several millions of acres in western
New York, known as the Holland Purchase, was
bought from the Indians and opened to settlement at
low lates. Consequently no one would go through
that tract and two hundred miles beyond, unless he
could obtain land at i-uinously low prices. Add to
that that in the early days this section had a pecu-
liarly unfortunate reputation regarding feverand ague,
and it is easy to see why settlement was extremely slow.

Many of the Land Company were heavy losers by
the speculation, and even the most fortunate gained
but little immediate benefit. Those, however, who were
able to make their payments to the State of Connecti-

cut, and their numerous assessments to the company
for necessary improvements, and to keep their prop-
erty twenty or thirty years, either secured good in-
vestments for their old age or left handsome estates
to their children. In December, 1802, it being found
impracticable to sell the six townships, they were
divided by draft among the shareholders; thus dis-
posing of all the Company's lands east of the Cuya-
hoga, except a few city lots.

After the adoption of the State constitution for
Ohio, and the admission of the new State into the
Union, Mr. Huntington, in the forepart of 1803, was
elected a State senator for the county of Trumbull,
and on the meeting of the first legislature he was
made president of the senate. Even this rapid ad-
vancement was not all; on the second day of April,
1803, he was appointed a judge of the supreme court.
His commission was the first one emanating from the
governor of the State of Ohio.

Civilization steadily progressed; about this same
time the first indictment against any one in the pre-
sent Cuyahoga county was found by the grand jury
of Trumbull county against our active friend, the
landlord, constable and Indian-trader, Lorenzo Carter,
for assault and battery on James Hamilton, of New-
burg.

The same year the legislature divided the State into
four military districts; Trumbull county falling into
the fourth district, (under Major-General Elijah
Wadsworth, of Canfield,) which also embraced Col-
umbiana aud Jefferson counties and included all that
part of the State north of the south line of the latter
county.

It was also in this year, as near as can be ascer-
tained, (some say 1802,) that the first murder of which
there is any record took place in the county; though,
as both the parties were Indians, it is not improbable
that some similar transaction occurred here long be-
fore any wliite man took the trouble to write about it.
The crime sprang partly from superstition and partly
from alcohol; the latter cause could not operate be-
fore the advent of the whites, but the former had
an open field before as well as after that epoch.

Although, as before stated, there were but two or
three families at Cleveland, yet there were several
persons, without families, in active business there.
David Bryant was running his distillery, Elisha Nor-
ton aud David Clark were trading with the Indians,
and a Scotchman named Alexander Campbell also
built a small trading-house for the same purpose.
This little cluster of cabins around the distillery,
under tlie hill, formed a constant attraction for both
Indians and squaws, especially at the time of their
annual return from their hunting expeditions up the
river. The squaws bought the gaudiest calicos they
could find and scarfs of the brightest hues, and were
not averse while trading to exchanging amorous
glances with the traders, who were great men because
they had so much calico. The warriors, more simple
in their desires, bought whisky.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Among the Indians who frequented the little gronp
of cabins was a Seneca, called by the whites "Big
Son," a brother of a chief named Stigwanish; the
latter being a person of considerable influence, to
whom was given the distinctive appellation of Seneca —
he being considered the especial representative of that
powerful Iroquois tribe, of whom only a few were
settled in this section. Big Son's wife fell sick, and
he employed as her physician a "medicine-man " be-
longing to the Oliippewa tribe, whose name was
Menompsy — generally abbreviated by the whites to
" Nobsy." The sqnaw died and the disconsolate hus-
band attributed her death to the medicine-man. Big
Son made some threats, but he was generally consid-
ered a coward, even by his brother, Stigwanish, who
had treated him with great coldness in consequence,
and it was not supposed there would be any serious
results.

Late one afternoon Menompsy was in Carter's tav-
ern, when the subject of Big Son's threats was intro-
duced. " Me no fraid," said the medicine man; "me
charmed — no ball, no knife can kill me. See!" he
exclaimed, throwing open his blanket and displaying
several ugly scars on various parts of his body, " see
where Indian cut me; another Indian shoot me, and
me no dead man yet — me no dead man yet.*

Shortly afterwards he went down to one of the
trading-houses at the foot of the hill. There he met
Big Son, whose grief for his defunct spouse had been
greatly stimulated by deep potations of Bryant's fiery
whisky. A fierce altercation ensued, in wliich the
Seneca renewed his threat and Menompsy again re-
peated: "Me no 'fraid — me no 'fraid."

They Avent out of the store together, and ascended
the path which wound up the bluff, where Union
lane had been laid out and now runs. It was then
becoming quite dark. When partly up the hill Big
Son held out his hand, as if to shake hands in token
of reconciliation. The same instant he drew his knife
and plunged it into the side of the unguarded medi-
cine-man. The latter fell to the ground, while the
'Seneca speedily made his way to the encampment of
his brethren, below Carter's.

An outcry was raised, and several white men came
running to the scene — among them Mr. Cartel-. The
wounded man looked up in his face, saying: "Me
dead man now — yes, Nobsy broke now," and soon
afterwards expired.

In a short time some Cldppeiuas took up the body
and carried it across the river. There a grand pow-
wow was held over it, and yells of revenge resounded
through the forest hour after hour. The whites on
the east side were in extreme fear lest the savage
Chifpewas should attempt revenge on the small num-
ber of Senecas, in which case the settlers were liable
to be assailed m the drunken rage of the two parties.
The next morning the Chijuoewa warriors were seen

♦This part of the account is derived from Mrs. Miles, before men-
tioned, who heard it from her uncle, Major Carter, immediately after
the murder.

with their faces painted black in token of war, while
it was not doubted that the Ottavms would stand by
their friends against the arrogant Iroquois.

Messrs. Carter and SpafEord interposed, and after
some negotiations the wrathful Chippewas were in-
duced to forego their vengeance on very reasonable
terms; to wit, in consideration of a gallon of whisky,
which Bryant was to make for them that day. It
was agreed, however, that the Indians should remove
their fallen brother to Rocky river before going
through with the funeral ceremonies; as it was rightly
supposed that an Indian "wake " at Cleveland, under
the existing circumstances, might be even more dan-
gerous than a declaration of war.

For awhile the warriors waited patiently for the
expected whisky. But Mr. Bryant, who happened to
be busy at something else, with singular recklessness
neglected to manufacture the promised peace-offering,
and toward night the savages became more wrathy
than before. They departed for their camp across
the river, muttering threats of vengeance, which this
time distinctly included the faithless whites. They
were again followed by the principal men of the
settlement, who solemnly promised that in view of
their disappointment the amount of the peace-offering
should be doubled, and they should certainly receive
two gallons of whisky the next day. This time Bryant
did not fail to perform, and the Chippeivas obtained
their consolation in time to remove the body to Rocky
river the second day after the murder, accompanied
by their friends, the Ottawas. When the mournful
but fantastic procession passed out of sight into the
western woods, the whites breathed much more freely
than they had during the previous forty-eight hours.

Meanwhile the murderer and his brother Senecas
do not appear to have troubled themselves much about
the threats of the western Indians; apparently relying
on the valor and warlike skill which pertained to them
as a fraction of the all-conquering Iroquois. No one
seems to have doubted that they would have defended
Big Son against any attempt at vengeance on the
part of the Gliippewas. So far from being detested
as a murderer by his countrymen, the lately despised
coward had suddenly become a hero in their eyes.
The treacherous method in which vengeance was taken
did not affect the glory of the deed, and Stigwanish
promptly received his brother into high consideration.

Early in 1804 we find the first movement made to
organize the militia of this section; an event at that
time of considerable importance. The "trainings"
were holidays attended by the whole population, and
to be a captain or major of militia added in no slight
degree to the consequence of the fortunate official.
On the sixth of April Major-General Wadsworth issued
an order dividing his district into two brigade-dis-
tricts, the second of which consisted of Trumbull
county. This again was subdivided into two regi-
mental districts, the first of which embiaced all that
part of the county north of the north line of town-
ship five in the several ranges; that is, north of North-

THE PERIOD FROM 1801 TO 1806.

field, Twinsburg, etc., and including all of the present
Cuyahoga county east of the river, together witli
Lake, Ashtabula, Geauga and part of Trumbull coun-
ties. It contained eight company districts, the
fourth of which comprised the civil township of
Cleveland; the boundaries whereof at that time have
already been described. By the same order the com-
panies were directed to hold elections on the second
of May following, at which the members of each were
to choose their own company officers.

Accordingly, on the appointed day the members
of the fourth company, first regiment, second brig-
ade, fourth division, Ohio State militia, assembled
at the house of James Kingsbury for the purpose
Just mentioned. James Kingsbury, Nathaniel Doan
and Benjamin Gold were elected judges. There
was a hot contest for the honors of the day,
but the judges decided and certified that Lorenzo
Carter was duly elected captain, Natlianiel Doan
lieutenant, and Samuel Jones "ensign;" the latter
officer corresponding to a second lieutenant at the
present time.

A protest was, however, put on record by eight
voters, including several leading citizens, requesting
the major-general to set aside the election. They
alleged that persons under eighteen, and others not
liable to military duty, had voted for the successful
men, as well as some who did not reside in the town-
ship. They also declared Carter ineligible, firstly
because he had given spirituous liquors to the voters,
and secondly because he had frequently threatened to
set the savages on the inhabitants. The first charge,
considering the customs of the period, may be taken
for granted without any evidence, but the latter is so
preposterous, in i-egard to a man as popular as Carter
evidently was, that it may safely be peremptorily
rejected. Very likely, however, the loud-voiced cap-
tain, who, in modern phrase, " talked a good deal
with his mouth," may have used some jesting ex-
pression in his convivial moments, which could be
distorted into such a threat. The prayer of the pro-
test was not granted by tlie major-general, and in the
following August Captain Carter was elected major of
the regiment; thus receiving the title by which he was
known the remainder of his life.

In this year the sloop "Cuyahoga Packet," of twenty
tons, was built at the mouth of Chagrin river; being
the first sail vessel erected in this part of the country,
though built just outside the present limits of the
county. The other vessels of American build at this
time running on the lake were the " Washington," of
sixty tons, the "Harlequin," the "Good Intent,"
the "Adams," the "Tracy," the " Wilkinson " and
the "Contractor." There were also some vessels of
Canadian build.

The most imi)ortant event of the year 1805 was the
making of a treaty, extinguishing the Indian right of
occupancy to that part of the Reserve west of the
Cuyahoga river. The first council was agreed to be
held at Cleveland, and was to be attended not only by

the western Indians but by a deputation from the
Six Nations, who still kept up a kind of shadowy
claim to the lands, even west of the Cuyahoga, over
which they had once marched as conquerors.

Accordingly in June thirty Iroquois chiefs, accom-
panied by their interpreter, Jasper Parrish, came to
Cleveland to attend the council. The commissioner
for the United States, under whose auspices the
whole business was conducted, was Colonel Charles
Jewctt, k large, powerful man, to whom the Indians
looked up with the respect they seldom refuse to
gi'eat physical strength. The representatives of the
Connecticut Land Company were General Henry
Champion, the first president of the company, Oliver
Phelps, and Gideon Granger, postmaster-general;
while the proprietors of the Fire Lands were repren-
sented by Roger A. Sherman, a distinguished Connec-
ticut lawyer, J. Mills and William Dean.

For some unknown reason, but probably to enhance
the price of their lands by appearing to hold back,
the western Indians neglected to come to Cleveland
according to their previous agreement. After wait-
ing a few days, the commissioners sought out the
chiefs of the Chippetvas and Ottawas, who, with a
show of reluctance, finally agreed to meet in council
with the whites, at what was called Ogontz' Place,
now Sandusky City. The usual ceremonies and
speech-making were there gone through with, result-
ing at length, on the 4th of July, 1805, in the cession
by all the Indians of their right to that part of the
Reserve west of the Cuyahoga, including the Fire
Lands. It was said, at the time, that after the signing
of the treaty many of the warriors wept at the
thought that they must now yield up their ancient
hunting-grounds. A barrel of whisky was however
dealt out to them, which doubtless soon caused their
tears to disappear.

By the treaty, the proprietors of the Fire Lands
and the Connecticut Land Company jointly agreed
to pay the Indians seven thousand dollars in cash,
and twelve thousand dollars more in six equal annual
payments. The United States government also agreed
to pay the interest on thirteen thousand seven hund-
red dollars forever, to the Wyandots, the Mimsees,
and to those ISenecas actually occupying the land.
The Cliipimiuas and Ottawas appear to have had no
share in the latter payment.

William Dean, one of the commissioners, reported
the expense of the treaty, aside from the payments, to
be about five thousand dollars. This included rum,
tobacco, bread, meat, presents, " expenses of se-
raylio," and commissions of agents and contractors.
Meanwhile the seven thousand dollars in. silver, pro-
vided by the proprietors to make the first payment on
the land, came through from Pittsburg in a wagon,
by way of Warren to Cleveland, under the escort of
seven resolute men, among whom was Major Carter.
At Cleveland it was shipped on boats, and taken to
Sandusky. It arrived there the day the treaty
was signed, and the next day, together with an ample

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

supply of inferior presents, was distributed among
the Indians.

During- tliis year tlie first ])ust-ofRce in the county
was established at Cleveland, and on the 3;Jnd of
October Elisha Norton was appointed postmaster.

The same year the collection-district of Erie was
established; eral)racing the whole southern shore of
Lake Brie, with hoadiiuarters at Erie, Pennsylvania.
Previous to this time there has been no collection of
revenues along the lake; the amount of trade being
too small to justify the expense. The mouth of the
Cuyahoga, was made a port of entry at the same time,
to be under the charge of an assistant collector.
John Walworth, of Painesville, was appointed to that
office, and soon after removed to Cleveland.

Another event of the year, showing the gradual
spread of the population into the wilderness, was the
first settlement in survey township number eight, in
range ten, now the civil township of Mayfleld.

On the2i)th of May, 1805, another military election
was held for the same company before mentioned,
which, however, was now designated as -the seventh
company of the second battalion; the regiment, brig-
ade and division remaining as before. Nathaniel
Doan was elected captain in place of Carter, promoted
to major of the battallion. Samuel Jones was chosen
"leuftenant" (as the record says) and Sylvanus Bark
(of Euclid) ensign. The judges were Major Carter,
W. W. Williams and William Erwhi. The whole
number of votes present was thirty, twenty-nine of
whom voted for Doan and Jones; each of the worthy
candidates declining to vote for himself. Sylvanus
Burk, however, received but twenty-four votes; the
other six- soing to Bzekiel Hawley, or Holley, as the
name was sometimes spelled.

As the list of voters at this election comprised
nearly all the males between eigiiteen and forty-five
then in the county, we transcribe it from Col. Whit-
tlesey's work, although the orthography of some of
the names is a little doubtful. It is as follows: Jack
P. Mason, David Kellogg, Ebenezer Charter, Jacob
Coleman, Benjamin Warder, Daniel Parkei', Cliristo-
fer Gun, William Coleman, John Doan, Thomas
Thomas, Henry Norton, Harry Gun, Jonathan Hub-
bard, iSIasou Clerk, Nathan Chapman, Neheniiah
Dille Timothy Doan, Seth Doan, Steven Gilbert,
Samuel Hurst, Richard Blin, Bpetary Rogers, Samuel
Jones, Nathaniel Doan, William Erwin, Benjamin
Wood, Sylvanus Burk, Samuel Dille, Meage Deta,
Charles Prard.

On the -^st of December, of this year, the county of
Geauga was formed from Trumbull by act of the leg-
islature. It embraced all that part of the present
Cuvahoga county east of the river, and all west as far
as the west line of range fourteen; that is, the west
line of Rockport, Middleburg and Strongsville. The
present townships of Dover and Olmstead still re-
mained nominally attached to Trumbull county. The
act did not go into operation until March, 1806.

The seat of justice of the new county was fixed at

Ohardon, where it is still located. This was more
convenient than Warren, but was still very unsatisfac-
tory to the people near the mouth of the Cuyahoga,
who were patiently expecting a great city to grow up
at that point, and thouglit it inconsistent with the
general fitness of things that they should journey
nearly thirty miles, to an interior village, to settle their
quarrels or record their deeds. So they made strenu-
ous efforts to promote the organization of a county
extending on both sides of the Cuyahoga, the natural
focus of which should be near the mouth of that
stream.

Soon after the cession by the Indians of that part
of the Reserve west of the Cuyahoga, Messrs. Abram
Tappen and Aaron Sessions obtained a contract for
surveying it into townships. They and their twelve
employees met at Cleveland on the 15th day of May,
1806, to commence their work. The United States
government had directed Seth Pease, then assistant
postmaster-general, to survey the south line of the
Reserve. Tappen and Sessions waited several days
for him to come to Cleveland, but as he did not do so
they proceeded without him; running their meridians
so far south, that Pease's line would be sure to cross
them. Pease did not begin his work until the 24th
of June, when the meridians were nearly finished.

The same system was pursued on the west side as
on the east; the townships being laid off five miles
square, the best being taken as a standard, and some
of the others l)eing divided and added to the remaiu-
der to bring them up to that standard. An equalizing
committee, on behalf of the proprietors, went with
the surveyors.

It was while this survey was going on that the cele-
brated total eclipse of June 16, 1806, occurred; the
day becoming in the forest as dark as night itself, and
giving the Indians cause to think they had offended
the Great Spirit by selling the homes of their fathers
to the intruding white men.

Amos Spallord, of Cleveland, and Almon Rnggles,
of Huron, were authorized by the Connecticut Land
Company and the proprietors of the Fire Lands to
run the line between their respective tracts. This
being done, there remained, as near as could be
ascertained, eight hundred and twenty-nine thousand
acres west of the Cuyahoga for the Connecticut Land
Company.

Early in the spring of this year, 1806, an event
occurred which, though affecting but a few persons,
is so typical of the hardships of the pioneer days,
when those who met with misfortune often failed of
rescue on account of the sparseness of the population,
that we have thought best to repeat it in the general
history of the county. A man named Hunter, his
wife and child, a colored man named Ben, and a
small colored boy, who were moving to Cleveland
from the settlements in Michigan in a small boat,
were surprised on the lake by a heavy gale. They
were driven ashore a short distance east of Rocky
river. Unable to ascend the high, perpendicular

ir(^f^^ (T^

THE PERIOD FROM 1807 TO 1813.

bluff, they all climbed up the rocks as far as they
conld, and there they waited with the cold waters of
the lake beating continuously over them, hoping and
praying that some chance traveler on the blufl above
them might hear their cries, or some passing vessel
might afford them relief. But no traveler came
through the darksome forest, and, as the storm
increased, all vessels remained within the protection
of the harbors.

They wore wrecked on Friday. On Saturday the
storm grew more violent, and the two children per-
ished from the chilling effect of the waters which
washed over them. On Sunday Mrs. Hunter suc-
cumbed to the same augry element and expired. On
Monday her husband, exhausted by cold and hunger,
also died, leaving the colored man, Ben, clinging
alone to the wreck and breasting the storm, which,
however, was now abating. Still another night he
remained in his terrible position. On Tuesday some-
French traders, who had started in a boat from Cleve-
land for Detroit, saw poor Ben on his dismal perch,
took him on board, turned about and carried him
back to Cleveland. They left him at the tavern of
Major Carter, who treated him with the generosity he
usually bestowed on outcasts of every description.
Ben's toes were frozen so that they came off, and the
terrible sufferings he had undergone brought on the
rheumatism, which twisted his limbs out of shajje, so
that he was hardly able to crawl around throughout
the whole of the succeeding season. In the special
history of Cleveland will be found an account of the
after adventures of Major Carter, poor Ben and his
Kentucky master.

Another sad adventure of the year 1806 was the loss
of the schooner "Washington," though only slight-
ly connected with this county. It received one of the
first clearances from the new port at the mouth of
the Cuyahoga, sailed out upon the lake and was
never heard of more.

CHAPTER X.

THE PERIOD FKOM 1807 TO 1812.

Formation of Cuyahoga County — Its Boundaries— Still attached to
Geauga— Murder of Mohawk and Nicksaw— Excitement in this Coun-
ty—Demand of Stigwanish for Justice— "Snow cannot lie"— De-
scripiion of Stigwanish— Scheme to open Rivers and make Portage
Road- A Lottery authorized for that Purpose— Fine Promises— No
Performance— Draft of Land west of Cuyahoga -Judge Huntington
elected Governor— Another Disaster— Wrecked under a Bluff- A Son's
Bravery— A Difficult Rescue- Numerous Deaths by Drowning— Cleve-
land made the Seat of Justice of Cuyahoga— A Primitive Bill for Serv-
ices—A United States Senator from Cuyahoga County— An Early Mail
Route —Carrying the Mail under Difficulties- Organization of the Coun-
ty—First Officers— Huron County attached to Cuyahoga— The First
Court-Census of 1810— First Physician— First Practicing Attorney-
Fears of Indian Hostilities— Extension of the Western Bounds of
Cuyahoga— Increased Excitement regarding War— A Murder by In-
dians-Trial of Omic— His Bravado after Conviction— Mrs. Long's
Fright -The Execution— Major Jones's Perplexity— Omic's Terror— A
Bargain to be hung for Whisky -More Trouble— More Whisky— Hung
at last— Removal of the Body— Declaration of War.

Wb begin this chapter with an actual Cuyahoga
county, ia place of " the territory of Cuyahoga coun-

ty," which has hitherto been the scene of our story.
On the 10th day of February, 1807, the legislature
passed an act creating three new counties — Ashtabula,
Portage and Cuyahoga. The latter included all that
part of Geauga county west of the east line of range
ten — that is, the east line of Solon, Orange, May field
and Willoughby, then called Chagrin. Both east and
west of the river the southern boundary of the counly
was the same as now, but the western boundary ran
along the westei'ii side of range fourteen (Strongsvilie,
Middlcburg and Rockpoi't). In short the boundaries
of the county were the same on its first formation as
now, except that it included Willoughby, now in Lake
county, and excluded Dover and Olmstead. It was
left attached to (leauga county for judicial purposes
until it should be organized by the due appointment
of othcers, which was not until three years later.

About the time of the formation of the county the
people became greatly excited over events which al-
most portended an Indian war. In the latter part of
January an Indian called John Mohawk killed a white
man named Daniel Diver near Hudson — now Summit
county. Two of Diver's friends named Darrovv and
Williams determined to avenge the murder. Finding
a Seneca Indian named Nicksaw in the woods, and
either believing him to be the murderer, or not caring
whether he was or not, they came upon him without
a word of warning and shot him dead in his tracks.
Major Carter and Mr. Campbell, the trader, went with
the chief Stigwanish and buried the slain Indian;
all agreeing that the snow showed no ajipearance of
combat or resistance.

It was soon ascertained beyond doubt that it was
not Nicksaw but John Mohawk who had killed Diver.
Then the whites were anxious that Mohawk should
be demanded from the Indians and punished for his
crime. At the same time it was suggested by some
of the leading men that Darrow and Williams should
be arrested and punished for their crime. But their
neighbors bitterly opposed this, and threatened death
to any officer who should attempt to arrest them.
The excitement spread ii;to this county, where some
of the whites were opposed to the arrest of Darrow
and Williams, while others looked askance at the In-
dians still encamped across the river from Clevehind,
and were anxious above all else for a course which
would keep the peace with those few but dangerous
enemies.

On the tenth of February Judge Huntington Avroto
to General Wadsworth that he had seen Stigwanish,
(or Seneca as he was commonly called) the same chief
befoi-e mentioned as the brother of " Big Son," and
who was usually regarded as the head of all the Sene-
cas in this section. Seneca said he wanted justice for
both sides. He was not content to see all the power
of the whites used to inflict punishment of John Mo-
hawk, while they were asfoejj regarding the murder of
an innocent Indian. He offered to deliver up Mohawk
when the slayers of Nicksaw were secured. Referring
to the fact, to which Carter and Campbell certified,

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

that there was no evidence of resistance on the part of
Nicksaw, Seneca said:

"White man may lie — Indian may lie — snow can-
not lie."

He declared he did not want war, but did want jus-
tice. The result of the whole excitement was that
neither party obtained justice; Mohawk was not given
up by the Indians and the murderers of Nicksaw were
not punisiied by the whites.

The chief Stigwanish, or Seneca, was much re-
spected by the whites. General Paine lauded him in
extravagant terms as having the honesty of Aristides,
the dignity of a Roman senator and the benevolence
of William Penn. Unlike the average " noble red
man," he never asked for a gift, and when one was
voluntarily made to him he would always return it by
another of equal value. The general also stated that
he abjured all spirituous liquors, but was obliged to
add that this abstinence was caused by his having, in a
drunken fury, split open the head of his infant child
with a tomahawk, while aiming a deadly blow at his
squaw, on whose back the child was strapped. It is
difficult, after learning this, to look with very intense
admiration upon the general's hero. Stigwanish was
killed in Holmes county in 1816, by a white man who
said that the chief had fired upon him; so we are left
in doubt whether the benevolent and senatorial Seneca
had not relapsed into his former habits.

About this time a scheme was set on foot to clear
the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers of logs and other
obstructions, so as to make them passable for large
boats, and at tlie same time to construct a good wagon
road over the portage between the two streams ; thus
forminga continuous communication for heavy freight
between Lake Erie and the Ohio river. As was cus-
tomary in those days, the legislature was called on to
authorize a lottery in order to raise the needed cash.
It was rare indeed that any important public work
was attempted in the forepart of the [iresent century
without a lottery being organized to provide the whole
or a part of the funds. '

In this case the managers were authorized to issue
twelve thousand tickets, at five dollars each; making a
total of sixty-four thousand dollars. This was done,
and in return they offered one jirize of five thousand
dollars; two of two thousand five hundred each; five
of one thousand each; ten of five hundred each; fifty
of a hundred each; a hundred of fifty each, and three
thousand four hundred of ten dollars each. This
made the total amount of the prize? sixty-four thou-
sand dollars; just the value of all the tickets. A
deduction of twelve and a half per cent., however, was
to be made from the various prizes, which, supiDosing
that all the tickets were sold, would furnish eight
thousand dollars with which to pay the expenses of
the lottery, clear out the rivers and build the portage
road. This does not appear like a very liberal allow-
ance, considering the amount likely to be swallowed
up by the expenses of the lottery and the probability
that many tickets would be left unsold; so that, aside

from the moral qualities of the scheme, it does not
impress one very favorably regarding the business
shrewdness of our primeval financiers.

Twelve commissioners were appointed by the legis-
ature to conduct the enterprise, of whom six were
from this county. These were Hon. Samuel Hunt-
ington, judge of the supreme court (who, however,
removed to Painesville the same year), Major Amos
Spafford, Hon. John Walworth, Major Lorenzo Car-
ter, James Kingbury, Esq., and Timothy Doan, Esq.
Hon. John Walworth, of Cleveland, was appointed
general agent. Agents for the sale of tickets were
also appointed in Zanesville, Steubenville, Albany,
New York, Hartford and Boston, who were authorized
to i)ay prizes in those places — when they should be
drawn.

But, despite the list of civil and military notables
concerned in the scheme, that time never came. It
was found impossible to sell more than a fourth of
the tickets. The drawing was postponed from time
to time in the hope of an increase ol funds, and even
as late.as 1811 was still expected to take place. Fi-
nally, however, it was entirely given up and the
money already paid in was returned, without interest,
to the purchasers of tickets. Thus ended the first
scheme of internal improvement connected with Cuy-
ahoga county.

On the second day of April in this year took place
the "draft" of the Land Company's land west of the
Cuyahoga; that is, the townships were distributed by
lot among groups of owners, who thereupon received
deeds from the trustees. The subdivision of the
townships into lots by the owners was still to be made
before the work of settlement could well commence.

Although, as before stated. Judge Huntington re-
moved to Painesville (now Lake county) this year, yet
he was so thoroughly identified with the early history
of Cuyahoga county as to make it eminently proper
to notice the fact that in the autumn of 1807 he was
elected governor of Ohio, in place of Hon. Edward
Tiffin, appointed United States senator. Mr. Tiffin
was the first executive of the State, having been
elected for a second term, and so it happened that the
second governor of Ohio was a gentleman whose home
for six years had been among the forests, the wolves
and the log-cabins of Cuyahoga county.

It must be added that Judge H. probably left
Cleveland because he despaired of its future. Ague,
ague, ague, was the cry of all who came to the mouth
of the Cuyahoga, and ten years after its settlement
Cleveland had not probably over thirty inhabita.nts.
This condition of the only port where there was a
good harbor discouraged immigrants at the very
threshold of the county, and naturally retarded set-
tlement in the back townships, though we cannot
learn that these were any worse in regard to sickness
than the rest of northern Ohio.

Governor Huntington served one term as chief
magistrate of the State. He afterwards resided on
his farm near Painesville until his death.

THE PERIOD FROM 1807 TO 1812.

Early in the spring of 1808 occurred another of the
sad events so frequent in the early annals of the
county. Stephen Gilbert, one of the two first con-
stables of the county Joseph Plumb, Adolphus Spaf-

ford, (son of Major Amos) and Gillmore, started

on a bateau from Cleveland on a fishing expedition to
the Maumee river. A colored woman called Mary was
also on board the boat as a passenger, intending to
stop at Black river, where Major Nathan Perry "was
keeping a trading-house, and where some goods be-
longing to him were to be put on shore.

A Mr. White, of Newburg, and two sons of Joseph
Plumb, who had expecbed to go on the boat but were
too late, took the Indian trail to Black river, expecting
to get on board there. In tlie western part of the
present town of Dover, hearing cries of distress, they
looked down to the foot of the bluff, and saw sixty
feet beneath them the boat in which their friends had
set sail, bottom side up, while near it was the elder
Ml-. Plumb, the sole survivor of the crew. He told
them that the boat had capsized a mile from shore.
The woman was drowned at once. All the others ex-
cept Plumb were good swimmers and had struck out
for shore, but the water was so cold that one after
another their strength failed them and they sank to
rise no more. Plumb, being unable to swim, got
astride the boat and was thus driven ashore. He was
seriously hurt, however, and was scarcely able to move,
on account of his immersion in the extremely cold
water of the lake.

His friends hardly knew what to do, as he could
not climb up the almost perpendicular bluff and they
could not get down to him. It was quickly decided,
however, that Mr. White and one of the young men
should hasten on to Black river, some twelve miles
distant, to obtain aid and ropes, while the other son
remained to comfort his father. The latter was so
overcome with cold, and so discouraged by the circum-
stances in which he found himself, that the young man
determined to reach him at all hazards. Climbing part-
ly down the bluff he found an ironwood sapling whicii
grew out partly over the beach. Young Plumb
crawled upon this to the outermost bushes, and the
tough ironwood bent far down beneath his weight.
Suspending himself by his hands to the lowest-reach-
ing branches, the brave young man finally let go,
dropping over twenty feet to the sandy beach below,
and fortunately escaping unhurt. He made his father
as comfortable as possible, and together they awaited
the coming of aid.

Darkness came on and still no relief appeared. At
length, when the night was well advanced, shouts
were heard and lights were seen on the bluff above.
White and young Plumb had returned, accompanied
by Major Perry and Quintus P. Atkins, who probably
comprised the whole male population at Black river
at that time. They brought ropes and lanterns, but
their task was still one of considerable difficulty.
The elder Mr. Plumb weighed some two hundred
and twenty pounds, and it was no easy task to raise

him by sheer strength up that sixty-feet bluff. How-
ever, one end of the rope was made fast to a tree, the
other was let down to the men below, and fastened
by young Plumb under his father's arms. The four
men above then began to "haul in," and by exerting
their united strength finally landed the old gentleman
at the top of the bluff ; he and they being alike
almost exhausted by the operation. The young man
was then drawn up with comparative ease.

Such were the dangers from the turbulent lake and
the rock bound coast that out of the eighteen deaths
of residents of Cleveland, occurring during the twelve
first years of the settlement, no less than eleven were
by drowning. It will be seen that, notwithstanding
the evil reputation of the locality as to health, there
was not a very large proportion of deaths by disease.
In fact the ague seldom killed; it only made people
wish they wei-e dead.

In the spring of 1809 a commission was appointed
by the State to select a location for the seat of justice
of Cuyahoga county. The only place besides Cleve-
land which had serious claims to this honor was
Newburg, which had as large a population as the
former village, or larger, and was a much more healthy
and thriving locality. Ilowevei-, the position at the
mouth of the Cuyahoga, with its possibilities of future
greatness, carried the day in spite of the ague, and
Cleveland was duly selected. The time employed by
the commissioners and the salary paid them are both
shown by the following extract from the bill presented
by one of the honorable commissioners, from Colum-
biana county, which also gives a hint of the orthog-
raphy often practiced among the officials of the day:

"A Leven Days, Two Dollars per day, Twenty-two
dollars. "

In an accompanying letter to Abraham Tappen the
commi.5sionor requested that he present the bill to the
" Nixt Cort," by whicli he would much oblige "your
humble Sarvent."

In the spring of 1809 another citizen of Cuyahoga
county was elevated to distinguished honors. Hon.
Stanley Griswold, who had been secretary of the Ter-
ritory of Michigan under Governor Hall, had resigned
that position and located himself at " Doan's Corners,"
four miles east of Cleveland village. He was a man
of marked ability and when, in the forepart of 1809,
Mr. Tiffin resigned his seat as United States senator.
Governor Huntington appointed Mr. Griswold to fill
his place.

In a letter written about this time the new senator
expressed the opinion that this would be a good loca-
tion for a physician; there being none in the county,
and none of any eminence within fifty miles. Still,
he said, a doctor would have to keep school a part of
the time in order to make a living, until there was a
larger population. Senator Griswold only served dur-
in"- the remainder of one session, but it is somewhat
remarkable that Cuyahoga county should have fur-
nished a State governor and a United States senator
before it possessed a doctor.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

The contract for carrying the mail through a wide
region was at this time held by Joseph Burke, of
Euclid, whose two sous were tlic mail carriers ; one of
them having been the late Gains Burke of Newburg.
The route was from Cleveland to Hudson, Ravenna,
Deerficld, Warren, Mesopotamia, Windsor, Jefferson,
Austinburg, Harpersfield, Painesvillc, aud thence back
to Cleveland. This was the only route any part of
which was in Cuyahoga county, except the main line
to the west along the lake shore, and Cleveland still
possessed the only post-office in the county.

Mr. Gains Burke, in a letter on tile among the ar-
chives of the Historical Society, says that the road
was underbrushed most of the way, but there were no
bridges, and streams and swamps were numerous. In
the summer the two youngsters by turns carried the
mail on horseback, but when wet weather came in
the spring and fall they had to trudge on foot; the
roads being too bad to be traveled on horseback, much
less with a wagon. On reaching streams the carrier
sometimes crossed in a canoe or on a raft, kept thei-e
for the accommodation of travelers. Sometimes he
got astride a convenient piece of flood-wood and pad •
died obliquely to the opposite shore. And sometimes,
in default of any of these resources, he waded the
stream, or, if it was too deep for that, plunged boldly
in and swam across, keeping his little bag of letters
above his head as best ho might. The population
v/as still extremely sparse; there being spaces five, ten
or even fifteen miles in width without a single house.

At length, in May, 1810, Cuyahoga county was
duly organized by the appointment of the proper of-
ficers, and began its indei^endent existence. The first
officers were Hon. Benjamin Ruggles, presiding judge
of the court of common pleas; Nathan Perry, Sr., A.
Gilbert and Timothy Doan, associate judges; John
Walworth, clerk; and Smith S. Baldwin, sheriff. At
this time Huron county, which was still unorganized,
was attached to Cuyahoga county for judicial aud
legislative purposes, as was also a tract between the
two counties, which appears to have been left outside
of any county boundaries. The first court was held
at the newly erected store of Elias and Harvey Mur-
ray, in Cleveland. One indictment was presented for
petit larceny, several for selling whisky to Indians,
and others for selling foreign goods without license.
By the United .States census of this year the popu-
lation of the county was found to be one thousand
four hundred and ninety-five, a considerable portion
of whom, however, resided in " Chagrin " or Wil-
loughby, which has since been transferred to Lake
county. The remainder of the settlers were in what
is now Cleveland, Eixst Cleveland, Euclid, Mayfield,
Newburg, Independence and Brooklyn, with a very
few m Middleburg.

It was not until 1810 that a physician became a
permanent resident of Cuyahoga county; this was I)r.
David Long, a native of Washington county, Ndw
York, who then settled at Cleveland, where he prac-
ticed his profession throughout a long and useful life.

Alfred Kelley, Esq., who was admitted to the bar
and made prosecuting attorney of the district on the
7th of November, 1810, at the age of twenty-one, was
the first practicing lawyer in the county, Mr. Hunt-
ington's time having been entirely occupied by other
duties.

During this year the people became much excited
by the rumors of Indian war from the "West, where
Tecumseh and his brother, "the Prophet," were en-
deavoring to unite all the widely scattered tribes
from the Gulf of Mexico to the great lakes in a
league against the ever-encroaching Americans. War,
too, was anticipated between the United States and
Great Britain, and a decided feeling of uneasiness
spread over the whole frontier. Although there were
scattered settlements from Cuyahoga county west-
ward along the lake shore to the Maumee, yet back
from the lake nearly the whole country was still an
unbroken forest or an uninhabited prairie from the
Cuyahoga river to the Pacific ocean, and there was
nothing improbable in Tecumseh and his savage fol-
lowers making a raid among the scattered inhabitants
of Cuyahoga county.

In 1811 the fears of the people were again aroused
by an earthquake, which gave a perceptible shock, and
which was thought by many to portend some dire
disaster. But ere long came the news of the battle of
Tippecanoe, in which the warriors of the great league
were totally defeated by the American troops under
General Harrison. Then, for a time, the people rested
free from the fears of Indian invasion.

By an act passed on the 25th day of January of this
year, (1811,) the western boundary of the county,
which as defined by the act creating it was the same
as the western boundary of the present townships
of Strongsville, Middleburg and Rockport, was car-
ried from ten to fifteen miles farther west. Begin-
ning at the southwest corner of the present township
of Eaton, Lorain county, (township five, range six-
teen,) the new line ran thence north to the north-
west corner of that township; thence west to the
middle of Black river, and thence down the center of
that stream to the lake. The tract thus united to
Cuyahoga county consisted of the present townships
of Dover and Olmstead, which have ever since re-
mained in it, and the townships of Avon, Ridgeville,
Columbia and Eaton, aud parts of Sheffield and
Elyria, now in Lorain county.

Despite of Indian troubles, emigration was still flow-
ing south and west, and in this year township five,
range twelve, now known as Brecksville, was subdi-
vided into lots ready for settlement.

During the forepart of 1812 the excitement on the
frontier became intense; for it was known that the
question of declaring war was being continuously de-
bated in Congress, and no one knew at what moment
its fury might bo unchained. This locality was one
of peculiar danger; for not only were the Indians
threatening massacre a short distance to the westward
but the whole broadside of the county lay open to

^.AM^u^^

THE PERIOD EROM 1807 TO 1812.

Lake Erie, aud on Lake Erie the Britisli had several
armed vessels while the Americans had none.

The prevailing uneasiness was increased by the mur-
der of two white men by three Indians in Huron
county, although the crime was committed solely to
obtain the furs of the victims, and had no connection
with any general hostile movement. The people of
the vicinity, discovering the bones of the victims be-
neath the ashes of their cabin, which the Indians had
fired, turned out in pursuit and captured all three of
the murderers, with the property of the murdered men
in their possession. One of them, a mere boy, was
allowed to escape. Another, named Semo, after he
was arrested placed the muzzle of his gun under his
chin, pulled the trigger with his toe and instantly
killed himself. The third was a young Indian who
had lived in the vicinity of Cleveland, and was com-
monly called Omic, and sometimes as John Omic, to
distinguish him from his father who was known as Old
Omic. He wsis only about twenty-one years old, very
hardy and athletic, and already well known for his
vicious disposition; having several times committed
offenses, some of which are related in the history of
Cleveland city, in this work.

Huron county being attached to Cuyahoga for judi-
cial purposes, Omic was brought hither for trial, and
the subsequent proceedings in his case are perhaps
more clearly remembered by the few survivors of that
period, and are more fully detailed in history, than any
other events occurring here dui-ing the first quarter of
this century. There being neither court-house nor jail,
the criminal was confined in Major Clarke's ball-room,
in charge of the worthy major himself, who was duly
deputized for the purpose. He had more influence
with the Indians than any one else in the county, and
it was doubtless thought there would be less danger
of an outbreak on their part if the culprit were under
his charge than otherwise. Strong irons were placed
on Omic's ankles and fastened by a chain to a joist.

Mrs. Miles, before mentioned, tells of going to see
him there, and talking with him. She had been well
acquainted with him before he committed his crime,
as indeed had almost every one in the vicinity. On
the trial Alfred Kelley, the prosecuting attorney and
the only lawyer in this county, appeared for the peo-
ple, and Peter Hitchcock was assigned as counsel for
the prisoner. The evidence of his guilt was clear,
the jury brought in a verdict of guilty, and the court
sentenced Omic to be hung on the 36th day of June,

1813.

After his conviction the culprit talked with great
unconcern of the coming execution. He declared
that he would show the pale faces how an Indian
could die. They need not tie his hands. He would
jump off the gallows when his time came without
hesitation. Down to the last there was more or less
fear of rescue by the Indians, many of whom were
always around Cleveland. Old Omic, shortly before
the execution, came into the house of Dr. Long on
Water street, Cleveland, no one being there except

Mrs. Long and her infant child (now Mrs. Severance)
who was sleeping in the cradle. The Indian picked
up a gun which was standing in the room. Mrs.
Long instantly imagined that he was about to kill
her or the child, in revenge for the expected execution
of his son. Snatching the babe from the cradle, she
ran at full speed up Water street, screaming with all
her might, while Omic, having laid down the gun,
followed more slowly, trying to explain himself in
broken English to the panic-stricken woman. Mr.
Samuel Williamson, who lived on Water street, took
the child from Mrs. Long and went with her to
Major Carter's, who was the great authority on all In-
dian questions. Omic came up and explained to the
major, in Indian, that he only picked up the gun to
show Mrs. Long how Semo, the accomplice of John
Omic, had killed himself after he was arrested. This
was translated by Carter to Mrs. Long and the white
men who had gathered around, and then, as Mrs.
Long said, they "all had a hearty laugh," though it
is doubtful whether the young mother fully enjoyed
the humor of the mistake.

At length the day of execution arrived. People
came from far and near to witness the scene. Fear-
ing a rescue, many brought their arms with them,
besides which, a battalion of militia was ordered
out under Major Samuel Jones. The major was
a fine-looking man, in full uniform, with large
gold epaulets and well-plumed cocked hat, but the
management of a few companies of militia severely
tasked his military skill. He drew them up in
front of Carter's hotel, and Omic was brought forth
aud seated on his coffin, in a wagon painted black for
the occasion. After religious services, conducted by
the Rev. Mr. Darrow, of Trumbull county. Major
Jones undertook to surround the wagon, and the
officials which accompanied it with his battalion, but
was unable to accomplish his object. After waiting
a reasonable time, while the major galloped back and
forth, shouting forth all sorts of orders but the right
ones. Sheriff Baldwin moved forward with the pro-
cession. Some one then suggested to the major that
he march his men by the right flank to the gallows,
and double his line around it, which he accordingly
did.

Omic kept up his bravado almost to the last, and
rode to the gallows, as Mrs. Miles says, keeping time
to the music by drumming on his coffin. When they
arrived at the place of execution, which was near the
northwest corner of the public square, Sheriff Bald-
win, Major Carter and Omic mounted the gallows.
The culprit's arms were loosely fastened together at
the elbows, and a rope with a loop in it was put around
his neck. Erom the top-piece above swung another
rope, with an iron hook at the end, to which the first
rope was fastened. Major Carter descended from the
gallows and the sheriff drew the black cap down over
Omic's face. Then, at length, all the culprit's bravado
deserted him. He was, said Hon. Elisha Whittlesey
in a statement published by his nephew. Col. Whit-

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

tlesey, the most frigliteiied man, " rational or irra-
tional," that he ever saw. He bent down his head,
seized the rope with his loosely-pinioned right hand,
stepped to the nearest post and threw his other arm
around it. The sheriff approaclied, when Omic
seized him and seemed likely to throw him from the
gallows to the ground.

Major Carter again went upon the gallows, and
asked Omic in his native tongue to remember what
he had said about sliowing the palefaces how an In-
dian could die, bat witliout effect. At length, how-
ever, tlie culprit said that if he could have a l)ig
drink of wliisky he would make no more trouble.
Carter urged compliance and the sheriff assented. A
large tumbler nearly full of "old Monongahela " was
soon produced. Omic took the glass and swallowed
the liquor in an instant. He then declared he was
ready for death. Carter came down, and the sheriff
again drew the black cap over the face of the criminal.

His former terrors immediately returned. Again
he reached up his hand and seized the rope, at the
same time throwing his othei: arm around the post
and defying the efforts of the sheriff to detach him.
He talked rapidly and incoherently in mingled Indian
and broken English, declaring that he would return
in two days and wreak vengeance on the palefaces.
Once more the indefatigable Carter went up to act as
interpreter and dijjloQiatist. The sheriff does not
seem to have had much nerve or lie would have called
assistance, wrapjied the scoundrel with cords so tight-
ly that he could not move, and if necessary thrown
him from the gallows. Another disgraceful alterca-
tion ensued, and at length Omic gave Major Carter
his " word of honor as an Indian " that if he could
have one more glorious drink he would submit quiet-
ly to his doom. Even to this the sheriff was weak
enough to assent. This time, however, the tumbler
was not given to the culj)rit but held to his mouth,
and while he was drinking Sheriff Baldwin tightened
tlie rope on his arms, and drew up the one above so
that Omic could not go to the post.

The platform was again cleared, but notwithstand-
ing all the precautions Omic managed to slip the fin-
gers of his right hand between the rope and his neck.
The sheriff, however, did not wait for any farther
parley but cut the rope which upheld the platform.
The man fell the length of his rope, swung to and
fro several times, and at length hung quiet.

Meanwhile a storm was seen coming up rapidly from
the northwest. It being doubted whether the crim-
inal's neck was broken, the rope was drawn up and let
suddenly down, when it broke and the body fell heavi-
ly to the ground. The dark clouds swept rapidly
over the sky, and warning drops of rain began to fall.
The body was hastily placed in the cofiBn, and as hasti-
ly deposited in the grave which had been dug near
the gallows. Even while this was being done the rain
began to pour down in ton-ents and the crowd swiftly
separated to seek for sheller; the militiamen not wait-
ing to perform any more evolutions, and the gilt-

edged officers hurrying at the top of their speed to
save their ornaments from untimely ruin. The flint-
lock muskets of the men were so wet that fifty In-
dians with tomahawks could probably have captured
the place. Tlie red men, however, never manifested,
so far as known, any disposition for revenge.

Nearly all the physicians of the Reserve were
present, determined to obtain the body, if possible, for
dissection. After dark several of them went to the
square, the sheriff conveniently closing his eyes, and
took the body from the unfilled grave. Omic was
quite fat and heavy, but Dr. Allen, of Trumbull
county, volunteered to carry him alone. The body
was accordingly placed on tlie doctor's back, but
before he got out of the square he stumbled against a
stump and fell to the ground, with his ghastly burden
on top of him. His companions smothei'ed their
laughter for fear of discovery, (it might not have
been very pleasant to be discovered by any lingering
Indians,) and assisted to carry the corpse to the place
of dissection. It was reported among the citizens, at
the time, that some of the physicians said they could
easily have restored life after the body was on the
dissection table, but this is extremely doubtful, con-
sidering the hours that had elapsed since the hanging.
The body was duly dissected, and the skeleton long
remained in the possession of Dr. Long.

Two days later a swift riding expressman galloped
into Cleveland, bearing the President's proclamation
that on the 18th of June, 1813, war had been declared
by the Congress of the United States against the
king- of Great Britain.

CHAPTER XI.

THE ■WAB OF 1812.

A Quiet hut Anxious Beginning— News of Hull's Surrender— Great
Excitement- -Reported Approach of Indians— General Alarm— Prep-
arations for Fight— Tlie Wat(;li at_ Night— An Approaching Vessel—
"Who are you"— Prisoners ot Hull's Army— A Militia Company-
Copy of its Roll— Captain Gay lord's Riflemen— General Rally of the
Militia— Colonel Cass— Obtaining Provisions and Forage— Generals
Perkins and Beall— A Succession of Fugitives— Elisha Dibble— His
Detachment of Scouts— The Battle of the Peninsula— Building a
Conrt-Hou.se— Winter— Preparations in the Spring— Major Jessup—
Governor Meigs— Captain Sholes's Regulars— Fort Huntington— Ap-
proach of the British Fleet— A Calm— A Storm— A Foraging Party
in EucUd— General Harrison— Attack on Fort Meigs— Appearance of
Peri-y's Fleet^-The Commander on Shore— Mrs. Stedman's Recollec-
tions—Guns and Men of the Fleet— At work on the CourtHouse—
A Distant Sound— "It's Perry's Guns"— Off to the Lake Shore—
Listenmg— •' Hurrah for Perry"— News of Victory— General Exulta-
tion—Harrison's Victoiy— Harrison and Pen-y at Cleveland— Disturb-
ing News— Quiet through 1814— Incorporation of Cleveland— Peace.

For the first two months after the declaration of
war tliere was not much more excitement than during
the previous two months, when the people were only
expecting it. The militia were frequently called out
for drill, arms and munitions were issued, and many
anxious eyes were often turned toward the lake; for
none could be sure but that at any moment a British
armed vessel might approach off the coast, and land a
force of invaders or a parly of marauders. Many

THE WAR OF 1813.

ears listened nervously, too, to every blast that swept
through the western forest, uncertain whether some
ferocious band of Indians might not make their way
past the American outposts, and enter on a crusade of
cruelty among the people of the frontier. It was gen-
erally believed, however, that the forces gathering
under General Van Rensselaer on the Niagara ,and
under General Hull at Detroit, would soon take pos-
session of the upper peninsula of Canada, opposite
this county, and thus relieve the people here of all
farther anxiety in regard to danger from that quarter.
Expressmen almost daily galloped back and forth
along the lake shore; those from the west bearing
news successively of the increase of Hull's army, of
its advance into Canada, and then of its .retreat to the
American shore, whei-e, however, it was believed to be
amply able to defeat any force which could be brought
against it. But shortly after the 16th of August a
messenger came dashing into Cleveland from the west,
bearing the terrible news that on that day General
Hull had surrendered his whole force to the British
and trheir Indian allies, who might be expected at any
moment to attack the defenceless inhabitants on the
south shore of Lake Erie. Instantly all was excite-
ment and anxiety. Expresses were sent out in vari-
ous directions to notify the peojale, and also to Major
General Wadsworth at Canfield, (now Mahoning-
county,) to beg for the aid of the militia.

Within twenty-four hours another messenger
brought the news that the British and Indians were
actually approaching; their vessels had been seen
near Huron ; nay, as near as he could learn, they had
lauded in that locality, and the massacre of the peo-
ple had actually commenced. Then indeed there w;s
dismay on every side. Many doubted the correetness
of the information, but few desired to run the risk of
proving its falsity. A large proportion of the people
of Cleveland set forth, in all haste, along the forest
roads which led through Euclid and Newburg to safer
regions. The bolder men sent ofE tlieir families, and
themselves seized their arms, ready to do battle with
the invading foe. Mrs. Walworth, Mrs. Dr. Long
and one or two other ladies, however, peremptorily
refused to leave. If they could do nothing else
they could nurse the wounded in case of battle, and
at all hazards they would stay by their husbands.

As the alarm spread through the county, it grew
more intense with every mile of advance. The roads
were soon crowded with ox-wagons and horse-wagons,
with travelers on horseback and travelers on foot.
Here could be seen a clumsy cart in wliich had been
thrown a feather-bed, two or three iron pots, all the
crockery of the family, a side of bacon and a bag of
corn meal; on top of which were a frightened matron
and half a dozen tow-headed children, while tlie
father of tiie family applied his long "gad" with
unflinching energy to the backs of the lumbering
cattle, wliich were moving altogether too slowly to suit
so desperate an emergency. Swiftly passing there
would be seen a woman on horseback, with one child

before and another behind, while scores of men, wo-
men and children, blessed with neither horses nor
oxen, were trudging wearily on foot, trembling every
moment lest the dread war-whoops of the savages
should be hoard in their rear. In the midst of all
these, however, were to be seen some brave men, with
muslcets and rifles on their shoulders, hastening
rapidily to Cleveland to aid in repelling the foe.

These, united with the little squad of Clevelanders,
made up in the course of the day a company' of
thirty or forty men. As night came on, they posted
sentinels along the water's edge, and then lay down
with their clothes on in the nearest deserted dwell-
ings, to await the result. Hour after hour passed, and
naught occurred to renew the alarm of the day. But
soon after midnight the sentinels quietly gave warn-
ing to their comrades. The latter sprang up, ad-
justed their powder-horns and bullet-pouches, ex-
amined the locks of their weapons, and hastened
silently to the mouth of the river. Sure enough;
through the darkness of the night the white sails and
black hull of a vessel could be seen approaching from
the west, and shaping her course toward the usual
landing-place.

There were few vessels on the lake then and these
had mostly been taken for hostile purposes, so the ap-
proach of a ship from the west at that hour of the
night looked sufficiently susj)ioious, and the sceptics
began to think there might be something serious
ahead. A line of determined men was formed a short
distance from the landing place, and thirty old fire-
locks were cocked as the vessel came steadily onward.

" Hello," cried a sentinel, in unmilitary but con-
venient formula, " who are you?"

"An American vessel," was the reply, " with pa-
roled prisoners of Hull's army."

The little company gave vent to their intense relief
by a general shout, then " broke ranks" without wait-
ing for orders, and were soon fraternizing with the
newcomers, and joining them in cursing General Hull
with the utmost good will. Many of the paroled men
were wounded, and Murray's store was turned into a
hosjaJtal.

A company of militia was speedily called out from
what now constitutes the city of Cleveland, and the
towns of East Cleveland, Euclid, Newburg and per-
haps some others. A copy of the company-roll, ob-
tained from Washington, is on file among the records
of the Western Reserve Historical Society, and we
transcribe it here.

Captain, Harvey Murray; lieutenant, Lewis Dille;
ensign, Alfred Kelley; sergeants, Ebenezer Green,
Simeon Moss, Thomas Hamilton, Seth Doan; corpor-
als, James Root, John Lauterman, Asa Dille, Martin
G. Shelhouse; drummer, David S. Tyler; fifer, Ro-
dolphus Carlton; privates, Aretus Burk, Allen Burk,
Charles Brandon, John Bishop, Moses Bradley, Silas
Burk, Sylvester Beacher, James S. Bills, John Carl-
ton, Mason Clark, Anthony Doyle, Luther Dille,
Samuel Dille, Samuel Dodge, Moses Eldred, Samuel

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOCIA COUNTY.

Evarts, Ebeiiezer Fish, Zebnlon R. S. Freeman, Rob-
ert Harberson, Daniel S. Judd, Jackson James, John
James, Stephen King, Guy Lee, Jacob Mingns,
Thomas Mclh'uth, William ]\IcOoiikey, Samuel Noyes,
David Eeed, John Sweeney, Parker Shadrick, Luther
Sterns, Bazaleel Thorp, John Taylor, Thomas Thom-
as, Hartman Van Duzen, Joseph Williams, Matthew
AVilliamson, John Wrightman, William White, Jo-
seph Burk, Robert Prentice, Benjamin Ogden.

Tiiese went into service on the 23d of August,
1812, and remained in service until the 14th of De-
cember of the same year. They do not, however, ap-
pear to have been very closely confined to their mili-
tary duties; for at the time the roll in question was
made out not less than twenty-two out of the fifty-
six- officers and men were marked "absent on fur-
lough," besides eight absent sick.

Another company, raised principally at Newburg
and vicinity, and composed of riflemen, was com-
manded by Captain Allen Gaylord of that town, but
the roll has not been preserved.

Although the first great alarm had proved un-
founded, yet there was no knowing when an invasion
might occur either by lake or land, and the efforts to
put the country in readiness for such an event were
strenuously continued. General Wadsworth, after
ordering all the militia of his division into the field,
started from Oanfield on the 23d day of August, with
a company of horsemen as escort. Passing through
Hudson, Bedford and Newburg, and endeavoring to
allay the apprehensions of the hundreds of frightened
people whom he met, he rode into Cleveland with his
horsemen about four o'clock in the afternoon of the
24th; to the great joy of the few men assembled
there. Other militia soon followed, and so fai' as
numbers were concerned there were enough to con-
front the whole British army on the frontier.

Benjamin Tappen and Elisha Whittlesey, both
subsequently very distinguished men in the councils
of the nation, were General Wadsworth's aids. The
same evening that the detachment just mentioned
arrived at Cleveland, Colonel Lewis Cass, afterwards
General Cass, the celebrated statesman, came to the
same point from Detroit. Having been in command
of a regiment under Hull, he was bitterly indignant
at the surrender, and never failed to denounce the
cowardly general in the most virulent terms. He
was on his way to Washington on military business^
and was accompanied from Cleveland by ex-Governor
Huntington, of Painesville, who had hastened to his
former home at the first note of danger.

The last named gentleman bore a letter from
General Wadsworth to the war department, in which
he stated that he had called out three thousand men,
but that they were largely destitute of arms, ammuni-
tion and equipments, and that it would even be
difficut to feed them. He urged the department to
give him aid, but did not wait for it to come. He
a|)poiutcd three commissioners of supplies, to pur-
chiise provisions and forage from the people, who,

trusting in the good faith of the government, sold as
cheaply as for coin. The commissioners gave cer-
tificates stating the quantity and value of the article
furnished, and promising to pay for it when the
government should remit the necessary funds.

Many of the frightened people had gone east,
abandoning their crops on the ground or in barns.
These were taken by the commissioners, appraised,
and the owners credifed with the value. Fatigue
parties of soldiers harvested the crops and hauled them
to camp, and the owners were afterwards remunerated
for them.

On the 26th of August Brigadier General Simon
Perkins arrived at Cleveland with a large body of
militia. General Wadsworth sent him forward to
Huron with a thousand men, to build block-houses
and protect the inhabitants. General Reazin Beall
was soon after sent westward with another body
of troops on a similar errand. General Wadsworth
soon received dispatches from Washington, endorsing
his course, urging vigorous action and promising sup-
port. The major general himself soon went westward
with nearly all the rest of his men; being first under
command of General Winchester, and afterwards of
the hero of Tippecanoe, General William H. Harrison.
The same circumstance was noticeable here as at
other points on the frontier, and at other times as
well as at this one; nearly all the inhabitants for a
long distance back from the scene of trouble thought
they must move, but were apparently satisfied by the
act of moving. Thus, while some of the people of
Cuyahoga county fled twenty, thirty or forty miles
eastward, they found there homes abandoned by those
who had gone still farther on. These they could, and
often did, occupy; feeling themselves safe in the same
places from which others had fled in terror. In like
manner, people coming from Huron and beyond
thought they had fled far enough when they reached
the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and made themselves at
iiome in localities only a few days before abandoned
by the previous residents.

Among those who thus came from tlie west was
Elisha Dibble, father of Captain Lewis Dibble, of
Cleveland, who brough this wife and eight children;
together with another family, in a boat, to Cleveland,
shortly after Hull's surrender. His former location
had indeed been one of great danger, being on the
River Raisin, near the jn-esent city of Monroe, Mich-
igan, and not far from the scene of the celebrated
"massacre of the River Raisin," which took place the
same autumn. On reaching Cleveland he concluded
he had gone far enough, and located himself in the
house of Rudolphus Edwards, near the present corner
of Woodland avenue and Woodland Hills avenue.
Being a stirring, energetic man, he determined to
raise a detachment of mounted rangers, or scouts, for
service against the enemy, and soon accomplished his
object; the men being from all parts of the county, and
some of them being doubtless, like himself, fugitives
from western homes. Captain Dibble marched with

X^s^V^rihU

THE WAR OF 1813.

his company to Huron and other endangered localities.
He received the thanks of his commander in writing
for his efficient service, but contracted a sickness
which compelled his return home, where he died the
next year.

After General Harrison took command in the
Northwest, General Perkins was placed in command
of five hundred men and stationed near the mouth of
the liuron, remaining there nearly two months.
While there a conflict took place between a detach-
ment of General Perkins' men and a force of British
and Indians, who had made their way that far east,
. either on scouting duty or in search of plunder. This
is known in local annals as " the battle of the Penin-
sula." A portion of the' Cuyahoga county men were
engaged in it, and the roll of Captain Mun-ay's com-
pany shows that one of his men, James S. Hills, was
killed in the conflict, and that two others, John Carl-
ton and Moses Eldred, were wounded tliere.

During the season Mr. Samuel Dodge was engaged
in building vessels for the government, both in the
Cuyahoga and at Brie, Pennsylvania.

Notwithstanding all the din of war, the affairs of
peace were not entirely neglected. In the fall or late
in the summer of 1812 the county commissioners,
Messrs. Wright, Euggles and Miles, made a contract
with Mr. Levi Johnson, a young carpenter of Cleve-
land, to build a court-house on the northwest corner
of the public square. It was to be of wood, two stories
high, and to consist of a jail and jailer's residence in
the lower story, and a court-room in the upper one.
Mr. Johnson immediately began obtaining the timber,
but the building was not raised till the next year.

As winter approached, the war-excitement subsided.
Both armies went into winter-quarters, most of the
militia was dismissed in December, and only a small
guard was maintained at Cleveland.

In the spring of 1813 active preparations for hos-
tilities were again made on both sides of the frontier,
and Cleveland again became a depot of supplies, and
to some extent a rendezvous for troops. Major
Thomas S. Jessup, of the regular army, afterwards
highly distinguished as General Jessup, was placed in
command, though at first he had only a few compa-
nies of militia under his charge. Later Hon. Eetiirn
J. Meigs, governor of Oljio, came to inspect the
preparations making for war.

On the 10th of May, while the latter was still
there, a company of regular soldiers marched into
town under the command of Captain Stanton Sholes.
These were the first and about the only regular
troops stationed in Cuyahoga county during the war.
They were met by Governor Meigs, and warmly wel-
comed by him as well as by the citizens of the place.
There were a number of sick and wounded soldiers
there, with very poor accommodations, some of whom
had been there since the time of Hull's surrender.
Captain Sholes immediately set some carpenters be-
longing to his company at work, and in a short time
they erected a neat, framed hospital, about twenty feet

by thirty, though without the use of a nail, a screw,
or any iron article whatever; the whole being held
together by wooden pins. It was covered with a
water-tight roof and floored with chestnut bark. To
this the invalids were speedily removed, to the very
great improvement of their comfort.

Then all the men of the company were set at work
building a small stockade, about fifty yards from Ihe
bank of the lake, near the present Seneca street. Cut-
ting down a large number of trees twelve to fifteen
inches in diameter, they cut off logs some twelve feet
long each. These were sunk in the ground three or
four feet, leaving the remaining distance above the
surface. The sides of the logs adjoining each other
were hewed down for a few inches, so as to fit solidly
together. Tliis made a wall impervious to small
arms, and the dirt was heaped up against the outside
so as somewl\at to deaden the effect of cannon balls.
Next a large number of trees and brush were cut
down, and tl)e logs and brush piled together near the
brink of the lake; forming a long abatis, very diffi-
cult to climb over, and which would have exposed
any assailing party who attempted to surmount it to
a very destructive fire from the fort while doing so.
The post was named Fort Huntington, in honor of
the ex-governor.

Meanwhile vessels were building in the Cuyahoga,
and a large amount of public stores accumulating on
the banks. Scarcely had Captain Sholes got his little
fortress in good condition when, on the I'Jth of
Juno, the British fleet, consisting of the "Queen Cliar-
lotte" and "Lady Provost," with some smaller ves-
sels, appeared off the coast and approached the mouth
of the river with the apparent intention of landing.
Major Jessup had left, but expresses were sent out to
rally the militia, and as soon as possible every man in
the vicinitv was hastening with musket on his shoul-
der toward the endangered locality.

When the fleet had arrived within a mile and a half
of the harbor the wind stink to a perfect calm, and
the vessels were compelled to lie there until afternoon.
Meanwhile the little band of regulars made every
preparation they could to defend their post, and a
considerable body of militia was arrayed near by.
There was a small piece of artillery in the village, but
it was entirely unprovided with a carriage. Judge
James Kingsbury, at that time a paymaster in the
army, as we are informed by his daughter-, Mrs. Sted-
man, then eight years old, took the hind wheels of a
heavy wagon, mounted the little cannon on them,
after a fashion, and placed it in position to pour its
volleys into the enemy's ranks if he should attempt
to fand. The vessels in the Cuyalioga and the public
stores were all, as far as possible, moved to "Wal-
worth point," some two miles up the river.

At length the calm ceased, but the succeeding
weather was no more propitious to the would-be in-
vaders. A terrific thunder-storm sprang up in the
west and swept furiously down the lake, and the
little fleet was soon driven before it far to the east-

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

ward; relieving the Olevelauders of all fear of an at-
tack, at least for that day.

When the storm abated, the fleet lay to, opposite
Euclid creek, in the town of that name, where a
boat's crew went ashore. Tliey killed an ox there,
cut it up hide and all, and took it off to their com-
rades on shipboard. Witli more courtesy than could
have been expected, however, they left a golden
guinea in a cleft stick at the place of slaughter, with
a note apologizing bei ause in their haste they had to
spoil the hide, and adding that if it had not been for
the thunder shower they would have eaten their beef
in Cleveland. Either the commander thought tliat
during the delay too large a force for them to meet
had assembled, or else their presence was recpiired
elsewhere; at :ill events they sailed off down the lake,
and their vessels never again appeared on the shore of
Cuyahoga county except as the captured, sjioils of the
gallant Perry and his comrades.

About the middle of July, General \V. H. Harrison,
commander-in-chief of the Northwestern army, and
the only general who had gained any fame as a sol-
dier on this frontier, came to Cleveland on a tour of
inspection, accompanied by his staff officers. Governor
Huntington, Major George Tod (father of the late
David Tod), Major T. S. Jessup, and the gallant
Colonel Wood, afterwards killed at Fort Erie. The
general was cordially welcomed, and many came from
the townships in the vicinity to see and to show their
respect to the hero of Tipjiecanoe, who it was hoped
would redeem the tarnished fame of the American
arms in the Northwest. After a three-days' stay,
spent in careful examination of the jHiblic stores and
means of defense, the general returned to his army,
at the mouth of the Manmee.

Immediately afterwards there was another alarm
spread along the lake shore, when a force of British
and Indians attacked Fort Meigs, on the site of the
city of Fremont. Some again packed up their house-
hold goods for flight, but as a rule the people had by
this time become pretty well seasoned to rumors of
war, and they generally waited for further advices.

Two entire divisions of militia, residing southward
and southeastward from Fort Meigs, were ordered out
by the governor, but those on the lake shore were
rightly considered as having enough to do to defend
their own localities, and were not required to take the
field at that time. The gallant Major Croghan with
his little band successfully defended the fort, and
compelled the withdrawal of the enemy before any of
Governor Meigs' levies arrived; and again, for a while,
tliere was a period of comparative quiet.

But the British fleet was still mistress of the lak'e;
no movement against Canada was likely to be success-
ful until that fleet could be overcome, and no one
knew at what moment an invading force might be
landed at any point on our long and feebly defended
frontier. All eyes were anxiously directed toward the
harbor of Erie, where a young lieutenant of twenty-
six, called commodore by courtesy, was straining every

nerve to equip his little fleet, get out to sea, and settle
by actual combat the question whether the stars and
stripes or the red cross of St. George should float vic-
torious over Lake Erie.

At length, on the 5th day of August, Perry took
his fleet out of the harbor and immediately sailed in
search of the foe. In a few days he passed up the
lake, feeling sure that he would soon bring the enemy
to battle. The fleet lay to off the mouth of the Cuya-
hoga to get supplies, and the youthful commodore came
ashore. Little Diana Kingsbury was in the village at
the time with her father, and the venerable Mrs. Sted-
man still retains a vivid recollection of the tall, slender,
erect young man, in the glittering uniform of the
United States navy, with noble bearing and hand-
some, radiant face, on whom more than on any other
man, at that moment, rested the fortunes and honor
of America in the Northwest.

Tiic object of the brief delay having been accom-
plished, the commander returned to his flag-ship, the
fleet spread its sails to the favoring breeze and stood
away to the westward in gallant array. There were the
"Lawrence," the commodore's flag-ship, with twenty
guns; the " Niagara," with twenty guns, under Lieu-
tenant Elliott; the " Caledonia," with three guns,
under Lieutenant Turner; the "Ariel," with four
guns, under Lieiitenant Pickett; the " Scorpion,"
with two guns, under Lieutenant Chamijlin; the
"Somers," with four guns, under Sailing-master
Henry; the "Porcupine," with one gun, under Mid-
shipman Senat; the " Tigress," with one gun, under
Midshipman Gonklin; the " Tripi^e," with one gun,
under Midshipman Holduj). In long procession they
swept past the shores of Brooklyn, Rockport and
Dover, and sailed away in search of the foe, followed
by the hopes and prayers of all the people for the
ardent commander and his gallant crew.

Infer anna li-gcn silent, says the old Roman prov-
erb; that is, amid the clang of arms the laws are pow-
erless. But for all that the Cuyahoga people did not
stop building a court-house because war was going on
around them. On the 10th of September, 1813,
Levi Johnson and some of his hired men were busy
putting the finishing work on the rude temple of jus-
tice which he had contracted to build a year before.
Some of them heard a noise in the distant west, which
was at first supposed to be thunder. Looking up,
however, they were surprised to see no clouds as far
as the eye could reach in every direction. The sounds
continued. Suddenly Johnson exclaimed:

" It's Perry's guns; he's fighting with the British." ,

In a moment all the workmen by common consent
threw down their hammers and nails, scrambled to
the ground and hurried to the lake shore with their
employer at their head. In a short time all the men
of the village, with many of the women and children,
were gathered on the beach, listening to the sounds
of battle. The scene of conflict was seventy miles dis-
tant, but the wind was favorable and the listeners
could not only plainly hear the roll of the broadsides.

PROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL.

but, when the fire slackeued from time to time, could
distinguish between the heavier and the lighter guns.

At length there was only a dropping fire; one fleet
had evidently succumbed to the other. Finally
heavy shots were heard, and then all was silent.

" Perry has the heaviest guns," exclaimed John-
son; " those are Perry's shots — he has won the day —
three cheers for Perry!"

"Hip, hip, hnrrah!" promptly responded the
crowd, willing to believe the assertion, but yet sepa-
rating with anxions hearts, uncertain what might be
the rosnlt. In fact, the English had some as heavy
guns as the Americans, but not so many of that class.

Not only in Cleveland but all along the lake shore,
among the scattered inhabitants of Dover, Rockport,
Brooklyn and Euclid, the sounds of battle were heard;
the people soon divined that it was not thunder, and
listened with mingled dread and hope to the death-
notes from the west. Nay, even as far east as Erie,
Pennsylvania, a hundred and sixty miles from the
scene, the sounds of the conflict were heard, but mere-
ly as a low rumbling, which was supposed to be dis-
tant thunder.

Soon the welcome news of victory was borne along
the shore, and the people could freely give way to
their exultation. It was not merely joy over the
great nsitional triumph which gladdened their hearts,
though this was deeply felt, but also the knowledge
that, with Lake Erie in the possession of the Ameri-
cans, their homes, their wives and their children were
safe from Bi-itish invasion and Indian foray.

The victory of Harrison over Proctor on the
Thames, accompanied by the death of Tecumseh,
followed on the 5th of October, 1813; making the
assurance of safety doubly sure on the part of the
inhabitants of this frontier. The army of Harrison, or
such j)art of it as was not discharged, soon after went
down to the shores of Lake Ontario, and the tide of war
drifted away from all this region. General Harrison
and Commodore Perry went down the south shore of
Lake Erie to Buffalo, stopping at Cleveland, where
thev were entertained with a banquet, while Judge
Kingsbury bi'ought about the assemblage of a special
meeting of Masons in their honor, at his farm on the

ridge.

The lake was open to a late period that year, and
on the 21st of December the people along the shore
saw the gallant Lawrence sailing down on its way to
Erie, where it became a hospital-ship; being followed
slowly by the captured British vessels, Detroit and
Queen Charlotte.

On New Year's Day, 18 14, the residents of Cuyahoga
county were shocked and startled to learn that, two
days before, the British and Indians had captured
and burned the village of Buffalo, having previously
captured Fort Niagara and devastated the whole
Niagara frontier. For a short time some of the
inhabitants were alarmed lest the foes they had so
long looked for from the west should come up the
shore of the lake from the northeast. But the

invasion was only temporary, and during the suc-
ceeding campaign the tide of war ebbed and flowed
between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, entirely on
Canadian soil, while northern Ohio and the Territory
of Michigan were alike blessed with profound peace.
The only event worthy of mention, occurring in the
county during the year, was of a civil nature; the
incorporation of the village of Cleveland on the 23d
of December, 1814.

But though the immediate pressure of war was
lifted from this region, yet its existence checked
progress and stopped immigration, and it was with
great delight that in the latter part of January, 1815,
the people heard that peace had been made between
the United States and Great Britain by means of the
treaty of Ghent.

CHAPTER XIL

PKOM THa -WAR TO THE CABTAL.

Rapid Development— Erevious Unfavorable Circumstances— Settlement
of Various Townships— Slow Growth of Cleveland- First Bank— Plan-
ning the Canal— A Cuyahoga Man's Idea— The First Newspaper— A
Surprising Phenomenon The " Wallc-in-the- Water "—Improvement
under Difficulties — Articles of Lake Commerce— Names of Lake Ves-
sels—Pennsylvania Wagons— A Fast Man of Yore— The Cleveland i/er-
aid— General Trainings— Wolves and Bears —The Hinkley Hunt — The
Gathering— The Officers— The Skirmish Line —The Advance -The First
Bear— Slaughter of the Deer— Closing up— Furious Fun— The Last
Square Mile— "A Wolf 1 A Wolf ! "—Slaying the Marauders— The
Grand Finale — Number of the Victims — A Line of Stage Coaches —
Stage Coaching Experience— " Going on Foot and Carrying a Kail "—
Increasing Commerce — Legislative Action on the Canal — Alfred Kelley
a Commissioner — Prices of Farm Produce— Fondness for Whisky —
Tne Militia again — Capital Scarce — Various Small Industries — Forma-
tion of Lorain County — Its Organization — The Southwestern Turnpike
—The Medical Society — The Election of IS'ii — The Kinsman Road — A
Mild Winter— Law authorizing the Canal.

The period of fifteen years succeeding the war of
1812 was one of rapid development of the agricultural
portion of the county. Previous to 1815 settlement
had been very slow. At first, people were deterred by
the unfavorable reputation of the region in regard to
sickness. Rumors of Indian war also checked immi-
gration, and the war of 1812 completely stopped it.
But with the close of that war, the certainty that the
Indians were completely subdued and the improving
condition of the county in regard to health, the peo-
ple poured in, in numbers increased by the previous
restraint. Hitherto the settlements had nearly all
been along the lake sliore, but now the hardy pioneers
hastened into all the townships of the county in rapid
succession, even to its southernmost border.

Nearly or quite half of the present civil townships
of Cuyahoga county were both settled and organized
between the beginning of 1815 and the end of 1825.
In nearly every township, not previously occupied,
settlements were begun within five years after the
close of the war. The present township of Chagrin
Falls was settled, though only by a single resident, in
1815. Olmstead and Rockport were both settled in
the same year. Rockport was organized in 1819.

GENERAL HISTORY OV ClTYAiioaA COXJNTY.

Strongsville was settled in 1816 and organized in 1818.
The first pioneers located in Orange in 1815 or '16,
and an organization was effected in 1820. Solon was
settled in the latter year. Bedford was settled in
1813, and Warrensville in 1810. Brecksville had first
been occupied in 1810 and Independence about the
same time. Middleburg was also settled before the
war. The pioneers of all these townships, as well as
those previously settled in the county, were principal-
ly from New England or New York, though occasion-
ally a sturdy Pennsylvania German made his way from
that State, and entered into competition with the keen-
eyed Yankees. Huron county was organized in 1815;
leaving Cuyahoga unencumbered with outside tempo-
rary territory, but still extending to Black river.

Everywhere the axe was heai'd resounding amid the
grand old forest-trees, the smoke from numerous log
cabins was seen rising aboye their tops, and the deer,
the bears and the wolves were rapidly driven back be-
fore the rifles of the advancing pioneers. The stories
of the various localities are told in the township histo-
ries, but the general result was that Cuyahoga county
speedily emerged from the wilderness condition which
had previously characterized the principal part of its
area, and entered on a career of prosperity which has
only seldom been checked from that time to this.

The village of Cleveland, however, showed but a
slight expansion for ten years after the war. The
first bank in the county, the Commercial Bank of
Lake Erie, was organized there in 1816, but it did a
very modest business indeed, and ere long became de-
funct. In 1817, N. H. Merwin built the schooner
"Minerva," the first vessel registered at Washington
from the district of Cuyahoga, under the United
States revenue laws; this being one of the first opera-
tions in the great business of vessel building, which
has since grown to such large proportions.

Meanwhile far-sighted men were looking forward
to the establishment of a great city at the mouth of
the Cuyahoga, and planning the opening of a great
highway of commerce between Lake Erie and the
Ohio river, with one of its termini at the point just
mentioned. New York had already begun to build the
Erie canal, and public opinion in Ohio was turning
toward a similar work. The first resolucion looking
to the construction of a canal from Lake Erie to the
Ohio was introduced into the legislature in 1817,
though the work in question was not begun until
1835.

We may note in passing, as indicative of the
thorough identification of Cuyahoga county with the
most liberal ideas of modern progress, that in 1818
Hon. Alfred Kelley, then a representative from that
county, introduced into the lower house of the legis-
lature a bill to abolish imprisonment for debt, which
is said to have been the first movement of that kind
made in any legislative body in either this country or
Europe. The bill did not at that time become a law,
but it exerted a great influence in calling public at-
tention to that subject, and ere many years had

passed imprisonment for debt was wiped from the
statute-books of all the States of the Union.

On the 31st of July, 1818, the first newspaper was
issued in the county; being called the Cleveland Ga-
zette and Commercial Register. It was intended to
be a weekly sheet, but sometimes ten, twelve or four-
teen days elapsed between its issues.

But a newspaper, although rightly considered an
important institution, was something which every-
body had seen before; on the first day of September
of the same year an entirenovelty — the like of which
not one in five hundred of the inhabitants had ever
before seen — presented itself before the people of
Cuyahoga county. On the day named the residents
along the lake shore of Euclid saw upon the lake a
curious kind of a vessel, making what was then con-
sidered very rapid progress westward, without the aid
of sails, while from a pipe near its middle rolled forth
a dark clond of smoke, which trailed its gloomy
length far into the rear of the swift-gliding, mysterious
traveler over the deep. They watched its westward
course until it turned its prow toward the harbor of
Cleveland, and then returned to their labors. Many
of them doubtless knew what it was, but some shook
their heads in sad surmise as to whether some evil
powers were not at work in producing such a strange
phenomenon as that, on the bosom of their beloved
Lake Erie.

Meanwhile the. citizens of Cleveland perceived the
approaching monster, and hastened to the lake shore
to examine it.

"What is it?" "What is it?" Where did it
come from ? What makes it go ? queried One and
another of the excited throng.

" It's the steamboat, that's what it is ;" cried others
in reply.

" Yes, yes, it's the steamboat; it's the steamboat,"
was the general shout, and with ringing cheers the
people welcomed the first vessel propelled by steam
which had ever traversed the waters of Lake Erie.
The keel had been laid at Black Rock, near Buffalo,
in November, 1817, and the vessel had been built
during tiie spring and summer of 1818. It had re-
ceived the name of "Walk-in-the- Water," from a
Wyandot chieftain who was formerly known by that
appellation ; which was also extremely appi'opriate as
applied to a vessel which did indeed walk in the water
like a thing of life.

This harbinger of the numerous steam-leviathans
of the upper lakes, and of the immense commerce
carried on by them, was of three hundred tons burden,
and could carry a hundred cabin passengers and a still
larger number in the steerage. Its best speed was
from eight to ten miles per hour, and even this was
considered something wonderful. All Cleveland
swarmed on board to examine the new craft, and many
of the leading citizens took passage in it to Detroit,
for which place it soon set forth.

The work of improvement, as we have said, was all
the while going on at a rapid rate although under

FROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL.

great dilRculties. Hardship was the expected lot of
the pioneers, hut even in the older sections of the
county, where good farms had been cleared up, the
agriculturist found his vocation an unprofitable one on
account of the difficulty of finding a market for his
products. In fact, for grain there was almost no
market; the only purchasers in this vicinity being the
few hundred traders and mechanics who were concen-
trated at Cleveland and Newburg. Hardly a bushel
of wheat or a barrel of iiour was shipped down the
lake until after the opening of the Erie canal in 1825;
the expense of transportation being so great as to
"eat up" the whole price of the article.

Some cattle were driven overland to Philadelphia or
New York, and hides in considerable quantities, be-
sides the furs of wild animals, were sent down the
lake. From an old marine record we find that the
articles going down the lake at this period (1815 to
1820) taking one vessel after another, comprised furs,
fish, cider, furs, paint, dry goods, furniture, scythes,
furs, grindstones, skins, furs, cider, paint, furs, fish,
household-goods, grindstones, skins, scythes, coffee,
fish, building-stone, crockery, hardware, pork, scythes
and clothing. It is difficult to imagine where the
coffee and some other articles came from, but probably
they had been sent up the lake from the East and were
returned for lack of a market. It will be observed
that neither potash, pearlash nor " black salts," figure
in the list of exports, though these are mentioned by
most of the early settlers I have met as being the
principal cash articles they could produce. It is prob-
able that it was not till after 1816, (the date of the
foregoing list) that black salts, etc., became articles of
export from northern Ohio.

The upward bound freight at the same time con-
sisted of whisky, dry goods, household goods, naval
stores, dry goods, groceries, hardware, salt, fish,
spirits, household goods, mill-irons, salt, tea, whisky,
butter, whisky, coffee, soap, medicines, groceries,
household goods and farm utensils. It will be seen
that a good many classes of articles went both ways,
but no furs nor skins went up the lake.

The lake vessels of the period in question were
almost all schooners, the following being a nearly
complete list: The schooners "Dolphin," "Diligence,"
"Erie," "Pomfret," "Weasel," " Widow's Son,"
"Merry Calvin," "Firefly," "Paulina," "Mink,"
"Merchant," "Pilot," "Rachel," "Michigan," "Nep-
tune," "Hercules," "Croglian," "Tiger," "Aurora,"
"Experiment," "Black Snake," "Ranger," "Fiddler"
and "Champion;" also the sloops "Venus," "Ameri-
can Eagle," "Perseverance," "Nightingale" and
"Black River Packet." The solitary steamer has
already been mentioned.

Whatever freight was brouglit to Cleveland at this
period from the adjoining counties was carried (ex-
cept when there was sleigliing) on big vehicles, called
" Pennsylvania " or "Conestoga" wagons, drawn by
four or six horses. A solid vehicle and a strong team
were absolutely necessary, especially in spring and

autumn, to make any headway at all along the fearful
roads, covered knee-deep or more with mud, which
traversed northern Ohio.

Even in summer these rude highways were by no
means easy to travel. It is narrated that in 181 9 a
resident of Hudson, Summit county, who had a fine
team of which he was especially proud, drove up to
the door of Noble H. Merwin's hotel in Cleveland,
just as the guests of the latter were sitting down to
supper.

"Ah!" said the landlord, "are you just from Hud-
son ?"

"Yes," replied the traveler.

"How long have you been on the road?" queried
Merwin.

"Oh, I came through to-day," responded the other
with manifest pride.

"What!" exclaimed mine host, "came through
from Hudson in one day — you don't say so?"

"Fact, upon honor," responded the owner of the
team.

"Come out here; come out here," cried the excited .
landlord to the occupants of the supper table; "here
is a man who has come through from Hudson to-
day;'' and forthwith all rushed out to gaze on this
extraordinary phenomena. As the distance from
Cleveland to Hudson was only twenty-four miles, it
may be presumed that the roads must have been
something terrible to make such a day's joufney seem
remarkable.

The second newspaper in. the county, and the oldest
one now surviving, was the Cleveland Herald, which
was first published in 1819. In the early files we
have found many incidents bearing upon the history
of the county at that period.

The militia was then an institution of much more
consequence than at present, and tlie number of
divisions, brigades and regiments, with their cor-
responding major-generals, brigadier-generals and
colonels was something almost tremendous. Among
numerous other cases we notice that in June, 1830,
Colonel Daniel Miles was elected brigadier-general in
place of General Lewis R. Dille, of Euclid, resigned.
The "general training" of those days was next to
the 4th of July the great holiday of the summer
season. When a regiment of four hundred or five
hundred men, dressed in sheep's gray and blue jeans,
and many of them in their shirt sleeves, armed with
rifles, muskets and fowling-pieces of every pattern,
stood in irregular line m some convenient meadow,
while the colonel, glorious in brass buttons, with
epaulets as large as tea-plates, and a cocked hat of
tremendous circumference, dashed up and down the
lines on the best farm horse to be obtained for love
or money — ah, then indeed the assembled boyhood of
all the country round felt that the acme of glory had
been reached, and that with such defenders Columbia
was safe from all her foes.

But the most dangerous foes of the people of Cuya-
hoga at this time were not the embattled legions of

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Europe, but the wolves which devoured their sheep
and the bears which ate up their hogs. To reduce
the number of these enemies, to obtain their skins
and to supply themselves with venison, as well as for
the sport afforded, hundreds of young and middle-
aged men made a specialty of hunting during the
winter months.

Bat there were in some localities large tracts which.
Usually on account of their swampy nature, were the
especial resort of wild animals. Occasionally, after
the farmers' sheep had suffered severely from wolves
which harbored in such a tract, the people would turn
out from far and near to sun-ound and clear out the
haunt of the marauders. The most celebrated of all
these grand battues in this part of the State was the
"Hinckley hunt," which took place in December,
1818. The township of Hinckley, which was the
scene of the great raid, was just outside of Cuyahoga
county; lying immediately south of Royalton, and
being now the northeasternmost township of Medina
county — yet as huntsmen participated in it from all
parts of Cuyahoga, even from as far as Euclid, we
have chosen it as a specimen of the onslaughts occa-
sionally made on the denizens of the forest by the
pioneers of northei'n Ohio.

Notice having been given throughout Cuyahoga and
Medina counties, including the present county of
Summit, nearly five hundred hunters, all eager for
the fray, assembled one cold morning in December on
the borders of the wolf-haunted township. A com-
mander in chief was chosen by universal suffrage, as
well as four captains, one for each side of the area to
be enclosed. 'Squire Perj-is, of Royalton, was the
captain on the northern side. Then the commander
sent his companies to the right and left, and in due
time the whole township was enclosed by what in mil-
itary phrase would be called a skirmish line, with the
men fifteen or twenty rods apart. There was at that
time only one family living in Hinckley ; so that the
assailants had a clear field.

Next, the word was started from the northeast cor-
ner of the township, "All ready."

"All ready," repeated the men, one after another,
and the word quickly went around the townshiji and
came back to the northeast corner.

" Forward march ! " shouted the chief. " Forward
march ! " rej^eated the men in succession, and the
four lines moved forward toward the center of the
township. At intervals along the Hue good woods-
men were placed, with special instructions to take a
straight direction to the center of Hinckley, to whose
movement the others were directed to conform, grad-
ually closing up as they progressed. The venerable
Abial Haynes, of Strongsville, though then but a
youth, was one of the linesmen, or "guides," and has
given us a description of the principal events of this
exciting day.

Ere the lines had marched a mile toward the center
a few deer were seen, a jiart of which were killed
while others sped away in the opposite direction from

the crackling rifles. After the first mile bears began
to be observed. Mr. Haynes and John Hilliard met
one and both fired at once, at a distance of a few rods.
Both balls struck him and he fell, but immediately
scrambled up and "loped" back into the forest. He
was soon killed, however, and was found to weigh
six hundi'ed pounds ; being almost as heavy as a small
ox.

The lines marched on and deer became extremely
numerous, while bear were quite frequent. There
was a continuous fusilade along the line as bucks,
and does, and fawns fell in rapid succession before the
rifles of the hunters. Those that did not fall gener-
ally ran back from the line of death-dealing riflemen,
but occasionally some brave old buck would fling his
antlered head aloft, burst through the line of his foes,
perchance escape their bullets, and dash away to seek
a more healthy residence.

Turkies, too, flew up in enormous numbers; so that
it was said in somewhat exaggerated phrase that every
bullet fired that day killed a turkey. Turkies and
deer were so numerous that their deaths caused no
excitement, but when a bear curled up to die a tri-
umphant shout was raised by his conquerors, which
was echoed far along the line.

All this while not a wolf was to be seen ; the wary
rascals snuffed danger from afar and retreated as fast
as possible from the sound of the deadly rifle's. As
wolves were the very animals it was most desirable to
kill, some disappointment was felt at their non-ap-
pearance, but the old hunters were certain they had
retreated toward the center and encouraged the others
to press on.

When within about two miles of the middle of the
township the fun became fast and furious The men
were now but four or five rods apart and it was very
difficult for anything to escape between them. Never-
theless, at one time fifty or sixty deer, in one fright-
ened herd, made a dash at the line ; the antlered lead-
ers bounding five or six feet from the ground, and all
snorting with frantic terror. Most of them escaped,
in spite of the rattling fusilade with which they were
assailed on either side. ScarDe a moment passed iu
which a deer was not seen bounding with all the speed
of terror through the forest, or a bear limbering
along at his best pace, but far too slowly to escape
the vengeance of his unsparing foes. Crack ! crack !
went the rifles with scarcely a moment's intermission;
corpses strewed the ground on every side and the ex-
cited hunters, with all the enthusiasm of victorious
soldiers, pressed forward with flying feet.
Still no wolves.

When the last square mile in the center of the
township was reached the deer had entirely disap-
peared ; all were slain or had broken through the
lines and escaped. The bears, too, had Jbecome scarce;
only three or four being killed on the last square
mile. The men were now within a few paces of each
other, and eager as so many bloodhounds. At length
a gaunt gray form was seen gliding among the trees.

FROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL.

"A wolf! a wolf!" cried those who saw it. Half
a dozen rifles were fired at ouce, and the enemy of the
sheep-fold was numbered with the slain. Another
and another were soon seen and dispatched. As the
deadly lines, now closing into a circle, pressed forward
to the center, the grisly prowlers were seen running
hither and thither, as terrified as the lamhs they had
formerly pursued. Caution was now necessary lest
the bullets of the hunters should wound their friends
on the other side of the circle, but caution was a dif-
ficult virtue among such an excited and jubilant
crowd. However, it must have been exercised to
some extent ; for none of the hunters were killed or
wounded.

At last the triumphant riflemen closed swiftly in
together, the last wolf went down beneath their
bullets, the circle became a band, and a succession of
ringing cheers gave vent to their excited feelings.

On counting up their victims, eight wolves were
found (all killed on the last square mile); a number
which, though not large in comparison with that of
the other animals, was sufficieut to carry destruction
into hundreds of flocks of sheep.

Twenty bears were also found " weltering in their
gore " on the fleld of battle, eighteen of which were
drawn together and flung into a shaggy heap. Of
deer, no less than two hundred and sixty were drawn
together in the same manner. The hunters certainly
could not complain that this was " not a good day
for deer." As we have befoi'e mentioned, many of
these fleet-footed foresters escaped, but Mr. Haines
stated that he believed that all of the bears and wolves
in the township were killed. At all events the hunt
completely broke up the haunt of wolves which had
previously existed there, and for a time, at least, there
was peace for the neighboring sheep.

There were other grand battues of the same descrip-
tion in and near the county, but the Hinckley hunt
was the most celebrated and most successful of them
all, and its description will suffice for either of the
others.

In 1820 a step farther in advance was made when
a line of coaches was put on the route from Cleveland
to Columbus, passing through the townships of Brook-
lyn, Parma, the corner of Royalton, Strongsville,
and so on through Medina county. Those were dire-
ful times for travelers. In summer the big coaches
bowled along with comparative ease, save when one
of the wheels jolted over the root of an overshadowing
oak, or collided with the stump of a lately felled
beech. Even these disturbances did not prevent the
closely packed passengers from beguiling their way
with many a pleasant tale, until " stage-coach stories "
have become renowned for their wit and jollity. In
winter, too, by curling up in the bottom of the sleigh,
surrounded with plenty of buffalo and bear skins,
the travelers could generally manage to perform
their journey with considerable rapidity, and without
more discomfort than an occasional " frosted " ear or
nose.

But alas for the unfortunate man doomed to a
stage-coach journey in the spring or fall. He was
sure to be called on to go on foot a large portion of
the time, and was often expected to shoulder a rail
and carry it from mudhole to mudhole, to pry out the
vehicle in which he was in theory supposed to be rid-
ing. " To go on foot and carry a rail," and to pay a
stage company for the privilege, was a mode of trav-
eling very widely celebrated but extremely unpleasant.
Not only were roads poor but bridges were scarce.
There was not one across the Cuyahoga river in the
county. A notice was published in April, 1820, by
which "all having an interest in or wishes concerning
the building of a bridge across the river at or near
Cleveland are requested to meet at the court-house,
to consult in relation thereto."

As a marked example of what must seem to our
readers the extreme slowness with which the news was
carried in those days, we may mention that while King
George the Third, of England, died on the 39th day
of January, 1830, the announcement of his death was
not made in the Cleveland Herald until the 28th of
March, (two months lacking a day after the event
took place).

The commerce of the lake slowly but steadily in-
creased. The Herald of April 25, 1830, reported the
following clearances at the "port of Cuyahoga" in a
single week: Cleared; schooner "Pairplay," Johnson
master, loaded with pork, flour, whisky and passen-
gers; schooner " Commodore Perry," Tayler master,
for Detroit, loaded with flour, beef, cattle, etc.;
schooner "American Eagle," Gaylord master, loaded
with produce; schooner "Friendship," Kelly master,
also loaded with produce. The arrival of some of the
same vessels from Detroit was noted, but the nature
of their cargoes was not mentioned.

It will be observed that flour is spoken of as going
both up and down the lake. In the latter case it was
doubtless used by the garrisons of the posts on the
upper lakes, or by the settlers of Michigan who had
not yet raised crops. This was about the beginning
of the great trade in grain and breadstuffs along the
upper lakes, which has already grown to such enor-
mous proportions.

In this year (1830) the first legislative action was
taken in regard to the construction of a canal from
Lake Erie to the Ohio river. An act was passed by
the legislature providing for the appointment of three
canal commissioners, who were authorized to employ
a competent engineer and assistants, for the purpose
of making preliminary surveys of some of the routes
considered most available for the proposed work.

In 1833 Hon. Alfred Kelly, of Cleveland, was ap-
pointed one of the canal commissioners, and for many
years thereafter was busily and zealously engaged in
forwarding the construction of the canal, and in other
public services. Hon. James G-eddcs,-of New York,
one of the principal engineers of the Erie canal, was
employed to make a survey of the routes of the Ohio
canal.

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Prices of all kinds of farm produce were exceeding-
ly low; the following being a list of the prices paid in
Cleveland in January, 1823: Flour, two dollars and
a half per barrel; wheat, thirty-seven cents to fifty
cents per bushel; rye, thirty-one cents; corn, twenty-
five cents; oats, nineteen cents; beans, fifty cents;
flax seed, fifty cents; peas, forty-four to fifty cents;
rye, thirty-one cents; butter, eight to ten cents per
pound; cheese, four to six cents; lard, four to five
cents; pork, two to three and a half cents; beef, three
to four cents; tallow, eight to ten cents; whisky,
twenty to twenty-six cents per gallon; wood, thirty
to fifty cents per cord; hay, six to seven dollars per
ton.

It was pretty hard to raise wheat and sell it for
thirty-seven cents a bushel, but on the other hand
with whisky only twenty cents a gallon the people
were doubtless reasonably happy. For there is no
use in evading the unquestionable fact — the sturdy
pioneers who destroyed the wild beasts, leveled the
forests and subdued the virgin soil of Cuyahoga
county, were as a general rule decidedly fond of
whisky. Every township had one or more distilleries,
where the article was manufactured in the cheapest
possible manner, and each had plenty of customers
in its own vicinity. Whisky was an important item
at every "raising" or "logging-bee," or other assem-
blage of the people, and was in frequent use in the
houses of the most reputable classes.

It should be remembered, however, that men who
spent twelve hours a day chopping, logging, plowing,
splitting rails, etc., could more easily "work off" the
effect of frequent drams of liquor than could their
degenerate descendants, who think eight hours consti-
tutes a hard day's work, and many of whom do no
hard work at all.

General training was one of the occasion^ at which
a liberal use of whisky was considered to be tlie proper
thing, notwithstanding the requirements of discipline.
The officers couldn't keep whisky out of camp,
although there was an abundant supply of those dig-
nitaries. This was a part of the ninth division, Ohio
militia. Among the numerous notices and orders
which appeared within a few months, in 1823, we
observe one directing the members of the first com-
pany of cavalry, second brigade, ninth division, Ohio
militia, to hold an election for company officers at the
court-house; signed by the brigadier-general, per
John W. Wiley, aide. Also one requiring the first
artillery company of the first regiment, fourth brigade,
etc., to meet to elect officei's; signed by P. M. Wed-
dell, captain. Another ordering the company officers
of the first regiment, etc., to meet to elect a major;
signed by P. Baldwin, colonel.

A short time afterwards the following staff and
non-commissioned-staff officers of the" first regiment
were announced by II. Wellman, colonel: Donald
Mcintosh, surgeon; S. A. Henderson, surgeon's
mate; Euney R. Baldwin, adjutant; John H. Camp,
(|uartermaster; Horace Perry, i)aymastor; William

S. Chapman, sergeant-major; John 0. Millard, fife-
major; Barzilla B. Burk, drum-major.

Capital of all kinds was scarce, and this fact of
course retarded the general progress of the county.
Yet the absence of large amounts of capital encour-
aged men with a little money to embark in various
small industries, in different parts of the county,
which have now passed away. If a man wanted to
start a little business of any kind, and had barely
enough to begin with, he could go ahead in compara-
tive safety; there was no danger of any "bloated cap-
italist" crushing out his enterprise by driving him
into a hopeless competition.

Thus Leonard Marsilliott, of Euclid, for a long
time maintained a stoneware factory in that township,
which had a wide reputation for the excellence of its
productions. A little later there was a ship and boat-
building establishment in the same township, more
fully described in tlio special history of Euclid. An-
other industry of the period (1832, etc.) — a somewhat
curious one — was. a castor-oil factory, situated in the
township of Brooklyn, a mile from Cleveland. That
fragrant business, we imagine, has entirely passed
away from the county.

We now come to a material change in the western
boundaries of Cuyahoga county. By a law passed on
the 36th day of December, 1833, the county of Lorain
was established. It embraced a large part of Huron
county, and took from Cuyahoga the townships of
Troy (now Avon), Ridgeville, Eaton, Columbia, and
the west part of Lenox (now Olmstead). It will be
observed that Troy (Avon) and Eidgeville then ex-
tended to Black river, which was the western bound-
ary of Cuyahoga county.

The new county was not organized at that time,
and the townships named in the last paragraph re-
mained temporarily attached to Cuyahoga county. A
list of the civil townships of the latter county, which
appeared in October, 1833, was as follows: Cleveland,
Chagrin (now Willoughby), Brooklyn, Brecksville,
Bedford, Columbia, Dover, Euclid, Eaton, Independ-
ence, Mayfield, Nowburg, Orange, Ridgeville, Royal-
ton, Rockport, Strongsville,. Troy (Avon), and War-
i-ensville. Nineteen in all; the same number as there
are at present (aside from Cleveland) — the number of
those which have been detached having been made
good by new formations.

On the first day of April, 1834, Lorain county was
duly organized, and the territory above described was
permanently detached from Cuyahoga county. The
west half of Lenox (Olmstead) was then made a part
of Ridgeville, Lorain county, while the east half was
attached to Middleburg, Cuyahoga county.

We said the territory in question was "perma-
nently " detached from Cuyahoga county. That is
to say, the detachment was intended to be permanent,
but in regard to the west half of Lenox it was not so.
The residents of Lenox were much dissatisfied with
the decree which had cut tlieir thriving young town-
ship in twain, and had placed the severed halves in

'l^Y.^^''^-

-=^

FROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL.

two drfEerenfc counties, and three years later they pro-
cured the passage of an act, dated January 29, 1827,
by which the west half of the township ia question
was set back into Cuyahoga, where the two portions,
once more united, became the township of Olmstead,
as narrated iu its special history. The facts men-
tioned in this paragraph are a little in advance of the
poriod allotted to the present chaptei-, but we want to
close the account in regard to the western boundary
of the county. No changes have been made in it
from the roannexation of the west half of Lenox to
tlio present time.

From a casual record we learn that the white males,
over twenty-one years of age, resident in Cuyahoga
county in 1823, numbered sixteen hundred and fifty-
five; an average of eighty-seven to each of the nine-
teen townships.

Another record of the same year mentions that the
State had directed the laying out of a "free road"
from Cleveland through Newburg, Bedford and
Solon, and so on southeast, striking the Ohio river in
Columbiana county. Samuel Cow]es, Esq., of Cleve-
land, was one of the commissioners to lay it out.

The first movement was also made this year to
turnpike the stage road running from Cleveland
sou^thwest thropgh Brooklyn, Parma and Strongsville;
and thence through Medina to Wooster, the county
seat of Wayne county. A company was formed,
called the Wayne, Medina and Cuyahoga Turnpike
Company, and in April, 1823, the books were opened
to receive subscriptions to the stock. The move-
ment was a success, and the turnpike in question
became one of the great highways of the State.

By this time, thirteen years after the advent of Dr.
David Long, the first physician in the county, the
doctors of this and Medina counties (which, by a law
of the State, constituted the nineteenth medical dis-
trict of Ohio) had become sufficiently numerous to
organize a medical society, and did so in May, 1823.
Dr. Long was the first president.

In the autumn of 1824 took place the great quad-
rangular contest for the presidency between Henry
Clay, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson and John
C. Calhoun. The. last named gentleman received no
votes in this county. Of the others, strange as it
may seem, Jackson received very few votes; the
strength of the county being divided between Clay.and
Adams, with the former as a decided favorite. The
following table shows the vote by townships. The
township of Chagrin (now Willoughby) was included
in the list, casting ninety-eight votes, but we have
omitted it in order to show the number cast in the
territory now constituitng Cuyahoga county, except
the west half of Olmstead, then attached to Lorain
county, and containing but very few voters.

TOWNSHIPS. OLAr. ADAMS. JACKSON. TOTAL.

Bedford...... 20 .. 20

Brooklyn 39 5 U

BrecksviUe m 18 36

Cleveland 64 43 5 112

Dover 22 11 .. 33

Euclid 38 75 16 129

Independence 19 2 21

Mayfleld 14 1 15

Middleburg 12 .. 12

Newburg 57 49 106

Orange 22 22

Rockport 26 1 .. 27

Eoyalton 44 44

Strongsville 2.3 1 24

Warrensville 4 12 4 20

Aggregate 442 218 25 CKi

It will, perhaps, surprise some of our readers to
learn that as late as 1824 the township of Euclid cast
seventeen votes (about fifteen per cent.) more than
Cleveland, but such was the fact. While the agri-
cultural townships made steady progress after the
war of 1812, the growth of Cleveland was extremely
slow down to the year 1825. It should be remembered,
however, that Euclid at that time iucluded the
greater part of the present township of East Cleve-
land.

In this year (1824) an act was passed directing the
laying out of another State road; running from
Cleveland through Warrensville and Orange, and
thence nearly due east to Kinsman, on the eastern
line of the State. It was called the Kinsman road,
and the westernmost part of it is now kuown as
Kinsman street, in the city of Cleveland.

The winter of 1824-5 was celebrated for its mild-
ness, and the Cleveland Herald of December Sth re-
cords that violets, pinks and marigolds were tlien in
bloom, that pea vines had pods half-grown upon them,
and most remarkable of all that ripe strawberries,
grown in the open air, had lately been brought into
the office.

During the previous five years engineers had been
at work, more or less, making preliminary surveys
for the great Ohio canal. Public opinion, too, had
been steadily growing more favorable to the proposed
enterprise, and at length, on the 4th of February,
1825, a law was passed authorizing the canal com-
missioners tobaild acanal along the Scioto and Musk-
ingum valleys, and thence north to Lake Erie. The
commissioners were left free to choose, as to the
northern part, between the route by the Cuyahoga
valley to Cleveland, and that through Wooster, and
down the valley of Black river to its mouth. The
seven commissioners (of whom Alfred Kelley, of
Cleveland, was one of the most influential), reported
in favor of the superior cheapness and convenience of
the Cuyahoga route, and it was formally adopted.

This opens a new era in the history of the county,
and we will, therefore, at this point begin a new
chapter.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER XIII.

PKOGRBSB, INFIiATIOKT AND "HARD TIMES."

Work begun on the Canal— Growth of Cleveland— Completion of Erie
Canal— First Appropriation for Harbor— The " Superior " — Increasing
Business— '"Black Salts "—Cleveland and Newburg— Contest over
Court-House— Cleveland Successful — Erecting' New Court House —
" The Blue Jug "—Cuyahoga County Colonizition Society— The Canal
opened to Akron— Celebration under Difificulties— Trade with the
Northwest— A County Wolf-Bounty— Horse Thieves and Counter-
feiters—Discount on Bank Bills— Hard Times for Creditors— Bails at
Ten Cents Each— Sale of Western Reserve School Lands— Land begins
to rise- Laying out of Ohio City— Modest Eailroads— Others not so
Modest— The Ohio Railroad— The Cleveland, Cincinnati and Columbus
Road— The Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg Road— The "Flush
Times "—Immense Increase of Paper Money- Inflation of Values-
Special Speculation on the Cuyahoga— The Climax in 1830— The Great
Crash in 1837— Failure of Banks and Individuals— Stoppage of Public
Works- 'Hard Times"— The Patriot War-Deer feeding with the
Cows.

Work was speedily commenced at various points
along the route of the canal; ground being broken at
Cleveland on the 4th of July, 1835. At that time
begins the rapid growth of Cleveland. Though laid
out nearly thirty years before, it was in 1825 a mere
village of five or six hundred inhabitants; but from
the beginning of the Ohio canal to the present time
its growth has been one of the marvels even of the
marvelous West.

In the autumn of the same year the Erie canal was
completed, and boats were set running between
Albany and Buffalo. This opened a market for those
agricultural productions of northern Ohio which could
reach the lake, and a decided improvemeut in prices
was the result. In this year, also, the first appropri-
ation was made by the general goveroment for a
harbor at Cleveland. The circumstances connected
with its construction are given in detail in the history
of the city.

The "Walk-in-the- Water" had been wrecked, but
a new steamer, the " Superior," had taken its place.
In 1836 the "Henry Clay" came out, and from that
time there was a very rapid growth of the steam
marine on Lake Erie.

All these things greatly increased the travel over
the roads of Cuyahoga county. Not only were
the farmers of the county eager to reach a port
where they could exchange their productions for
imported articles, but the slow Pennsylvania Germans
of northeastern Ohio, in large numbers, drove their big
wagons, with enormously- wide tires, over the muddy
roads through Orange, Solon, WaiTcnsville, Bedford,
Newburg, etc., to the mouth of the Cuyahoga; inquir-
ing there for "de John Blair vat kips de vite fishes,"
a favorite dealer of the olden time. There they
unloaded their flour and wheat, and loaded up with
fish, salt, etc. Sometimes three barrels of flour were
given for one barrel of salt.

By this time the manufacture of "black salts,"
potash and pearlash had become an important indus-
try. The clearing of the land of timber furnished
an immense quantity of ashes on nearly every farm;
for even those who had quite old locations were con-
stantly clearing off new lots. The ashes being

leached, the ley was boiled down into a dark solid,
known as "black salts." This was usually sold to
the owner of a local ashery, frequently the village
merchant, who made it into potash or pearlash and
sent it east for sale. It could be transported at slight
expense, and would always bring cash at some price:
consequently many a farmer who could only trade his
wheat or oats for "store-pay" of some kind, was
obliged to depend on his " black salts" for the money
to pay his taxes, and for a few other necessary ex-
penses which must be met with cash.

By 1836 the people had become satisfied that anew
court-house was indispensable for the rising business
of the county. As on the erection of the first one in
1813, so again, there was a sharp dispute whether the
new one should be located at Cleveland or Newburg.
For a long time the latter had been superior to the
former in population, business and prosperity. Cleve-
land was now increasing much the more rapidly, and
bade fair to be an important place, yet Newburg was
more centrally located, and a large proportion of the
inhabitants favored the removal of the county-seat to
that point.

The power to make the location was vested in. the
county commissioners. One of these died, and of the
two others, one favored Cleveland and' one Newburg
as the county seat. An election to fill the vacancy
came off in 1836. It turned entirely on the county-
seat question, one candidate being a friend of Cleve-
land and one of Newburg, and a very hot contest was
the result. The Cleveland man was elected by a
small majority.

The next year, 1837, a new, brick court-house was
begun, situated in the southwest part of the public
square at Cleveland, across the street from the front
of the present Forest City House. It Avas completed
in 1828, and the first court was held in it on the 38th
of October in that year. This was the scene of the
administration of justice for Cuyahoga county for
thirty years. It was a two-story brick building, with
a wooden cupola., standing with its face toward the
lake, and was considered a very elegant structure.
The lower atory was divided into rooms for the ac-
commodation of the various county officers, while the
upper story served as a court room.

Four years later a substantial stone jail was erected
on the ground south of the southwest corner of the
square; being in rear of the court-house and across
the street from it. This was a gloomy-looking struc-
ture, and was commonly called " The Blue Jucr."

Among the events of fifty years ago, one which
now seems separated by an immense gulf from the
ideas of the present day was the organization, in
1837, of the Cuyahoga County Colonization Society;
a branch of the national institution of that name, de-
signed to promote the removal of the colored people
to Africa. It was generally considered to be favor-
able to their freedom, as it was supposed that many
Southerners would be willing to emancipate their
slaves if assured that they would not remain in the

PROGRESS, INI*LATI0N AND "HARD TIMES."

country; yet the strong abolitionists were decidedly
opposed to it.

At the meeting for the purpose of organization,
in this county, an address was delivered by the Rev.
"William Stone, and a prayer by the Rev. S. J. Brad-
street. Samuel Oowles, Esq., was chosen president;
Rev. Randolph Stone, Hon. Nemiah Allen, Datus
Kelley, Josiah Barber and Gen. Lewis R. Dille, vice
presidents; A. W. Walworth, treasurer; James S.
Clarke, secretary, and Mordecai Bartley, delegate to
the national society.

On the Fourth of July in this year, (1827,) just two
years after ground was broken on the Ohio canal at
Cleveland, it was technically "opened for naviga-
tion" from Cleveland to Akron with a grand celebra-
tion. It was opened under difficulties, however; for
the two northernmost locks, which connected the
canal with the Cuyahoga river at Cleveland, were not
yet completed.

But Noble H. Merwin, of the last named place,
was determined that there should be a big celebration,
not only over the canal but on the canal, on the
Fourth of July of that year. So he had the canal-
packet " Pioneer " brought from Buifalo, took it up
the I'iver above the locks, and hauled it with teams
over the embankment into the canal. Thence a large
party of the principal people of Cleveland went up
the canal on the "' Pioneer," till they met the boat
"Allen Trimble," from Akron, having on board the
person for whom it was named, who was then gov-
ernor of Ohio, together with the canal commission-
ers and many others from the central parts of the
S tate.

Flags fluttered gayly in the breeze, cannon thun-
dered their boisterous welcome, speeches full of roseate
prophesy were made, and all were intensely enthusi-
astic over the great event of the day. Such enthusi-
asm over such a cause may seem overstrained in these
fast times, when railroads have absorbed nearly all
the commerce of this region, and the canals are
looked on as extremely old fogyish institutions.
Nevertheless the Fourth day of July, 1837, was a great
day for northern Ohio. An immense tract, previ-
ously almost entirely isolated, was provided with the
means of. transporting its produce to the markets of
the East, and every kind of business showed an im-
mediate and very marked improvement in conse-
quence. It is doubtful if railroads would have been
built as soon as they were, had not the wealth of the
country first been largely increased by the construc-
tion of canals.

The Ohio canal was completed through the State
in five years afterward, and its increased business
nearly all poured through Cuyahoga county to seek
Lake Erie.

Besides the trade with the East, which was so rap-
idly being developed at this period, there was also a
strong demand for breadstuft's and other articles to
send to the distant regions of the Northwest, which
the farmers farther up the lakes were unable to sup-

ply. In 1827 the Hudson Bay Company advertised
for a thousand bushels of white, flint corn, two hun-
dred bushels of other corn, and two hundred barrels
of flour, besides considerable quantities of salt, pork,
tallow, tobacco, highv/ines, etc. Large quantities of
produce were also sent to emigrants in Michigan
and other Territories, who had not yet raised crops
large enough for their own support.

Notwithstanding all this commercial activity, and
notwithstanding the zeal of tlie pioneers with their
rifles, wolves still glided through the forest in many
townships, and made rapid slaugliter upon any un-
guarded sheep they could discover. In 1827 the
county commissioners offered a bounty of fifteen dol-
lars for the scalp of every wolf slain in the county.
Many of tlie townships also gave from five to ten dol-
lars per scalp, so that wolf-hunting was sometimes
quite a profitable business.

Crimes, too, were not unknown in those "good old
times," to which so many look back with fond regret
as to an Elysian age. Perhaps there were not as
many high-toned criminals — official defaulters and
gentlemanly murderers — as there are now, but good,
plain thieves were as plentiful as any reasonable per-
son could desire. The more daring class devoted
themselves largely to horse-stealing, and throughout
the West the professors of that art were united in a
great fraternity, members of which, of ajiparently re-
spectable character, were to bo found in nearly every
township. Many a horse, which suddenly left its
owner's pasture in the dark and was followed with hue
and cry l>y himself and his neighbors, went no farther
than the next township, where it was quietly kejDt till
the storm had blown over, in the stable of some re-
spectable justice of the peace or venerable deacon of
the church.

The less courageous or more skillful rascals usually
devoted themselves to the manufacture of counterfeit
money. The " dollar of our fathers " was very apt
to be a bogus article. There were reported to be
places where bad money was coined in Brecksville, in
Royalton, in Middleburg, and doubtless in other
secluded localities. The machinery of the Middle-
burg institution was found, long after it had been
abandoned, on a small island in the midst of a large
swamp in that township. Counterfeit half-dollars
were the favorite productions of these unlawful mints,
though other silver coins were frequently imitated.
It was said that large orders for bad silver came from
Pennsylvania, where no bank-bills of less than five
dollars were allowed to circulate. Prosecutions were
extremely difficult, as the criminals were frequently
men of some local and political influence, and "straw
bail " was readily accepted by the officials.

We do not learn so much about counterfeiting bank-
bills in those days; partly, doubtless, because that
business required more expense and skill than was
available in this region, and partly because Ohio bank
bills were so poor that it was not very profitable to
counterfeit them. Tlie ordinary discount on them in

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1830 wtis from twenty-five to thirty per cent., and in
some cases it was much larger. A respectable rascal
would naturally be ashamed to counterfeit such
money as that.

Debts against individuals were frequently even less
valuable than these heavily discounted bank-bills.
We have noticed in a previous chapter that a repre-
sentative from Cuyahoga county made the first
movement ever made — so far as known — looking to
the abolition of imprisonment for debt. By 1830
Ohio had gone to the extreme of liberality toward
debtors, and by means of stay-laws and provisions
for appraisals had made it almost impossible to collect
an account under any circumstances.

A Cleveland merchant had a claim of seventy-
five dollars against a resident of Middleburg. Being
unable to collect it, he sued it, obtained a judgment
and directed a Middleburg constable to sell the per-
sonal property of the defendant. At the time fixed
for the sale the Clevelander went out on horseback
to attend it. By law the constable was authorized to
appraise the property at what he might consider a
reasonable price, and below which it could not be
sold. When the creditor arrived, he found that the
complaisant oflicial had appraised an old watch, worth
about five dollars, at twenty dollars; a dog, probably
worth five cents, at ten dollars; a lot of rails at ten
cents each, and other things in proportion. Of
course a sale was impossible, as no one would bid
half of the appraised value, and the unlucky creditor
returned home in disgust; the only result of the trip
being that his horse had torn off, on the corduroy
which formed a large portion of the road, three
of the four new shoes which guarded his feet on
starting.

Among the various cessions of land occurring in
connection with the final settlement of the title to
the Northwestern Territory, congress assigned fifty-
six thousand acres in what was known as the Virginia
Military District, for the benefit of the schools of the
Western Reserve. In 1831, Harvey Rice, Esq., of
Cleveland, was appointed an agent by the State to
convert tiiem into money. He opened an ofiice at
Millersburg, Holmes county, in the district in ques-
tion, and in three years sold all the lands and paid
into the treasury of the State about a hundred and
fifty tliousand dollars, to be devoted to the exclusive
purpose of educating the children of the Western Re-
serve.

By 1831, land began to rise throughout the country,
in consequence of the stimulus supplied by iuternal
improvements, especially canals, which were being
constructed in numerous localities. The rise was
especially noticeable wherever it was supposed that a
citymiglit be constructed, and the point at the mouth
of the Cuyahoga was not neglected. An association
of Buffalonians, known as the Buffalo Company,
bought a tract on the west side of the river, and soon
afterwards "Ohio City" was laid out at that point.
Farmers, too, began to think that they were to be-

come wealthy by the rise of their land, and at every
little village, especially along the canals and rivers,
people began to discuss the probability of the con-
struction of a large town there.

In 1832, the Ohio canal was finished from Lake
Erie to the Ohio river, and its commerce rapidly in-
creased to large proportions. In two years after its
completion the freight carried upon it amounted to
half a million bushels of wheat, a hundred thousand
barrels of flour, a million pounds of butter and near
seventy thousand pounds of cheese, with other things
m proportion. Even this would not be considered
very remarkable now, but at that time it made the
people stare with wonder and filled their minds with
hopes of unlimited riches.

In 1834 a proposition was made to incorporate a
city which should include both Cleveland and Ohio
City, but the leading men on the two sides of the
river were unable to agree on the terms of union or
the boundaries, and the whole project fell through.

In 1835 the first railroad, the Cleveland and New-
burg, was incorporated in the county. It was built
soou afterwards, and was operated for several years,
though only by horse power ; being used for hauling
stone and lumber, and occasionally for the carriage of
passengers. The Cleveland and Bedford railroad was
also incorporated the same year, but was never built.

It will be seen that the first beginnings of railroad-
ing in this region were very modest, and such were
generally its characteristics throughout the country.
People planned canals hundreds of miles in length,
and constructed them according to the plans, but
railroads were awe-inspiring undertakings, and men
usually built them from one village to the next one ;
if that operation worked well they extended the work
to another village, and so on. But in this wide-awake
region they soon grew more enterprising; as will
speedily be seen.

Another cautious attempt at railroading was made
about the same time by constructing a tramway, with
wooden rails and operated by horse-power, running
from the public square at Cleveland up Euclid street,
(avenues were then unknown,) and out on the Euclid
road, four miles, to the " Doan's Corners" of the early
settlers, which "high-toned" people then began to
call " East Cleveland."

But the tide of enterprise and even of reckless
speculation was rapidly rising, and a much more am-
bitious project, rather an exception to the usual rail-
road enterprises of the day, was soon set on foot.
This was the " Ohio Railroad," designed to run from
the Pennsylvania line to Toledo, close along the lake
shore ; a large part of it being intended to be on piles.
Considerable work was done on it, but no iron was
laid, and it was abandoned at the time of the great
crash which will be mentioned a little farther on. Its
corporate rights were transferred to the Junction Rail-
road Company, and through it to the Cleveland and
Toledo, and finally to the Lake Shore and Southern
Michigan Company.

" -"»JW ty •\„„.,„l S^M'

PHoaRESS, INI'LATION AND "HARD TIMES."

At the same prolific period a project was started for
a railroad from Cleveland to Cincinnati. The late
Hon. John Barr visited Cincinnati, getting up peti-
tions in favor of the road, and also spent considerable
time at Columbus. The legislature of 1836 readily
granted a charter for the proposed road, and also one
for the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg road, and
Mr. Barr brought the first copies of both charters to
Cleveland. The last mentioned road was to run from
Cleveland through Warren to the State line, connect-
ing there with a road to Pittsburg, or to any other
point on the Ohio river.

Its charter was extremely liberal, and is a good
specimen of the kind of legislation prevalent in those
halcyon days. It allowed the president and directors
to create and sell stock as in their judgment the occa-
sion might require, without limit as to amount, except
that it must not exceed the needs of the company.
They had also full power to select a route, condemn
land, occupy the road, and transport persons or prop-
erty by steam, animal or other power. The projectors
were as modest in the estimate of cost, however, as
could well be desired. They calculated the expense at
seven thousand dollars per mile, though in fact it was
more likely to have been twenty thousand.

These were the celebrated "flush times; " the period
when speculation raged more fiercely — when every
one got richer on paper — ^than was ever the case in the
United States either before or since. John Law's
Mississippi scheme and South Sea bubble, as exploit-
ed among the excitable French, could alone outdo the
great land-speculation and business-speculation of
1835, '36 and '37.

The closing of the United States Bank had been
followed by the chartering of an immense number of
State banks, some of which had a small amount of
capital, more of which had a still smaller amount,
and most of which had substantially no capital at all.
In the West and South this was peculiarly the case,
though the Bast was by no means free from it. The
poorer a region was the more banks it had. Their
paper was accepted everywhere with the most sublime
confidence; private credit was almost unlimited, busi-
ness was going ahead at a tremendous rate, and every-
body was getting rich— in imagination— with unpar-
alleled speed. Eras of inflation, somewhat similar in
general character to that one, have been known since
then, but none that approached it in the degree of
expansion.

Of course any place marked out by nature for the
site of a great city was, with its vicinity, the scene of
au especial energy of speculation. The location at
the mouth of the Cuyahoga was not only thus desig-
nated by nature, but, by the construction of the canal,
had been made in the eyes of the public the future
great city of northern Ohio.

This was enough. . It made no difference to the
speculators that northern Ohio could not then sustain
a large city; that there was neither agriculture, man-
ufactures uor even commerce to produce sucli a re-

sult. Their own roseate hopes colored everything
on which they looked, and they saw the few thou-
sand people already there expanding to a hundred
thousand with unspeakable rapidity; while stately
churches, palatial residences and six-story business
blocks should overshadow the turbid waters and
adorn the rolling uplands of the Cuyahoga. Those
of them who lived long did see all this, but not then.
The climax of the speculation was in 1836. Not
only in Cleveland, but to a less degree in every little
village throughout the county, people expected to
make their fortune by buying land, holding it a year
or two, and selling it at ten or twenty times the pur-
chase price; even the farmers were not free from the
infection. Produce of every kind emulated the bal-
loon-like tendency of real estate. The whole coun-
try, (and espeeitilly the tract on the main line of com-
munication between the Bast and the West, which
then as now ran along the southern shore of Lake
Brie), was in a ferment of unlimited money-making
on paper, and debt-making in fact.

In 1837 the crash came. The inflation by means of
plentiful but baseless paper money had been carried as
far as it could, and the bubble burst. Nearly all the
banks in the country speedily went down under the
storm. Private credit was found equally valueless.
The whole country staggered under the blow, but of
course it was felt with the greatest severity in the
West, where there was but little accumulated capital
to withstand such a shock, and where the enthusiastic
nature of the people had caused them to plunge most
i deeply into the tide of speculation.

Nearly every business man in Cuyahoga county
failed. All the great railroad enterprises of which
we have spoken — the Ohio railroad, the Cleveland,
Warren and Pittsburg road, and the Cleveland,
Columbus and Cincinnati road — stopped as if smitten
with paralysis, and not a stroke of work was done
upon them for years afterward. Numerous buildings
in town and country, in various stages of progress,
stayed their upward course when the financial col-
lapse palsied their owners' hands, and long remained,
abandoned and unfinished, " the mournful monu-
ments of their intended greatness."

The period was long afterward designated as par
excellence "The Hard Times," and no one ever dis-
puted the propriety of the appellation. Other times
have been " hard," but no others have approached in
adamantine solidity the dreadful period from 1837 to
1840.

During the winter of 1837-8 there was great excite-
ment along the whole northern frontier in relation to
what was known as the Patriot war — the effort of a
small portion of the Canadians to sever the Canadas
from the mother country. The few " patriots '
depended principally on the assistance they received
from sympathizers on this side. On both the Niagara
and the Detroit frontiers there was a good deal of
mustering and marching, and a very little fighting,
and even in this vicinity, notwithstanding the inter-

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOG-A COUNTY.

vention of the lake, there were a good many efforts
to afford aid to those whom a majority of our people
looked upon as battling in the cause of freedom.
Henry H. Dodge, of Cleveland, was elected by the
legislature major general of the ninth division of the
Ohio militia, and especially charged with the main-
tenance of order along the frontier. His delicate, if
not arduous, duties were discharged in a manner en-
tirely satisfactory to both the governor of Ohio and
the authorities of Canada. There being a sad lack
of rebels in Canada, the rebellion was easily extin-
guished in 1838, and amid more exciting events soon
almost passed from the memory of the busy people on
this side.

Although, as before stated, the period from 1825,
and in fact from 1815, down to 1837, was one of
rapid development throughout the country, yet evi-
dences were frequently seen that the wilderness was
not yet quite numbered among the things of the past.
Capt. Lewis Dibble, of Cleveland, mentions seeing a
deer near where Willson avenue now is, in 1837, or
later. Discovering the presence of man, he bounded
away, sailed gracefully over the fences and dashed
away into the woods. Still later, Capt. Dibble men-
tions seeing deer feeding among the cows in Euclid.
In the more retired townships, such as Middleburg,
Olmstead, Solon, etc., not only deer but bears and
wolves were still occasionally slain by adroit hunters.

CHAPTER XIV.

THE PEBIOD FKOM 1840 TO 1861.

Beginning to recover— Anger at the Party in Power— Formation of
Lake County — Its Area — The Water Part of Cuyahoga County-
Population in 1840 — The Log-Cabin Campaign — A Fugitive Slave
Case— Changes of Boundary on the Line of Orange— Alfred Kelley—
Railroad Talk revived— A Vote of Aid— The C. C. & C. Eoad reor-
ganized—The Junction Railroad— The Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland
Eoad— Dark Prospects- The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula
Eoad— Great Days for Steamboats— List of the Principal Steamers
in 1850— Later Steamers— Propellers — Stage Coaches — End of the
Hunting and Log-House Period — Population in 1850 — Opening the
First Railroad — Other Enterprises go forward — Direct Trade with
Europe— A Fleet from Cnyahoga County— American Skill— The Panic
of 1857— The Census of 1800— Origin of the Celebration of Peny's Vic-
tory—The Contract— The Sculptor— Invitations— Governors Sprague
and Dennison— Immense Crowds— The Military Companies— The Ora-
tors of the Day— Distinguished Persons Present— The Monument and
Statue— Masonic Ceremonies— The Mock Battle— The Military Eeview
—The last great Peaceful Gathering— The Political Campaign— The
Events of the Winter.

By the spring of the year 1840 the people began to
recover, though only slowly, from the disastrous finan-
cial reverse of 1837. They were still sore and angry
over the sudden collapse of the wind-inflated moun-
tain of supposed wealth on which they had perched
themselves, and were prepared to visit with condign
punishment the Democratic party, under whose rule
it had occurred; partly because that party was held
responsible for the destruction of the old United
States Bank and the chartering of so many worth-
less State banks, and partly because the party in

power is always condemned, on general principles,
for whatever disasters may occur while it holds the
reigns of government.

On the 20th day of March, 1840, the county of
Lake was formed, principally from Geauga county,
but including the township of Chagrin, (now Wil-
loughby,) in this county. This was an extraordinary
example of the eagerness of at least a portion of the
people for new counties and new offices. The consti-
tution of the State required that every county should
have an area of at least four hundred square miles.
To give the proposed county of Lake such an extent,
it was necessary not only to take Willoughby from
Cuyahoga, but to estimate as a part of the constitu-
tional area that part of the surface of Lake Erie lying
between the water-front of Geauga county and the
boundary between the United States and Canada.
This was decided to be technically a part of Geauga
county, and by that method the area of the county
was inflated to the desired amount.

So it will be remembered that Cuyahoga embraces,
not only the tract of about four hundred and fifty
square miles of land usually included within its lim-
its, but another tract of not less than a thousand
square miles of water, with all that lies above it and
below it, as far as man can ascend or descend.

By the census of 1840 the population of Cuyahoga
was twenty-five thousand, five hundred and forty-two,
divided among the various townships as follows:
Cleveland, 7037; Mayfield, 853; Orange, 1114; Solon,
774; Euclid, 1774; Warrensville, 1085; Bedford, 2021;
Newburg, 1342; Independence, 754; Brecksville, 1124;
Brooklyn, 1409; Parma, 965; Royalton, 1051; Rock-
port, 1151; Middleburg, 339; Strongsville, 1151; Do-
ver, 960; Olmstead, 659.

The summer and autumn of 1840 were long re-
membered as the time of the celebrated "log-cabin"
campaign in favor of General Harrison. The West-
ern Reserve was one of the strongholds of Whiggery,
and a very large majority of the voters of Cuyahoga
county were enthusiastic supporters of Harrison.
They joined with immense zest in the numerous jubi-
lant demonstrations characteristic of that campaign,
and when the great celebration was held on the bat-
tle field of Tippecanoe nearly half the men in the
county turned out to attend it. So strong was the
popular feeling, and so eager was the desire to see the
celebration, that even the Democrats made the pil-
grimage in organized bodies, sharing in the marches
and maneuvers of their Whig brethren, but drawing
aside and resuming their party fealty as they reap-
proached their homes. Cuyahoga gave a large major-
ity of her votes for General Harrison, who, as is well
known, was triumphantly elected.

The situation of Cleveland, as the principal port on
the south shore of Lake Erie, made Cuyahoga county
a natural resort for slaves seeking to escape from both
Kentucky and Virginia. Down to 1841 slave owners
were in the habit of sending their agents to Cleveland,
who caused those they accused of being runaways to

THE PEEIOD FROM 1840 TO 1861.

be arrested and taken before a magistrate, when a war-
rant was issued, almost as a matter of form, and they
were taken to the State of the claimant.

In the spring of 1841 three negroes, supposed to
have escaped from New Orleans were found in Buf-
falo, whence they were kidnapped, brought to Cleve-
land, arrested under the old law of the United States,
and thrown into jail. Edward Wade and John A.
Eoot, two of the few Abolitionists in the city, applied
for admission to see them and were refused. Thomas
Bolton, (afterwards Judge Bolton,) a prominent law-
yer, indignant at this violation of justice, made the
same request, and, not being an Abolitionist, was at
once admitted. He consulted with the negroes, and
announcad his intention of defending them. So
strong was the feeling against anything that could be
called Abolitionism that much indignation was ex-
pressed against Mr. Bolton in consequence, and there
was even talk of tearing down his ofiBce.

With undaunted firmness, however, he persisted in
his course, showed up the iniquity of the proceedings
in relation to the kidnapping, and procured the dis-
charge of the negroes. The event had a great effect
in breaking up the habit of sending off negroes with-
out an investigation, and for twenty years no more
slaves were taken back to the South from Cuyahoga
county.

On the 29th day of January, 1841, lots seventeen,
eighteen and nineteen, in the southwest corner of the
township of Russell, in G-eauga county, were annexed
to Orange, in this county; the object being to include
the whole of the rising village of Chagrin Falls, which
had previously been cut in two, almost in the center,
by the county line. At the same time a strip ninety
rods wide, lying along the north half of the east line
of Orange, was annexed to Russell as a compensation
for the former transfer. On the 11th of January,
1843, the strip just mentioned was reannexed to
Orange, this being the last change in the much-dis-
torted boundaries of Cuyahoga county.

So heavy were the burdens caused by unwise
speculation and financial disaster, and so eager were
demagogues, then as now, to seek popularity by
plundering the public creditor, that there was a strong
feeling in the legislature of 1843 in favor of repudi-
ating the debt of the State. Meanwhile an instal-
ment of interest was coming due, and there was no
money in the treasury to pay it with. Hon. Alfred
Kelley, of Cleveland, who was then State fund-commis-
sioner, went to New York and raised half a million
dollars on his own security, to meet the payment.

For several years after the great crash of 1837 the
people of Cuyahoga county were willing to plod
along very quietly; only striving that if possible they
might recover from that tremendous shock. But
about 1844 they began to talk about railroads again.
In that year Hon. John Barr wrote a sketch of Cleve-
land.and a description of its trade, for the National
Review, published in New York.

In 1845 Cleveland voted to loan its credit for two

hundred thousand dollars, to aid in building a
railroad to Cincinnati, and for one hundred thousand
dollars to build one to Brie. The same year the
charter of the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg road
was revived; the directors being authorized to build
it on the nearest and most practicable route from
Cleveland to the Ohio river.

The old, lapsed charter of the Cleveland, Colum-
bus and- Cincinnati project was also revived, and a
new company was organized, with Hon. J. W. Allen,
of Cleveland, as president, and Richard Hilliard,
John M. Woolsey and H. B. Payne as the other
Cleveland directors. The act reviving the charter
contained a clause permitting the city of Cleveland
to subscribe two million dollars to the stock of the
company. This was promptly done, but private sub-
scriptions were slow and few, and the prospects of
the enterprise were not at all brilliant.

In March, 1846, the Junction railroad company
was incorporated, with an imaginary capital of three
million dollars, and authorized to build a road from
the Cleveland to the west line of the State, on such
route as might be chosen.

About the same time the Toledo, Norwalk and
Cleveland railroad company was incorporated, with
authority to build a road from Toledo by Norwalk to
connect with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin-
nati road in either Huron or Lorain county.

In 1847, so dark was the prospect that it was
almost determined to abandon the Cleveland, Colum-
bus and Cincinnati road for a time. Its friends,
however, made a desperate rally; H. B. Payne and R.
Hilliard volunteering to work three months for its
interest. The late Leonard Case subscribed five hun-
dred thousand dollars; sixty-five thousand dollars was
obtained from other sources, and the friends of the
road determined to stand by their colors. The next
year a contract to build the road from Cleveland to
Columbus was let to Harbeck, Stone and Witt; that
being the largest contract which had then been made
by any party or firm in the United States.

The next year, 1848, an act was passed incorpor-
ating the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula com-
pany to build a road from Cleveland to the Pennsyl-
vania line, and in 1849 it was surveyed.

Thus the county approaches the end of the first
half of this century, with its inhabitants almost as
excited as they were in the "flush times," though
with: a much more solid basis for their hopes. Ptur
important railroads, intended to concentrate at Cleve-
land and to traverse all parts of the county, were in
various stages of progress, but none were completed.
This seems a proper time, therefore, to take a glance
at the county as it was before the days of railroads.

^hese were the great days of steamboats on the
water and of stage coaches on land. From the time
the ice was out of the lake in the spring till the time
it came back in the autumn there was hardly an hour
in which two or three stately white steamers, with
their trailing crests of smoke, were not to be seen

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

crossing the watery portion of Cuyahoga county.
From the Bast to the West they went loaded with pas-
sengers. From the "West to the East they carried some
passengers and some freight — though the time of car-
rying large quantities of grain and other freight by
steamboat had not yet come. Western produce was
generally carried east in sloops, schooners and brigs,
the white sails of which were to be seen swelling
gracefully before the wind, as the deeply laden hulls
ploughed thi'ough the waters of the county.

Many of these steamei's were of great size, and
were fitted up w^ith palatial magnificence. The fol-
lowing is a list of the principal ones which were on
Lake Erie in 1850, with the tonnage, origin and fate
of each, taken substantially from a pamphlet called
Marine History of the Lake Ports, published at De-
troit in 1877:

" De Witt Clinton," of four hundred and ninety-
three tons; built at Huron in 1836; sunk at Dunkirk
in 1851.

" Illinois " (First), of seven hundred and fifty-five
tons ; built at Detroit in 1837; lost on Lake Huron
in 1868.

"Rochester," of four hundred and seventy-two
tons; built near Fairport in 1837; wrecked at Erie in
1852 — •seven lives lost.

"Cleveland" (First), of five hundred and eighty
tons ; built at Huron in 1837; burned at Tonawanda
in 1854.

"Bunker Hill," of four hundred and fifty-seven
tons, built at Black River in 1837; burned at Tona-
wanda in 1857.

" Anthony Wayne," of three hundred and ninety
tons ; built at Perrysburg in 1837 ; exploded in
1850.

" Detroit," (Second), of three hundred and fifty
tons; built at Newport in 1840; sunk in Saginaw bay
in 1854.

"Missouri," of six hundred and twelve tons;
built at Erie in 1840; converted into a propeller barge
in 1868.

" Empire," of eleven hundred and thirty-six tons;
built at Cleveland in 1844, lost on Long Point in
1870.

" New Orleans," of six hundred and ten tons; built
at Detroit in 1844; lost at Thunder bay in 1853.

" St. Louis," of six hundred and eighteen tons;
built at Perrysburg in 1844; wrecked on Lake Erie
in 1852.

U. S. steamer " Michigan," of five hundred and
eighty-three tons; built at Erie in 1844; wrecked.

"Niagara" (Second), of ten hundred eighty-four
tons; built at Buffalo in 1845; burned on Lake Michi-
gan in 1856 — sixty lives lost.

"G. P. Grifiith," five hundred and seven tons;
built at Buffalo in 1845; burned on Lake Erie in 1850,
with a loss of two hundred and fifty lives.

" Albany," of six hundred and sixty-nine tons;
built at Detroit in 1846; wrecked at Presq' Isle, Lake
Huron, in 1853.

"Hendrick Hudson," of seven hundred and fifty-
nine tons; built at Black river in 1846; burned at
Cleveland in 1860.

" Louisiana," of nine hundred tons; built at Buffalo
in 1846; wrecked at Port Burwell in 1854.

"Saratoga," of eight hundred tons, built at Cleve-
land in 1846; wrecked at Port Burwell in 1854.

" Canada," of eight hundred tons; built at Chip-
pewa in 1846; lost on Lake Michigan in 1855.

"Baltic," of eight hundred and twenty-five tons;
built at Buffalo in 1847; made a barge in 1863.

" Sultana," of eight hundred tons; built at Trenton
in 1847; wrecked in 1858.

"A. D. Patchin," of eight hundred and seventy
tons; built at Trenton in 1847; wrecked at Skillagalee
in 1850.

" Baltimore," of five hundred tons; built at Mon-
roe in 1847; wrecked at Sheboygan in 1855.

" Diamond," of three hundred and thirty-six tons;
built at Buffalo in 1847; broken up at Detroit in
1860.

" Pacific," of five hundred tons; built at Newport
in 1847; lost on Lake Michigan in 1867.

"Ohio " (Second), of six hundred tons; built at
Cleveland in 1847; dismantled at Erie in 1859.

" Southerner," of five hundred tons; built at Tren-
ton in 1847; wrecked on Lake Erie in 1863.

"Arrow," of three hundred and fifty tons; built at
Trenton in 1848; condemned in Green Bay in 1863.

"Alabama," of six hundred tons: built at Detroit
in 1848; sunk near Buffalo in 1854.

" Franklin Moore," of three hundred tons; built at
Newport in 1848; broken up in 1862.

"J. D. Morton," of four hundred tons; built at
Toledo in 1848; burned on St. Clair river in 1863.

"Empire State," of seventeen hundred tons; buiP, at
St. Clair in 1848; made a dry dock at Buffalo in 1858.

"Queen City," of a thousand tons; built at Buffalo
in 1858; lost on Lake Huron in 1866.

" Globe," of twelve hundred tons; built at Detroit in
1848; converted into a propeller.

"Charter," of three hundred and fifty tons; built at
Detroit in 1848; lost on Lake Erie in 1854.

"John Hollister," of three hundred tons; built at
Perrysburg in 1848; burned on Lake Erie; rebuilt,
and lost on Lake Huron.

" Atlantic," of eleven hundred tons; built at New-
port in 1849; sunk at Long Point — a hundred and
fifty lives lost.

" Mayflower," of thirteen hundred tons; built at De-
troit in 1849; wrecked at Point au Pelee in 1854.

" Keystone State," built at Buffalo inl849; sunk in
Saginaw bay in 1861 — thirty-three lives lost.

We have included in the above list none of less than
three hundred tons. Thus it will be seen that, aside
from numerous smaller ones, there was in 1850 a fleet
of thirty-nine steamers afloat on Lake Erie, ra-nging
from those of three hundred tons up to the great
•leviathan "Empire State," of seventeen hundred
tons.

THE PERIOD FROM 1840 TO 1861.

Gay times were those. The steamboat, in good
weatlier, was as provocative of sociability as the stage-
coach, and furnished a great deal more enjoyment.
The lake steamer was devoid of the monotony of the
ocean vessel, and a voyage of from two days to a
week, through changing lakes, and rivers, and straits,
with all the splendid accessories of the model lake
steamer, by passengers excited with the hope of
western fortunes, or Joyous over their return to
eastern homes, was an event long to be remembered
on the calendar of pleasure.

But there Was another and much darker side to the
picture. Out of the thirty-nine steamers above men-
tioned, no less than thirty closed their career by be-
ing burned or wrecked. To be sure many of them
sailed ten or fifteen years, and made hundreds of
vovages before being lost, but the disaster, when it
came, was sometimes appalling. The two hundred
and fifty lives lost on the " G. P. Griffith," and the
four hundred lost on the " Lady Elgin," furnished
the most terrible but not the only examples of the
dangers of lake navigation.

We have called especial attention to the fleet afloat
in 1850, because that was the most brilliant period of
lake navigation, which began to decline soon after the
completion of railroad communication between the
East and the West; but there was a large number of
steamers (not usually very large ones) which had gone
out of service before that time, besides many, both
large and splendid, which were put in commission at
a later period.

Among the most important of the latter were the
"Arctic," of eight hundred and fifty-seven tons; the
" Buckeye State," of twelve hundred and seventy-fonr
tons; the "Northerner," of fivehundrcd and fourteen
tofis; the " Minnesota," of seven hundred and forty-
nine tons; the " Lady Elgin," of a thousand and thir-
ty-seven tons; the " Iowa," of nine hundred and
eighty-one tons; the " Cleveland," (second) of five
hundred and seventy-four tons; the "Golden Gate,"
of seven hundred and seventy-one tons; the " Trav-
eler," of six hundred and three tons; the "Michigan,"
(second) of six hundred and forty-three tons; the
"Crescent City," of seventeen hundred and forty
tons; the "Queen of the West," of eighteen hundred
and forty-one tons; the " St. Lawrence," of eighteen
hundred and forty-four tons; the " B. H. Collins," of
nine hundred and fifty tons; the "Northern Indiana,"
of fourteen hundred and seventy tons; the " South-
ern Michigan," of fourteen hundred and seventy tons;
the " Forester," of five hundred and four tons; the
"Plymouth Rock." of nineteen hundred and ninety-
one tons; the " Weptern World " of a thousand tons;
the "North Star" of eleven hundred and six tons;
the " Illinois " (second) of eight hundred and twen-
ty-six tons; the "Planet" of eleven hundred and
sixty-four tons; the "Western Metropolis" of eight-
een hundred and sixty tons; the "City of Buffalo" of
two thousand tons; the " City of Cleveland " of seven
hundred and «ighty-eight tons; the "Sea Bird" of

six hundred and thirty-eight tons; the "Detroit" of
eleven hundred and thirteen tons; the "Milwaukee"
of eleven hundred and thirteen tons.

This list includes the steamers of over five hundred
tons put in commission before 1861. The large size
of many of them does not contradict, but rather cor-
roborates, our previous statement that steamboating
began to decline soon after the completion of railroad
communication between the East and West; for, of
the very large ones, all which were not destroyed were
dismantled, or changed into vessels of other descrip-
tions, after only a few years' service.

Propellers had come into use on the lakes as early
as 1843, but for several years they made but little dis-
play in comparison with the magnificent side-wheel
steamers. As the latter, however, were superseded by
the railroads as carriers of passengers, the propellers
came to the front as carriers of grain; tailing tiie lead
of the steamers in that occupation, and rivaling both
the sail vessels and the railroad.

Returning to the land part of Cuyahoga county in
1850, we find the people all alive with business and
confident of future greatness. When the steamboats
were not running, the stages on the lake shore road
were loaded and doubly loaded with passengers; throe,
four, and even five coaches often passing over the
route each way in a single day. The vehicles of the
line running over the great turnpike through Brook-
lyn, Parma and Strongsville to Columbus were simi-
larly crowded in both summer and winter", while those
on other routes through the country were only loss
heavily loaded.

The" close of the last half of this century may be
regarded as marking the distinction between the old
and the new in this county. The wolves and the
bears had already become extinct, and about this per-
iod the last of the deer disappeared before the ad-
vance of civilization. Certainly they did not wait to
hear more than one or two shrieks of the locomotive.
To an old pioneer, with a taste for hunting, Cuyahoga
county with no deer in it must have sesmed like a new
and undesirable world.

At this period, too, nearly the last of the log houses
which had sheltered the pioneers gave way to the
more comfortable frame residences of the farmers and
the briek mansions of the thriving citizens. Twenty
years before, in at least half of the townships, log
houses had been the rule and framed ones the excep-
tion. The former had gradually bijen given up, and
in 1850 could only be found in some very secluded lo-
cality. In such places, even yet, one may now and
then be seen, a striking memento of the pioneer days
of sixty years ago.

By the census of 1850, the population of the county
was forty-eight thousand and ninety-nine, distributed
as follows: Cleveland, 17,034; Bedford, 1,853; Brecks-
ville, 1,116; Brooklyn, 6,375; Chagrin Falls, 1,250;
Dover, 1,103; East Cleveland, 2,313; Euclid, 1,447;
Indepsndence, 1,485; Mayfield, 1,117; Middleburg,
1,490; Newburg, 1,543; Olmstead, 1,316; Orange,

GENERAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

1,063; Parma, 1,329; Rockport, 1,441; Eoyalton,
1,253; Solon, 1,034; Strongsville, 1,199; Warrens-
ville, 1,410.

On the very threshold of the second half of the
century, Cuyahoga county received the benefits, more
or less, of railway communication; being one of the
very first counties in the West to be invaded of the
iron conqueror. On the 1st day of February, 1851, a
train came through from Columbus over the Cleve-
land, Columbus and Cincinnati road, bearing the
State authorities and the members of the legislature,
when of course a grand Jollification was held. On the
22nd of the same month the road was formally
opened for business. The Cleveland and Pittsburg
road was completed forty miles the same month, tak-
ing it outside the bounds of the county.

The other enterprises before mentioned went for-
ward as rapidly as could be expected. The Cleveland
and Pittsburg road, and the Cleveland, Painesville
and Ashtabula road (from Cleveland to Erie) were
opened for through business in 1853. The Toledo,
Norwalk and Cleveland railroad was completed in
January, 1853; forming the last link in the chain of
railways between Boston and Chicago. The Cleve-
land. Painesville and Ashtabula road was at first run
in connection with tlie Cleveland, Columbus and
Cincinnati road, but in 1855 its management was
separated from that of the latter, and the former
naturally fell into close relations with the other roads
forming the great line along the lake shore communi-
cation fronr the East to the West.

In the latter part of this decade a new communica-
tion was opened between Cuyahoga county and the
outer world. It originated in a schooner called the
" Dean," built by Quayle and Martin, of Cleveland,
for C. J. Kershaw, of Chicago. It was loaded at the
latter post and sent direct to Liverpool (by way of the
Welland canal and the St. Lawrence river) where this
stranger from the Far West naturally created much
surprise. It was sold there. The next year the
barque " C. J. Kershaw" was constructed by the
same builders, and sent to Liverpool by D. C. Pierce,
loaded with staves and lumber; coming back with
crockery and iron.

Direct trade between Chicago and Liverpool soon
failed, but in 1858 a fleet of no less than ten vessels
was sent fiom Cleveland to Europe. It consisted of
the "D. C. Pierce," sent to Liverpool by Pierce &
Barney; the "Kershaw," "Chieftain" and "Black
Hawk," sent to London by the same parties; the "11.
H. Harmon," sent to Liverpool by T. P. Handy;
the "D. W. Sexton," sent to London, and the "J.
P. Warner" to Glasgow, both by Mr. Handy; the
"H. B. Howe," to Liverpool, by H. B. Howe; the
"Correspondent," to Liverpool, by N. M. Standart;
and the "Harvest," to Hamburg, by C. Reis. All
were loaded with staves and lumber; their total
capacity being three thousand six hundred tons. The
cargoes of all were sold to good advantage, and six

returned successfully with cargoes of crockery, iron
and salt.

Some of these vessels attracted especial attention
when thrown among a lot of English ships which
were wind-bound at Land's End. The latter were
entirely unable to beat around the point, but the
American vessels, by their superior sailing qualities,
were able to run close to the wind, unload, reload,
and sail on another voyage before one of the others
could make its way around the " End."

Direct ti-ade with Europe promised to be an im-
portant part of the commerce of the country, but it
was driven by the rebellion into English hands.

In 1858 it was found that the brick court-house,
built thirty years before, was entirely inadequate to
the rising business of the county, and it was not
thought desirable any longer to incumber the public
square of Cleveland with county buildings^ Accord-
ingly, in that year, a substantial stone edifice, of two
storii'S, was erected on ground on the north side of
Rockwell street, facing the northwest corner of the
square.

The panic of 1857 had had a depressing influence
upon Cuyahoga county, as upon the rest of the coun-
try, but it was so light in comparison with the finan-
cial earthquake of 1837 that old stagers did not con-
sider it as a very serious matter. By 1860 all busi-
ness interests were in the way of rapid recovery.

By the census of that year the population of the
county was seventy-seven thousand two hundred and
six, of whom forty-three thousand four hundred and
seventeen were in the city of Cleveland, while the re-
mainder occupied the various townships in the fol-
. lowing numbers: Bedford, 1,098; Brecksville, 1,034;
Brooklyn, 5,358; Chagrin Falls, 1,479; Dover, 1,384;
East Cleveland, 3,011; Euclid, 1,769; Independence,
1,663; Mayfield, 1,079; Middleburg, 3,592; Newburg,
2,810; Olmstead, 1,410; Orange, 1,095; Parma, 1,480;
Rockport, J, 793; Royalton, 1,297; Solon, 1,009;
Strongsville, 958; Warrensville, 1,554.

Among the events of the year the most interesting
was the celebration of the anniversary of Perry's vic-
tory, and the erection of a monument to that hero.
The idea originated with Hon. Harvey Rice, who in-
troduced a series of resolutions to that effect in June,^
1857, into the City Council of Cleveland, which unan-
imouslyadopted them. A committee of five members
of the Council was authorized to contract for the
erection of the monument, and to solicit subscrip-
tions to meet the expense; it- consisted of Harvey
Rice, chairman; 0. M. Oviatt, J. M. Coffinberry, J.
Kirkpatrick, and C. D. Williams.

In the autumn the committee contracted with T.
Jones and Sons, proprietors of marble works at Cleve-
land, who agreed to provide all materials and erect a
monument surmounted with a statue of Perry, in the
best style of the sculptor's art, subject to the approval
of the committee, in time for the celebration on the
tenth of September, 1860. The price was to be six
thousand dollars, if so much could- be obtained bj

<;:^Cw^

THE PERIOD FROM 1840 TO 1861.

•^9

subscription from the citizens of Cleveland, as to
which the contractors took all the risk.

After corresponding with various artists, Messrs.
Jones and Sons procured the services of Mr. William
Walcutt as the sculptor of the statue. A block of
rough Carrara marble was imported from Italy, and
the entire work of shaping the statue was performed
in the studio of Messrs. Jones and Sons at Cleveland.
On account of the increased cost of the monument,
as finally approved, the contract price was increased
to eiglit thousand dollars — always provided it could
be obtained by subscription.

The work went forward, and in the forepart of
1860 the council sent out a larger number of invita-
tions to the approaching fete. These included the
son, daughter and other relatives of Commodore
Perry; all the survivors of the battle, the governor,
State ofi&cers, etc., of Ohio, the governor. State officers
and legislature of Rhode Island (the State of Perry's
residence), and numerous distinguished individuals
throughout the country. It was determined to locate
the monument in the center of the public square, at
Cleveland.

The celebration was fixed for Monday, the 10th of
September, 1860. On Saturday, the 8th, Governor
Sprague, of Rhode Island, with his staff, the State
ofiBcers and many members of the legislature of that
State, and the Providence Light Infantry, arrived at
Cleveland; being received with a speech of welcome
by Governor Dennison, of Ohio, who was already in
the city. Immense crowds of people also came by all
the railroads, so as to be ready for the celebration on
Monday. Thousands upon thousands also came by
teams on Saturday and Sunday, from all the country
round.

During Monday forenoon every railroad brought an
almost continuous succession of trains; all the cars
being loaded with people, inside aud out. After
careful computation it was estimated by cautious and
experienced men that at least one hundred thousand
visitors were in the city during the afternoon of
Monday.

The procession was of great length; General J. W.
Fitch being marshal of the day. It was headed by
eighteen companies of uniformed militia, of which
the folowing were of this county: Cleveland Light
Artillery regiment, under Colonel James Barnett and
Lieutenant Colonel S. B. Sturges, consisting of com-
panies A, B, D and E, commanded respectively by
Captains Simmons, Mack, Rice and Heckman; the
Brooklyn Light Artillery under Captain Pelton; the
Cleveland Light Dragoons, under Captain Haltnorth;
the Cleveland Grays, under Captain Paddock; the
Cleveland Light Guards, under Captain Sanford.

The military was followed by Govs. Dennison and
Sprague and their staffs ; the guests from Rhode
Island; the mayor and common council of Cleveland;
Messrs. Jones and Sons, contractors ; officers and
soldiers of the war of 1813; survivors of the battle of
Lake Erie; descendants and relatives of Commodore

Perry; William Walcutt, the sculptor; George Ban-
croft and Dr. Usher Parsons (surgeon in the battle,)
orators of the day; and the judges and clergy of the
vicinity. Following these came, a very large number
of the Masons of northern Ohio and neighboring
States, marshaled by their respective officers; the In-
dependent Order of Odd Fellows; and a long aiTay of
citizens and strangers.

Among the distinguished persons present, besides
those already named, were Oliver Hazard Perry, the
son of the Commodore; Rev. Dr. G. B. Perry, a rel-
ative of the commodore, and chaplain of the dav;
Commodore Stephen Ohamplin, a cousin of Perry,
and commander of the "Scorpion" in the battle; and
Capt. Thomas Brownell, pilot of the "Ariel."

The monument and statue had been set u23 in the
public square, which since that time, and in honor of
the occasion, has been called Monumental Park.* The
services were held there; the statue being unveiled by
the sculptor. The pedestal is of Rhode Island granite,
twelve feet high, while the statue, of Italian marble,
is eight feet two inches in hight. Of course it faces
the lake which was the scene of the great victory.
On the lake front of the monument is a representa-
tion, in alto relievo, of the celebrated scene when the
hero passed amid a shower of bullets from the deck
of the stricken "Lawrence" to that of the "Niag-
ara." The statue itself is very spirited in design and
execution, and, while we do not feel competent to
speak of those technical points which a sculptor would
observe, yet we can truly say that not only was it
highly satisfactory to those who knew the commodore,
as a piece of life-like portraiture, but it is in exact
harmony with all American traditions regarding the
brave, handsome, dashing, high-spirited victor of
the battle of Lake Erie. Since the ce'ebration two
smaller figures by the same artist, a " Sailor Boy "
and a " Midsliipman," have been placed on the monu-
ment, on either side of the chieftain.

George Bancroft, the distinguished historian, de-
livered the principal address, and Dr. Usher Parsons
narrated the events of tlie battle, as they came under
his observation. The proceedings at the square were
closed by the impressive ceremonies of the Masonic
order.

One of the most interesting events of the day, to
the people at large, was the mock battle on the lake,
which followed the ceremonies at the square, in which
the two fleets which had met in deadly combat forty-
seven years before, were faithfully reproduced by
vessels of similar size, and in which, after a furious
cannonade and the representation of the principal
incidents of the real combat, the British ships, one
after the other, struck their colors to the victorious
Americans.

The following day the military companies present
held a grand parade, and were reviewed by Governors

* A.S most of our readers are probably aware, the monument has been
moved during the present season to a point nearer the southeast coi'ner
of the park.

GENERAL HISTORY OP CtJYASOGA COtTNTY.

Dennison and Spragne. This closed by far the great-
est and most interesting celebration that Cuyahoga
county had ever seen.

We have described it at considerable length, for it
was not only a brilliant event of itself but it was the
most striking occurrence in this county, during the
last year of peace. The patriotic memories of the
past were insufficient to restrain the madness of the
of the slave-propagandists, and when next the streets
of Cleveland resounded with the tread of hurrying
crowds, there was no mock battle in prospect.

The political campaign, which was in progress
when the great celebration took place, resulted, as is
well known, in the triumph of the Republican party,
and the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presi-
dency. It is needless here to recount at length how
this manifestation of the people's will was made an
excuse for rebellion by the slave-holders of the South;
how State after State abandoned its allegiance, and
how the coming of spring found a Southern Con-
federacy already organized and armed, in defiance of
the authority of the republic for which Perry fought.

Here, as elsewhere throughout the North, men
looked on in amazement at this disloyal madness, and
it was not until the blow actually fell upon the walls
of Sumter that they could bring themselves to believe
in the reality of such senseless infamy.

CHAPTER XV.

DURINU ABTD SIIVOE THE "WAB.

The Uprising of the People— Camp Taylor— Our Plan of Showing Ser-
vices of Soldiers— Lists of Soldiers— The Ladies' Meeting— Permanent
Organization —Co-operation with other Societies— Dr. Newberry— The
Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio— Numerous Subordinates-
Fort Donelson— Pittsburg Landing— The Territory Tributary to the
Society— No Slate Lines -Pressed for Means— A. Gift of Ten Thousand
Dollars—" Soldiers' Acres" and "Onion Leagues "—The Northern Ohio
Sanitary Fair— lis Success— Immense Returns— Other Labors— A
Threatened Draft Riot-Dispersal of the Mob-The "Squirrel Hunters"
—Cuyahoga Governors— Tod and Brough— Brough's Exertions in
18G4— The Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad— The Soldiers become
Men of Peace— Prof. Newberry— The Census of 1870— The Crisis of
1873— The Fourth Court-House— The Jail— Conclusion.

Ojf the 14th of April, 1861, the storm burst. The
Cleveland papers of the next morning contained a full
account of the assault upon Sumter. As the High-
landers of three centuries ago sprang to arms when
tlie fiery cross was sent among them by their cliief-
tains, thus, and almost as swiftly, responded the men
of the North when the daily newspapers told the story
of their country's danger. The sons of Cuyahoga
county were ready with the foremost. From the stores
and offices Of the city, from the shops of the villages,
from the farms of the country, they came forward to
do liattle for the integrity of the nation. The
Cleveland Grays and Company D of the Cleveland
Light Artillery were two of the very first companies
to take the field for three months, to give an oppor-
tunity for the organization of a permanent force.

On the 33d of April Camp Taylor was established at
Cleveland by the governor, and made the rendezvous

of the volunteers from northern Ohio. By the 37 th
of the same month several thousand men were in
camp, coming from nearly all the counties of the
section named. Cuyahoga county furnished three
companies, and parts of several others, who became
members of the Seventh infantry.

In order to give even an idea of the services of the
soldiers of Cuyahoga county during the war, we find
it necessary to furnish a separate sketch of each
regiment and battery in which it were represented.
As Cuyahoga had soldiers in no less than sixty-two
regiments of infantry and cavalry, and seventeen
batteries of artillery, many of these sketches must of
necessity be exceedingly brief. Their size is made
proportionate, so far as j^ossible, to the number of
men from this county in each organization, and to
the amount of service rendered.

Bach sketch of a regiment or battery is followed
by a list of the soldiers serving in it who were residents
of this county at the time of the war, with a state-
ment of their respective enlistments, promotions,
discharges, etc. These have been compiled with
great care from the records in the adjutant-general's
office at Columbus, and are perfect transcripts from
them. It is possible that there may be defects in the
rolls in the adjutant-general's office, either from the
soldier's giving the wrong residence, or from acci-
dental causes, but this we cannot avoid.

So far as the historical sketches are concerned, we
have depended largely on Reid's " Ohio in the War,''
the correctness of which we find to be endorsed by
all the Ohio soldiers who have examined it and whom
we have talked with on the subject. In regard, how-
ever, to those regiments which are largely represented
from this county, wo have taken pains to consult
with surviving members and obtain from them an
account, not only of the principal services of each
command, but of some of the numerous incidents
which lend variety to the story of life in the field.
When regimental or battery histories have been pub-
lished, these have been the jjrincipal sources of in-
formation.

These historical sketches, each with its accompanying
list of soldiers from Cuyahoga county, follow immedi-
ately after this chapter; being arranged according to
the regimental or battery number in, successively, the
infantry, cavalry and artillery arms of the service.

The people warmly sustained the efforts of their
gallant soldiers, and the ladies were especially zealous
in doing so. On the 30th of April, five days after
the President's first call for troops, the ladies of
Cleveland assembled for the purpose of offering what-
ever aid they could give, though as to what it would
be they, like every one else, were profoundly ignorant.
For a few days the more active scraped lint and made
bandages, and made "raids " on the people to obtain
blankets for new volunteers, as yet unprovided with
those necessary articles.

In a short time the Ladies' Aid Society of Cleve-
land was permanently organized. As this soon be-

DURING AND SINCE THE WAR.

came the head of the various movements in northern
Ohio in aid of the soldiers, and in six or seven months
assumed the name of the Soldiers' Aid Society of
Northern Ohio, it should properly be considered as
an institution of a genei-al character, and some of its
acts should be narrated in the general history of the
county. The first permanent officers were Mrs. B.
Rouse, president; Mrs. John Shelley and Mrs. Wm.
Melheich, vice presidents; Mary Clark Brayton, sec-
retary; and Ellen F. Terj-y, treasurer. In the spring
of 1863, Mrs. Lewis Burton became vice president;
Mrs. Shelley having removed from the county. The
secretary and treasurer served faithfully throughout
the war, and have since published a handsome and
interesting book on the workings of the society, en-
titled " Our Acre and its Harvest," from which we
have derived the items given here.

The leaders of the Cleveland society speedily in-
vited the co-operation of the smaller places, sending
out an immense number of circulars to clergymen,
prominent citizens, ladies, etc. Numerous societies
were soon organized in nearly all the townships of this
county and the adjoining counties; some being start-
ed independently and some on account of the sug-
gestions of the Cleveland organization, but almost all
being soon drawn into affiliation with it; being con-
vinced that they could best attain their object by act-
ing in subordination to it.

In September, 1861, Dr. J. S. Newberry, of Cleve-
land, was made secretary of the Western department
of the United States Sanitary Commission, and
thenceforth had general supervision of the afEairs of
that association in the valley of the Mississippi. In
the following month the Cleveland Aid Society was
made a corresponding branch of the United States
Sanitary Commission. On the 30th of November,
1861, its name was changed to the Soldiers' Aid
Society of Northern Ohio, as already mentioned.
Thenceforth its acts and fame were national rather
than local. Its benevolence was not even bounded by
State lines, but extended to all who wore the Union
blue.

At the time of the change of name just noted, the
society was receiving contributions from two hundred
and forty-three towns of northern Ohio, of which a
hundred and twenty had branch organizations. Find-
ing that steady contributions were necessary, rather
than spasmodic efforts, the Aid Society prevailed on
a large number of citizens to make pledges of small,
regular amounts weekly, on which the officers could
rely to snpply increasing needs.

After the capture of Fort Donelson, a thousand sets
of hospital clothing and a hundred and sixty boxes of
supplies were sent forward. But it was after the bat-
tle of Pittsburg Landing that the greatest excitement
prevailed. Nearly every regiment from the Western
Reserve was present, hundreds of men from Cuya-
hoga county were among the killed and wounded,
and the whole community felt the shock. Thou-
sands of contributions of every description flowed in

upon the ladies of the society, by whom they were
forwarded to the- suffering soldiers.

By the first of July, 1862, there were three hundred
and twenty-five societies organized as branches of the
Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio. These
associations collected funds and supplies in their own
way, receiving suggestions from the Northern Ohio
Society as to what was best to be done. The sup-
plies were then forwarded to the latter association
which sent them to whatever points they were most,
needed. The officers of the Northern Ohio Society
refused to receive money from any of the subordinate
organizations; thinking it better that it should be in-
vested in material, prepared for use by the members
of the various associations at home, and then for-
warded by means of the facilities which the Northern
Ohio Society could furnish. There were tributary to
it at this period, and during the latter part of the
wasr, nearly all the societies in the counties of Trum-
bull, Ashtabula, Mahoning, Columbiana, Carroll,
Stark, Tusacarawas, Portage, Geauga, Lake, Summit,
Wayne, Holmes, Ashland, Lorain, Huron, Erie, Me-
dina and Cuyahoga; besides a small part of North-
western Pennsylvania.

A list of contributions was published weekly in the
Cleveland Herald. The ladies also availed themselves
of the offer made by Mr. Edwin Cowles of the use of
two columns weekly of the Cleveland Leader, for such
use as they might find necessary. It will be remem-
bered that the society was not only a sort of general
agency for all northern Ohio, but was also the di-
rect agent for all Cleveland contributions. It were
impossible to tell the story of a hundredth part of
the services performed by it; of delicacies of all kinds
sent to the wounded and the sick; of clothing and
bed furniture supplied to hospitals; of friends fur-
nished with information; these and hundreds of sim-
ilar services were performed day after day, month
after month, year after year, from the beginning to
the end of the war, for soldiers of every State from
Maine to Kansas; alike for the stalwart heroes of
Minnesota and the persecuted Unionists of Tennessee.

In the winter of 1863-3 the society had over four
hundred branches. Yet money and contributions
then came in slowly, for taxes were heavy, prices of
all kinds were high, and the exertions of the last two
years had told seriously on the resources of the people.
It was aided by lectures by the celebrated Elihu Bur-
ritt, and by the scarcely less celebrated Artemus
Ward (whilom a resident of Cleveland under the
name of Charles F. Brown), and ere long it received
a gift of ten thousand dollars, part of a large dona-
tion from California. This seemed then like a very
large amount, being accepted only in instalments,
and previous efforts to secure a permanent supply
being steadily continued.

At this time there was a cry for more vegetables,
on the ground that scurvy was appearing in the army.
The Northern Ohio Society promptly forwarded
large quantities of potatoes and onions, and at the

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

same time endeavored to enlist the people within its
influence in providing for a permanent supply of
tliose and similar articles. Many farmers set aside a
"soldier's acre" for this purpose in the spring, and
even the children parodied the " Union leagues " of
the day with " Onion leagues," which cultivated beds
of that useful vegetable for the benefit of the nation's
defenders.

In February, 1864, the Northern Ohio Sanitary
Fair was organized under the management of the
association; an immense frame structure being built
in the center of Monumental Park, at Cleveland,
over Perry's statue, at a cost of ten thousand dollars.
As this was half as much as the gross receipts of any
sanitary fair yet organized, it was deemed a very haz-
ardous expenditure. The fair was inaugurated on the
twenty-second of February, and after a most brilliant
display and numerous successful entertainments it
was found that the gross receipts were a trifle over a
hundred thousand dollars, while the expenses were
but about twenty-one thousand dollars. The sub-
stantial surplus thus acquired enabled the ladies of
the association to extend their operations, and to
supply a much larger number of sick and wounded
soldiers than before with comforts and delicacies,
which in some degree mitigated their sufEei'ings.

The labors of the association were continued to the
end of the war, and even after its close thousands of
invalid soldiers received its aid, while the families of
the dead were assisted in the procurement of pen-
sions, and in numerous other ways.

We have spoken at some length (considering the
many subjects requiring mention in such a book as
this) of the association and its work; for during those
fateful years it was really one of the great institutions
of Cuyahoga county, and was also a faithful exponent
of the feelings of the people.

Nearly all the quotas called for from the county
were filled by volunteering. A draft was ordered,
however, in September, 1863, to fill some vacancies,
and at one time serious trouble seemed imminent.
A mob of five hundred or six hundred persons, armed
with clubs, pistols, etc., surrounded the office of Hon.
Harvey Rice, commissioner of the draft, on account
of imaginary unfairness in its management. Meeting
them firmly, he sent to Camp Cleveland, on Wood-
laud Hights, for military aid. Shields' Nineteenth
battery, just organized, was there, awaiting orders
to go to the front. They were armed with venerable
Austrian muskets, and with an old six-pounder used
to fire salutes with.

They came hastily down; their muskets being loaded
with ball cartridge, and their solitary cannon half
filled with a miscellaneous assortment of nails, scrap
iron, bullets and other death-dealing missiles. When
the mob made some extra violent demonstrations, the
command, acting as infantry, charged bayonet and
drove them from the square, but, fortunately for both
parties, was not called on to fire the miscellaneous
load out of the cannon. Mr. Rice then permitted

the people to send in a committee to examine the
operations of the office, who found that everything
was conducted with the utmost fairness. This was
the only serious attempt at rioting, or opposition to
the law, made during the war, in Cnyahoga county.
Besides the numerous organizations mentioned in
the following chaptei's, when the State was threatened
with invasion by Bragg in 1863, and a large number
of "squirrel hunters" were called on to help defend
it, a company marched to the front, from Berea and
vicinity, armed with their "squirrel rifles," and
ready to aid in repelling the enemy if necessary.
They were not called on to do so, however, and some
returned homo.

It was not strange that Cuyahoga county mani-
fested so much energy and zeal in the Union cause;
for two of the war governors of Ohio resided wholly
or partially within its limits. Hon. David Tod, who
was elected governor by the Union Republican party
in the autumn of 1861, taking his seat on the Ist of
January following, had a residence at Cleveland, and
also one outside of the county. Hon. John Brough,
the leonine statesman who was elected by the Repub-
licans over Vallandigham in the autumn of 1863 by a
hundred thousand majority, was also a resident of
Cleveland, and president of the Bellefontaine railroad
company. In the spring of 1864 he consulted with
other western governors and proposed that they
call out a hundred thousand men for a hundred days,
to guard posts and otlierwise aid in achieving success
in the campaign of that year. All agreed, as did the
war department at Washington. The latter tele-
graphed for thirty thousand Ohio militia in ten
days. Thirty-eight thousand responded within the
time. This sturdiest of Unionists and most ener-
getic of governors died in the office he had done so
much to dignify and make useful.

During the war business was active, on account of
the great mci'ease of paper money in volume and de-
preciation in value; yet there were few permanent im-
provements made; both because people's minds were
absorbed in the war, and because they were unwilling
in the disturbed state of the finances to make large
government investments. The principal public en-
terprise which was carried out at this period in north-
ern Ohio was the Atlantic and Great Western rail-
road, which was built principally with foreign capital.
In 1863, it leased the Cleveland and Mahoning rail-
road for ninety-nine years, and immediately supplied
it with an extra track; so it could be used for broad
or narrow gauge cars. It has been employed espe-
cially for the transportation of coal from the beds of
Mahoning county, immense amounts of which have
been brought to Cleveland, the manufactories of
which have been greatly stimulated thereby.

On the close of the war the soldiers of Cuyahoga
county, like those of the rest of the Union, at once
put ofE their military habits and resumed the avoca-
tions of civil life. Less than six months saw the
transformation complete, and all the energy lately

-^4^^^^^^^^

FIRST AND FIFTH INFANTRY.

given to the arts of destruction^mployed in those of
construction. But the latter, though more pleasant,
and in the long run more important, than the former,
do not by any means make so brilliant a mark on
the page of history. The current of events flows
broadly, swiftly and beneficently onward in peace,
but it is the rapids and cataracts of war which strike
the eye.

In 1869, Professor Newberry, before mentioned in
connection with the Sanitary Commission, was ap-
pointed chief geologist of the State of Ohio. As
such, with a corps of assistants, he made an exhaustive
geological survey of the State, embodied in several
valuable' volumes.

By the census of 1870 the population of the county,
notwithstanding the war, had reached the number of
one hundred and thirty-two thousand nine hundred
and three. Of these ninety-two thousand eight
hundred and twenty-eight were in Cleveland, while
the remainder were to be found in the respective
townships as follows: Bedford, 1,788 ; Brecksville,
1,007 ; Brooklyn, 3,713 ; Chagrin Falls, 1,321 ;
Dover, 1,145 ; East Cleveland, 5,044; Euclid, 3,188;
Independence, 1,761 ; Mayfield, 893 ; Middleburg,
3,662; Newburg, 6,237; Olmstead, 1,570; Orange,
1,802; Parma, 1,433; Rockport, 3,001; Royaton,
1,089; Solon, 899; Strongsville, 896; Warrensville,
1,426. It will be seen that, while the agricultural
township had increased very little, and some of them
had decreased, since the i)revious census, the popula-
tion of Cleveland had more than doubled, besides
the large number who had located in the adjoining
towns, so as to become in fact suburban residents of
the city.

In 1873 the same causes, inflation and speculation,
which had brought about the financial crash of 1837,
produced another, far less violent than the one men-
tioned but more injurious than that which occurred
in 1857. Business and improvements of all kinds
received a severe check, five years saw but slight
progress, and it is only during the present season
that a decided change for the better has been
observed.

In 1875 the fourth court-house of Cuyahoga county
was begun, and so far completed in 1876 as to be used
by the courts and for other public purposes. The
court-house erected in 1858 is also still in use. It is
somewhat difficult to describe the new one; for one
hardly knows whether to give its dimensions and
appearance as it is, or as it is to be. Probably the
former is the safer method, with a brief reference to
what it may be.

The present building, then, is of stone, and fronts
on Seneca street, extending back nearly to the court-
house of 1858. Its width is seventy-five feet and its
depth ninety-two feet. There is a high basement
story, occupied by some of the county officers and for
other purposes. On the first story above this is a wide
hall, with the rooms of the probate judge and. sheriff
on either side. On the second floor is the criminal

court room, sixty-eight feet long, sixty feet wide and
thirty-five feet high, .and very elaborately finished.
On the third, or Mansard, floor are rooms for the use
of juries and for other purposes.

The proposed north wing is to be thirty-four feet
front and eighty-four feet deep. The south wing is
to be forty-nine feet front and eighty four feet deep,
and it is expected that in due time it will be sur-
mounted by a tower a hiindred and twenty feet high.
The wings, when completed, are to be occupied by
the various courts and county officers who are now
located in the building of 1858.

A very large and strong jail was also built in 1875,
on the same ground (north of the court house), for-
merly occupied by the jail of 1851, which was removed
to give place to its successor. The new jail, very
substantially built of stone, has three departments,
respectively for men, women and boys. The men's
department is sixty feet wide by a hundred and thirty
feet long, with one hundred and twenty cells.

The boys' department is twenty feet by twenty-four,
with sixteen cells. The women's department is in
the same building as the sheriff's residence, and like-
wise has sixteen cells. The whole building last men-
tioned is ninety feet by thirty-seven, and three stories
high.

Notwithstanding the financial closeness since 1873,
numerous local improvements have been made
tliroughout the county, which are noticed under
their appropriate heads. We now close the consecu-
tive record of Cuyahoga county for the purpose of
presenting our readers with sketches of various or-
ganizations pertaining to it, beginning with the
regiments and batteries representing that county in
the war for the Union.

CHAPTER XVI.

FIRST AND FIFTH INFANTRY,

Organization of First Infantry— The Cleveland Grays— Vienna —BuU
Eun— Reorganization for Three Years— Cuyahoga Companies— In
Kentucky and Tennessee— Pittsburg Landing— A Fight at Huntsville
-Stone River— Chiclcamauga— Orchard Knob— Capture of Mission
Rldge—Resaoa— Burnt Hickory— Number of Engagements— Mustered
Out— Members from Cuyahoga County— The Fifth Infantry— Connec-
tion with Cuyahoga County— Men Transferred from Seventh— List of
Members.

FIRST INFANTKY.

The First Infantry was organized in April, 1861,
in response to the President's first call for troops.
The Cleveland Grays, an old and highly esteemed
militia organization, formed one of its companies,
under Captain T. S. Paddock, and Lieutenants
Jeremiah Ensworth and J. B. Hampson. So prompt
was the answer to the call that within sixty hours
afterwards the regiment was on its way to the capital.
It was attached to General Schenck's brigade and was
611 route to Vienna when its first engagement with
tlie enemy was had. The rebels fired into the train,
when the First tjuickly formed on the side of the

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

track, followed by the other regiments, and made so
effective a resistance as to be enabled to retire with
but small loss. In the battle of Bull Run the regi-
ment took no active part, but rendered excellent ser-
vice in guarding the retreat.

In August, 1861, the reorganization of the regi-
ment for three years' service was begun, but not
completed until October. Company D was largely
from Cuyahoga county, as well as a few men from
companies F, G and I. In November the regiment
was made a part of the Fourth Brigade of the Second
Division, under General McCook. From December
17th, 1861, until February 14th, 1862, it remained
in camp at Green River, Kentucky. On the 17th
the brigade marched to Nashville; arriving five miles
out on Franklin Turnpike it went into camp. On the
31st it crossed Duck river and moved toward Sa-
vannah.

On the morning of April 6th the march was re-
sumed. Savannah reached at half past seven p.m.,
and Pittsburg Landing at daylight the next morning.

At six a.m., the First moved to the front and
formed in line of battle. After fighting until noon,
repeatedly charging the enemy and recapturing Gen-
eral Sherman's headquarters, the regiment retired to
procure ammunition. This being obtained, it again
advanced and participated in the general charge on
the enemy's front. The First was then sent to assist
Colonel Gibson's command; arriving just in time to
repel a vigorous attack. In this battle the regiment
was commanded by Colonel B. F. Smith, and lost
sixty officers and men.

On May 27th six companies of the First, under
Major Bassett Langdon, had a sharp fight at Bridge
Creek. At Huntsville they took the cars and reached
Boiling Fork, a tributary of the Elk river, July 1st.
On the 28th the regiment moved to Altamont, and
September 1st to Nashville, passing through Man-
chester, Murfreesboro and Lavergne. At Dog-walk,
on the 9th of October, the First took part in the bat-
tle, and lost several men. On the 11th it joined
General Buell's forces at Perryville.

On December 31st the battle of Stone river com-
menced. The First was stationed on the right of E.
W. Johnson's division. A half hour's brisk skirmish-
ing followed, and the enemy was promptly checked.
A heavy force appeared and made an attack on the
First, compelling it to fall back. In doing this, much
confusion occurred and the whole right wing was
forced back. At the Nashville and Chattanooga rail-
road re-enforcements arrived, and the enemy was
driven back.

After many hard marches and a number of sharp
skirmishes, the regiment reached Stevenson, Alabama,
August 30th, 1863, to take part in the Chickamauga
campaign. On the 19th of September it reported to
Genei-al Thomas, and was placed in the front line
under heavy firing. A charge was made on the ene-
my, General Baird's position retaken and several
pieces of artillery captured. A most terrific fight

ensued in the darkness, and the First was compelled
to change position. In doing this they fell back
about one hundred and fifty yards. The enemy soon
retired and the battle ceased for the night. The next
afternoon the First and the Louisville Legion charged
and put to rout a body of the enemy, but at length
shared in the general disaster which befell the army.
The regiment lost in this fight one hundred, and
twenty men.

On the 20th of October the First formed a part of
the force that surprised and captured the ridge be-
tween Lookout valley and Racoon mountain.

On November 23d the regiment engaged in the bat-
tle of Orchard Knob, and on the 25th rendered noble
service at the capture of Mission ridge. The entire
loss of the Seventh during this battle was five officers
and seventy-eight men, killed and wounded. On
January 17th, 1864, during the East Tennessee cam-
paign, the regiment had a brisk engagement at Straw-
berry Plains, losing some men. On the Atlanta cam-
paign. May 10th, 1864, at Buzzard's Roost, several
were wounded and thi-ee killed. May 14th, at Re-
saca, Georgia, two were killed and sixteen wounded,
and the next day four were killed and twelve wounded.
At Adairsville the regiment had a sharp skirmish;
losing two killed and two wounded. At Burnt Hick-
ory, May 27th, eight men and two officers were killed
and seventy-one men wounded. June 17th, atKene-
saw, eight men were wounded. At the crossing of
Chattahoochie river two men were killed.

During its term of service the First was engaged in
twenty-four battles and skirmishes, and had five
hundred and twenty-seven officers and men killed and
wounded. The last man of the regiment was mus-
tered out October 14th, 18G4.

MEMBERS FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Edward J. Collins, enrolled August 17, 1861; promoted to First Lieuten-
ant March 25, 1863, and to Regimental Quartermaster May 8, 1863.
Mustered out with regiment Septemlier 24, 1864.

William A. Davidson, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861 ; promoted to
Quartermaster. Mustered out with the regiment.

James Hill, enrolled as Regimental Quartermaster August 23, 1861 ; pro-
moted to First Lieutenant and transferred to Company H May 8,
1863. Resigned October 17, 1883.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Andrew J. Mabb, enrolled August 18, 1861; promoted to Commissary
Sergeant. Mustered out with regiment.

COMPANY D.

James B. Hampson, enrolled as Captain August 17, 1861; promoted De-
( cember 31, 1863, to Major 124th Regiment. Killed at Pickett's Mills,
Georgia, May 27, 1864.

George L. Hayward, enrolled as First Lieutenant August 17, 1861-; pro-
moted to Captain December 10, 1862, to Lieutenant Colonel 129th
Regiment July 2rth, 1863.

Sylvanus S. Dixon, enrolled as First Sergeant August 20, 1861: promoted
to Second Lieutenant June 24, 1862, and to First Lieutenant Novem-
ber 15, 1863. Killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 27, 1864

Alexander Varian, enrolled August 20, 1861; promoted to Second Lieu-
tenant May 26, 1862, and to First Lieutenant December 10, 1862. Died
June 2, 1864, of wounds received at Resaca, Georgia.

William M. Carpenter, enrolled as Second Lieutenant August 17, 1861 ;
promoted to First Lieutenant May 26, 1862. Resigned April 10, 1863.

Willard C. Prentiss, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861; promoted to
Second Lieutenant December 10, 1862. Resigned June 10, 1863.

Charles Wherritt, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861.

William Duncan, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861.

Heni-y Galloway, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861.

SEVENTH INPANTEY.

Rufus A. Hampson, enrolled as Corporal September 1, 1881.

Orrin J. Brown, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861.

George A. Wilson, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861. Killed at the

battle of Resaca, Georgia.
Leavitt Aldrich, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861.
Clement H. Farier, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861.
Joh.i Mullen, enrolled as Musician August 20, 1861.
James B. De Land, enrolled as Masician Auzust 20, 1861.
Charles H. Anderton, enlisted August 17, 1861.
Samuel M. Bearby, enlisted August 20, 1861, Killed.
John L. Buihiell, enlisted August 20, 1861.
Eli Bennett, enlisted August 1'', 1861.
William Buibeck, enlisted August 17, 1861.
Edwin Barber, enlisted August 17, 1861.
Charles W. Campbell, enlisted August 17, 1861.
William Caolder, enlisted August 17, 1831.
Horace J. Conant, enlisted August 17, 1861.
John F. Cady, enlisted August 17, 1861.
William Cowan, enlisted August 17, 1861.
Robert A Oarran, enlisted August 17, 1S61.

Lawrence Dubber, enlisted August 17, 1861.

William P. De Land, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Mwvin L. Eddy, enlisted August 17, 1861 .

Horace W. Farwell, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Frankiu A. Farwell, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Reuben Goss, enlisted August 19, 1861.

Henry vv. Hayward, enlisted August 18, 1861.

William C. Isham, enlisted August 18, 1861.

Enoch F. Jones enlisted August 18, 1861.

Reuben B. Kelley, enUsted August 19, 1861.

Albert C. Leach, enlisted August 19, 1871.

Samuel A. Lamoreaux, enlisted August 18, 1861.

Joseph C. Merrick, enlisted August 18, 1861.

Chester C. Pulver, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Louis W. Pick, enlisted August 17, 1861.

Eugene Roberts, enlisted August 19, 1861.

Charles L. Scobie, enlisted August 18, 1861.

Frederick Scan, enlisted August 18, 1861.

James M. Sala, enlisted August 20, 1861.

Benjamin Sala, enlisted August 20, 1861.

Christopher Tod, enlisted August 20, 1801.

Henry R. Van Ness, enUsted August 20, 1861.

James Van Fossen, enlisted September 9, 1861.
John A. WiUdnson, enlisted August 20, 1801. .

Julius C. Watterson, enli ted August 19, 1861.

Robert F. Watterson, enlisted August 19, 1861.

Frederick Zimmerman, enlisted August 18, 1861.

COMPANY F.

William Hall, enlisted December 11, 186.3. Transferred to Company H.
James McGee, enlisted November 23, 1863. Transferred to Com pany H

COMPANY a.

Simon Keck, enUsted September 30, 1861 Discharged November 4, 1865.
Jacob Welch, enlisted September 29, 1864 Discharged October 1, 1865.

COMPANY I.

Ebenezer Clark, enlisted January 5, 1864. Transferred to Company H,
September 1, 1864. Mustered out May 18, 1865.

John Cartwright. enlisted January 11, 1864. Transferred to Company H,
September 1, 1864.

George A. Joice, enlisted January 5, 1864. Transferred to Company H,
September 1. 1864.

Henry Lowes, enlisted December 28, 1863. Transferred to Company H
Sept 1, 1864.

Francis Moses, enlisted January 7, 1864. Transferred to Company H,
September 1, 1864. , ^ „

Clayton E. Worden, enUsted December :9, 1863. Transferred to Com-
pany H, September 1, 1864.

FIFTH INFANTRY.

The principal connection of this regiment with
Cuyahoga county arises from the fact that thirty men
of the Seventh Infantry, residents of that county,
were transferred to the Fifth from the Seventh In-
fantry, when the Litter was mustered out of service;
the terms of those men not liaving expired. Al-
though the Seventh was mustered out in June, 1864,
the transfer was not consummated until October.
With the Fifth they marched with Sherman on this
.rrandcampaig'.i to the Sea, accompanied him through
the Garoliaas, and took part in the great review at

Washington

Thence the regiment was sent to Louis
ville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out of service
on the 2Gth day of July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY Gr.

Albert Berger, enlisted August 30, 1863. Mustered out June 31, 1865.
Henry Alexander, enlisted September 8, 1862. Mustered out .luly 36, 1 865 .
Solomon Brobst, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 31, 1865.
James C. Brooks, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
Ed. A. Crosby, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered

out June 21, 1866.
Frank J. Covert, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
Peter M. Hardman, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21. 1865.
James Loveless, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Dis-
charged July 14, 1865,
Jonathan Moore, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 186-1, Dis-
charged July 7, 1865,
Otis Martin, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered

out June 31, 1865.
George W. Oliver, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
Abraham Eamalia, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
James Hunt, transfen-ed from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Discharged

May 29, 1865.
Theodore W. Pratt, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
William Stanford, tranferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 28, 1885.
Charles Zimmerman, transferred from 7th Infanti-y October 31, 1864.

Mustered out June 21, 1885.
Charles Walley, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1884. Mus-
tered out June 21, 1865.
Sigo Tyroler. transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered

out June 21, 1865.
Jacob Sehneerberger, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864.
Franz Schaedler. transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus-
tered out January 25, 1865.
Michael Schmidt, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 2, 1865.
Martin Saizer.tran'^ferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered

out June 21, 1885.
John Schirssler, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
Joseph Rowe, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Wounded

June 37 Mustered out August 8, 1865.
Henry Hoffman, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
David F. Dove, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
Coney Deitz, transferred from 7th Infant y October 31, 1864, Mustered

out July 26, 1865.
Conrad Buchman, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 26, 1865.
William Weber, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
Andrew Rick, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864.
Christian Ottinger, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus-
tered out May 31, 1885.
Herman Tetzer, enUsted 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865.

CHAPTER XVII.

SEVENTH INFANTKY.*

Organized for Three Months-First Field Officers — Reorganized for
Three Years— Number from Cuyahoga County— Sent to West Vir-
ginia—Its First Loss— The Disaster at Cross Lanes— Goes east-
Breaks up a Rebel Camp-Battle of Winchester— Port Republic— Suc-
cessive Repulses of the Enemy-Retreat of the Union Army-Cedar
Mountain— Ten-ible Loss of the Seventh -■ Antietam — Driving the
Enemy— Defeating Hampton at Dumfries-Chancellorsville-Gettys-
burg— Ordered west-Mission Ridge -Taylor's Ridge— A Disastrous
Repulse-Deaths of Creighton and Crane— Losses of the Regiment-
Its Services in 1864 -Pumpkin Vine Creek- Ordered Home— Grand
Reception at Cleveland-Mustered Out.

The Seventh Infantry was organized for three
months service, at Camp Taylor, Cleveland, in the
latter part of April, 1861; three companies being

♦ Condensed from Major G. L. Wood's "Seventh Regiment.''

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

from Cuyahoga county, and the remaindei' from other
counties of the Western Reserve. It soon went to
Camp Deuuison, near Cincinnati. On the 11th of
May the regiment elected E. B. Tyler, of Ravenna,
as colonel; W. R, Creighton, of Cleveland, as lieu-
tenant-colonel; and J. S Casement, of Painesville, as
major. Three days later, on the three years call
being submitted to the men, about three-fourths
enlisted for that term. The others were discharged,
recruiting officers were sent home, and on the 19th
and 20th of June the Seventh Ohio Infantry, with
full ranks, was mustered into the service for three
years.

Companies A, B and K were principally from Cuy-
ahoga county; Company A, during the war, having a
hundred and fifty-four men from that county; Com-
pany B, eighty-four men, and Company K, a hundred
and sixteen. Besides these. Company C had twenty-
seven men from Cuyahoga during the war; Company
D, twenty-three; Company E, three; Company F,
six; Company G, six; Comi^any H, fourteen; and
Company I, four; the total in the regiment, with field
and staff, being four hundred and thirty-seven.

In the last days of June the Seventh was ordered
to Clarksburg, West Virginia. While there, a stand
of colors was presented to it on behalf of the German
Turners Society, of Cleveland. The first severe march
was made from that place to Weston, thirty miles
distant, on the last afternoon and night of June.
After scouting in this vicinity a short time, the
Seventh marched to the Gauley valley.

On the 15th of August it took post at Cross Lanes,
where its suffered its first loss. Captain Schutte
and fourteen men of Company K, while on a scout,
were ambushed; the captain being mortally wounded,
and all but four of the men being also killed or
wounded.

Having retired from Cross Lanes, and being or-
dered to return, it reached there alone on the even-
ing of August 35th. Next morning it was vigorously
attacked by a heavy rebel force, and some of the com-
panies thrown into confusion. Captain Crane, with
Company A, made a charge, piercing the rebel line
and capturing a stand of colors. His detachment
was cut off from the main body, however, and obliged
to escape through the mountains to Gen. Cox's army
at Gauley Bridge. Four hundred men under Major
Casement, being nearly surrounded by an overwhelm-
ing force, also escaped through the mountains.
Others escaped singly or in squads, but the regiment
had twenty-one men killed and wounded, and ninety-
six taken larisoners.

The last of October the regiment took part in driv-
ing the rebel Gen. Floyd from his intrenchments on
Cotton Hill, but without loss.

In December the Seventh moved to Romuey, near
the Potomac, and in the forepart of January, 1863,
with several other regiments, made a vigorous and
successful movement, breaking up the intrenched

camp of a rebel colonel in the mountains, and killing
and capturing about a hundred of his men.

During the remainder of the winter the Seventh
served under that brave and enterprising leader. Gen.
Lander, and after his sudden death passed under
the command of Gen. James Shields. On the 11th
of March his coriimand occupied Winchester, and on
the 37th the Seventh took part in its first severe
battle, that of Winchester.

After the enemy's plans had developed themselves,
the Third brigade, with the Seventh Ohio at its head,
was sent to charge a battery, holding an important
position, in flank. A heavy rebel force was stationed
in support, behind a ravine and a stone wall. The
column charged gallantly, and, although unable at
once to drive the foe from his strong position, held
its ground and maintained a desperate conflict. Re-
inforcements came up on both sides, and the two
armies were soon fully engaged in furious strife.
Near night the rebels began to retreat. The Union
army made a charge along its whole line and the re-
treat soon became a rout. Two pieces of artillery and
four caissons were captured by the Third brigade.
The enemy was pursued the next day, but could not
be overtaken. The Seventh had fourteen killed and
fifty-one wounded in this battle.

After various marches in the valley of the Shenan-
doah, the regiment took part in the battle of Port
Republic on the 9th of June. While it was support-
ing a section of Huntington's battery, the enemy
charged the guns. The Seventh lay hidden by a grow-
ing field of wheat until the rebels were within easy
range. Then the ringing tones of the gallant Creigh-
ton were heard, giving the order to rise up and fire.
A shower of bullets riddled the lines of the advanc-
ing column. It staggered and halted. The Seventh
dashed forward, and after a short but desperate con:
flict tlie foe was driven back, followed by the .victori-
ous men of Ohio.

Another charge on the extreme right was also
repelled by the Seventh and some other troops. The
fiery Jackson was in command of the Confederates
and a third assault was soon made on the Union
center, which was repulsed with still more loss than
before.

Another attack was made, and a battery captured on
the Union left. The Fifth and Seventh Ohio were
directed to regain it. Under a tremendous fire they
dashed up a hill and drove the rebels from the guns.
Five color-bearers of the Seventh were shot down in
as many rods. Lieutenant King seized the flag as
the fifth man fell, iiressed forward and was followed
by the regiment, which drove the enemy to the shel-
ter of a neighboring hill. From this, too, they were
driven by the gallant Seventh and their comrades.

At this time large reinforcements joined the enemy,
and as General Shields, with a jjortion of the Union
army, was several miles in the rear, General Tyler,
who was in command, thought it best to retreat. In
this conflict the Seventh had nine men killed, and

SEVENTH INFANTRY.

two officers and fifty-eight men wonnded; one of the
officers being Captain Wood, author of the history of
the regiment.

Colonel Tyler having received a brigadier's star,
Lieutenant-Colonel Creighton had been made colonel,
and Captain Crane, of Company A, major.

Being sent to Alexandria, the regiment remained
there a month, and then joined McDowell's forces in
central Virginia. On the 9th of August the brigade
to which the Seventh belonged, then commanded by
General Geary, was with Banks at Cedar Mountain.
In the afternoon the Seventh, which was stationed on
Telegraph Hill, was ordered forward under the fire of
thirty pieces of artillery, to occupy a cornfield in front
of it. Though its ranks were torn by canuon balls
and shell, and its men were falling at every step, it
moved steadily forward and occupied the assigued
position.

At four o'clock it moved into a meadow, and alone
engaged in a desperate conflict with a vastly superior
force of the enemy. Creighton was wounded and
forced to retire. Crane was disabled. Captain
Molyneaux took command. At length, when out of
three hundred and seven men a hundred and eighty-
one, nearly two-thirds of tlie whole number, were
killed or wounded, the little band who remained un-
injured slowly and sullenly fell back to a safer
position.

Even then its losses were not ended, for at night it
was sent out on picket, and while advancing was fired
on by heavy forces in front and on both flauks, and
was foi'ced to retire.

During the night Banks' entire corps withdrew to
the position it had held before the battle. Three
officers and twenty-seven men of the Seventh were
killed in this battle, and eight officers and a hundred
and forty-three men wounded.

The regiment next retreated with Pope's command
to Washington, but was not engaged during the time.
Soon moving north with McClelian, on the 17th of
September the depleted band, scarcely to be called a
regiment, took part in the battle of Antietam.
Ordered to attack the enemy, strongly posted behind
a rail fence in the edge of a wood, the Seventh with
other troops maintained a fierce conflict with mus-
ketry for an hour and a half, then charged and drove
the rebels from their covert at the point of the bayo-
net, pursuing them fully three-fourths of a mile.

Taking up an advanced position, the division
repelled a charge of General A. P. Hill's division, and
again completely routed the enemy. Similar efforts
all along the line gave to the Union army the victory
of Antietam. The Seventh had five men killed and
thirty -eight wounded in the battle.

The regiment soon passed into Virginia. While
holding the post of Dumfries, on the 27th of Decem-
ber, 1862, with two other regiments, the command
was' attacked by Hampton's division of cavalry in the
night. A few prisoners were captured on the picket
line, but when the dismounted cavalry charged upon

the main force they were defeated again and again,
with very heavy loss. The Seventh had one man
killed, eight wounded and eleven captured.

Remaining in northern Virginia through the winter,
in April, 1863, it advanced with the Army of the
Potomac, then under Hooker, and on the second of
May became warmly engaged in the battle of Chan-
cellorsville. It was ordered to support a line of
skirmishers, but as these would not advance, the
Seventh passed them, drove back the foe, and held
the ground till ordered to retire, which it did in good
order.

On the 3d of May the Seventh led its brigade in a
fiery charge on the enemy, who were driven back, but
the brigade, being unsupported, was in turn compel-
led to retire a short discance. During the night the
heavy cannonading compelled its withdrawal to the
vicinity of United States Ford. Though only en-
gagen a short time in this battle, the little regiment
had fourteen men killed, and seventy wounded.

It will be understood that a portion of the vacancies
caused by death and disability were made good by
recruits from time to time, but only a portion. The
constant tendency was toward decrease.

In June the Seventh went north with the army of
the Potomac, and on the second of July was engaged,
but not severely, in the battle of Gettysburg. It was
also engaged on the third, but was not in the hottest
of the fight and was generally under cover. It had
one man killed and seventeen wounded.

The regiment was soon after sent to New York, to
help maintain order during the draft disturbances,
but in September was ordered back to the Rapidan.

A little later the war-worn Seventh was sent with
Hooker's two corps to join the Western army, and in
due time arrived at Bridgeport. Early in November
it reached the grand army at Chattanooga, which,
on the 24th of that month, advanced against Mis-
sion Ridge. Only some preliminary skirmishing took
place that day. The next day it moved with the
whole army up the precipitous heights of Mission
Ridge, but in front of its line the foe fled with com-
paratively little resistance.

On the 27th the regiment with other troops reached
Ringgold, Georgia, where it found the rebel rear-
guard strongly posted on Taylor's Ridge. The brigade
to which it belonged, commanded by its own colonel,
the fiery Creighton, was ordered to dislodge them.
The Seventh and Sixty-sixth Ohio charged up the
hill, but met with such a withering fire that they weve
compelled to fall back into a ravine. A dea'dly fire
was concentrated on them here, and Col. Creighton
again ordered them to retire. As they reached a
fence, the colonel faced the enemy and waited for his
men to cross it. While in this position he was shot
through the body with a rifle-bullet, fell to the
ground with his wife's name on his lips, and almost
immediately expired.

A few moments later Lieutenant Colonel Crane,
then in command of the Seventh, was instantly killed

GENERAL HISTOfiY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

by a rifle ball througb the forehead. The command
rapidly fell back.

The rebels were soon obliged to retire by the ap-
proach of other Union troops, but they bad inflicted
an irreparable loss on the ever-faithful Seventh Ohio.
Out of two hundred and six men in the action four-
teen men were killed and forty-nine wounded. The
instant death of the colonel and lieutenant colonel
within a few moments of each other, both being niea
of remarkable valor, beloved and honored by their
comrades, had a very depressing eft'ect on the regi-
ment and drew attention throughout the army. Gen-
eral Hooker exclaimed, when he beard of it:

"My God, are they dead? Two braver men never
lived."

The loss of the regiment in the three battles of
Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge and Taylor's Ridge
was Ave officers and fourteen men killed, and eight
officers and fifty-four men wounded. At Taylor's
Ridge only one officer present was left alive and un-
wounded.

The bodies of the two young heroes, Creighton and*
Crane (the former was but twenty-six and the latter
thirty-four), were sent home to Cleveland, and buried
with all the honors that a patriotic and deeisly affected
community could bestow.

The Seventh remained near Chattanooga through
the winter, and in the spring of 1864 advanced with
Sherman toward Atlanta. At Pumpkin Vine Creek,
on the 35 th of May, it was warmly engaged for a
short time; having three men killed and fifteen
wounded. In June, while in camp at Allatoona, the
term of the Seventh expired and it was at once or-
dered homo. About two hundred and fifty men,
wiiose terms had not expired, were transferred to the
Fifth Infantry. Two hundred and forty-five officers
and men, all told, returned home; the remnants of
over a thousand who went forth at their country's
call three years before. They were welcomed at
Cleveland on the 10th of June, 1804, by an immense
concourse, and accorded a banquet and a formal recep-
tion; being addressed by Governor Brougb and Pros-
ecuting Attorney Grannis.

The men were given a brief furlough; not being
mustered out until after the Fourth of July, on
which day, with the Eighth Ohio, they received an-
other grand ovation.

During the service of the Seventh Ohio more than
six hundred and thirty of its men were killed and
wounded; a hundred and thirty being slain in the
field. About a hundred also died of disease.

Taking it all in all, considering the number of its
battles, its marches, its losses, its conduct in action,
it may safely be said, that not a single regiment in
the United States gained more lasting honor or de-
served better of its country than the Seventh Ohio
Volunteer Infantry.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUlirTT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

William R. Creighton, enrolled as Captain Company A-, April 19, 18G1.
Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel June 19, 1861, and to Colonel May
ao, 1S62. Killed at Mission Ridge, November 27, 1863.

Orrin J. Crane, enrolled as Captain June 19, 1861. Promoted to Major
May 2fi, 1862, and to Lieutenant Colonel March 2, 1863. Killed at
Mission Ridge November 27, 1863.

Morris Baxter, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861. Promoted to Ser-
geant June 20, 1861; to Second Lieutenant Company H, June 1, 1863;
and to Adjutant September 1, 1863. Died November 30, 1863, from
wounds received at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1863.

John C. Ferguson enrolled as Assistant Surgeon May 4, 1863. Mustered
out with the Regiment July 8, 1864.

John Morris, enrolled as Quarter Master April 25, 1861. Resigned De-
cember 24, 1861.

Dean C. Wright, enrolled as Chaplain January 11, 1862. Resigned Janu-
ary 9, 1863.

Curtiss J. Bellows, enrolled as Surgeon December 1, 1862. Mustered out "
with the Regiment.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Dwight H. Brown, enrolled as Sergeant, June 19, 1861. Promoted to Ser-
geant Major May 24, 1862; to Second Lieutenant June 1, 1863.

Joseph P. Webb, enrolled June 7, 1861, Promoted to Sergeant Major
January 1, 1862. Killed at battle of Winchester, Virginia, March 23,
1862.

Reuben W. Walters, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Non-Com-
rais«ioned Staff as Hospital Steward, March 15, 1864. ■ Discharged for
disability March 1, 1865.

COMPANY A.

Orrin J. Crane, (See Field and Staff.)

Joseph B. Molyneaux, enrolled as First Lieutenant June 18, 1861. Pro-
moted to Captain January 1, 1863. Honorably discharged February
11,1863.

William A Howe, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861. Promoted to Sec-
ond Lieutenant April 13, 1862; to.First Lieutenant November 11, 1863,
and to Captain .fune 1, 1863 Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Albert C. Burgess, eni'oUed as First Lieutenant June 19, 1861. Promoted
to Captain Company F. November 25, 1861.

George A. McKay, enrolled as First Sergeant June 19, 1861. Promoted
to Second Lieutenant November 7, 1862; to First Lieutenant June 1,
1863, and to Captain March 19, 1864. Wounded at Ringgold, Georgia,
November 27, 186.3. Mustered out July 8, 1864.

Dudley A. Kimball, enrolled as Second Lieutenant June 19, 1861. Re-
signed April 1, 1862.

Dwight H. Brown, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant Major May 24, 1862, to Second Lieutenant June 1, 1863, and to
First Lieutenant November 1, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864.

J. G. ClaCHin, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861; promoted to First Ser-
geant November 7, 1862. Mustered out with the regiment July 8, 1864.

Zebulon P. Davis, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant Novembfr 20, 1801. Mustered out with the regiment.

John H. Mallory. enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant May 14 1862. Mustered out with the regiment.

Francis Williams, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant September 1, 1863. Mustered out with the regiment,

John H. Galvin, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Coi-poral September
1, 1862, and to Sergeant January 16, 1864. Mustered out with the
regiment.

Albert Bishop, enlisted lune 17, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

Joseph McClain, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; made Bugler July 22, 1862. Mus-
tered out with the regiment.

Hiram V. Warren, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal May 14,
1862. Mustered out with the regiment.

Heniy A. Blaiklock, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.

Joseph T. Brightmore, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the
regiment.

Frederick W. Brand, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.

Carlos A. Burroughs, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.

.John Cronin, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

jindrew J. Crippen, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Henry C. Eckert, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

Jacob F. Houck, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

Benjamin Hatfield, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Robert B. Johnston, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Luther W. Loomis, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
AJonzo J. Morgan, enlisted June 19, 1851. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

SEVENTH INFANTRY.

Charles E. Preble, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Charles W. Powell, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.

Thomas C. Sherwood, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.

Alfred W. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
Edward A. Swayne, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
Charles W. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
William H. Thurston, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg-
iment.
George E. Vaughn, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
James White, enlisted June 19, 1881. Left in hospital at Cincinnati.
Richard L. Wilsdon, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi-
ment.
Townley Gillett, enlisted June 19, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Killed at

Port Eepuhlic, Virginia, June 9, 1888.
Alfred Austin, enlisted June 19, 1881 ; promoted to Corporal September

11, 1861. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November 28, 1863.
John D. Craig, enlisted June 19, 1881 ; promoted to Corpora 1 October 30,

1861. Killed at Chaneellorsville, Virginia. May 2, 1863.
John C. Collett, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; pi-omoted to Corporal. Killed at

Ringgold, Geoi^ia, November 27, 1863.
Joseph Blackwell, enlisted September 20, 1861. Killed at Cedar Moun-
tain, Virginia, August 10, 1862.
John Handle, enUsted June 19, 1881. Killed at Winchester, Virginia, May

2, 1862.
Charles H. Cheeney, enlisted August 7, 1862. Killed at Chaneellorsville,

Virginia, May 1, 1883.
Henry A. Pratt, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Chaneellorsville, Vir-
ginia, May 3, 1863.
Charles Stem, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Virginia,

March 23, 1862.
Adolph Snider, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, Virginia,

August 9, 1862.
Ephraim M. Towne, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Chaneellorsville,

Virginia, May 3. 1863.
Morris J. Holly, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861; promoted to Ser-
geant: taken prisoner July 22, 1863. Mustered out December 17, 1864.
William Kehl, enrolled June 19, 1961. Missing since battle of Winchester,

Virginia, March 23, 1868.
Leonard Wacker, enlisted June 19, 1861. Missing since battle of Cedar

Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862.
Teeodore Leoompte, em-oiled as Sergeant June 18, 1861. Died at Sutton,

Virginia, July 28, 1861.
Henry J. Brown, enlisted June 19,1861; promoted to Corporal. Died
August 26, 1862, at Alexandria, Virginia, of wounds received at Cedar
Mountain, August 9, 1862.
Edward T. Kelley, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Died

April 20, 1862, from wounds received at Winchester.
Francis I. Werz, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Died
January 5, 185.3, at Alexandria, Virginia, from wounds received at
Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862.
Morrison J. Cannell, enlisted September 11, 1861. Died at Newburg,

Ohio, November 18, 1861.
Thomas Dowse, enlisted August 14, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tennes-
see, December 19, 1863, from wounds received at Ringgold, Gporgia,
November 27th.
Abraham Ginter, enlisted.June 19 1861. Died at Alexandria, Virgima,
September 1, 1862, from wounds reaeived at Cedar Mountain, Au-
gust 9th.
Jeremiah C. Jones, enlisted June 19, 1881. Died at Bridgeport, Alabama,

February 22, 1864. „. . .

Willis F. McLain, enlisted June 19, 1881. Died at Gauley Ridge, Virgmia,

September 27, 1861, from accidental wound.
Michael McCaune, enlisted October 30, 1861. Died at Charleston, Vir-
ginia November 8, 1881, of accidental wound.
Thomas Shepley, enlisted June 19, 1861. Died at Carnifax Ferry, Vir-
ginia, September 2, 1861, from wounds received at Cross Lanes,
August 26, 1861. , „ ,

Louis ihroeder, enlisted June 19, 1861. Accidentally drowned at Fred-
ericksburg Virginia, May 24, 1862.
George E Spencer, enlisted August 28, 1862. Died at Chattanooga Ten-
nessee, December 21, 1883, from wounds received at Ringgold, No-

Chelt^e™ w'^B^adley, enlisted August 8, 1862; taken prisoner at Dumfries
Virginia, December 27, 1861 ; was paroled and exchanged. Mustered

Simrj"'SLlsey,'en.istedAugustl3,1362. Furloughed June 1, 1863 and

never rejoined the regiment.
Evan Evans, enlistedJune 19, 1861; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes .^^-
ginia, August 26, 1862; paroled and exchanged but never rejoined
the regiment.
12

Andrew J. Scovill, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes,
Virginia, August 26, 1862; paroled and exchanged but never rejoined
the regiment.

Carlos A. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Dis-
charged for disability December 21, 1861.

Frank Dutton, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1801. Discharged for disa-
bility caused by wounds received at Cross Lane August 27th.

Milton D. Holmes, enlisted June 19, 1801 ; promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged January 8, 1883.

Aaron C. Lovett, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged Seplember 14, 1882,
for disability caused by wounds received at Port Republic, Virginia,
June 9th.

Samuel Sweet, enlisted June 19, 1881; jjromoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, October 20, 1862.

Herbert L. Smalley, enrolled as Fifer Junel9, 1881; promoted to Cor
poral. Discharged at Bridgeport, Alabama, February 23, 1864.

Marcus Broekway, enrolled as drummer June 19, 1801 . Mustered out
with the regiment.

Edward Mullen, enlisted October 13, 1861 ; made drummer. Discharged
April 14,1862.

Lewis Austin, enlsited June 19, 1861. Discharged February 16, 1863, for
disability.

Perry Bennett, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability Decem-
ber 24, 1863.

Charles Ballou, enlisted September 20, 1861. Discharged for disability
May 10, 1862.

John H. Burton, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability July
25, 1802.

Samuel E. Buchanan, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
August 13, 1802.

Theodore Burt, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged July 1.3, 1862.

John G. Burns, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged April 25, 1863.

Daniel W. Clancy, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged July 19, 1802.

Ferdinand Cregne, enhsted June 19, 1861. Discharged lor disability
November 3, 1802.

Leander H. Campbell, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability
December 10, 1862.

Alexander M Clinton, enlLsted September 20, 1861. Discharged for dis-
abiUty November 27, 1862.

George W. Evans, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability June
20, 1862.

Thomas Fresher, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability May
6, 1862.

Fred. P. Fai rand, enlisted September 20, 1861. Discharged tor disability
November 4, 1882.

H. F. Gardner, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability June

15, 1862.

William F. Gillson, enUsted September 11, 1861. Discharged for disa-
ability January 23, 1883.

Jabez C. Gazely, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged tor disability
April 8, 1863.

William N. Hubbell, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
December 24, 1881.

Fred. W. Hoffman, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged tor disability
October 29, 1862.

Orvis F. Jackman, enlisted August 8, 1862. Discharged Nov. 20, 1883.

Philip Kelley, enlisted March 28, 1862, Discharged for disability No-
vember 28, 1862.

Charles A. Keller, enlisted" June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
November 11, 1802.

Frederick Keller, enlisted October 20, 1801. Discharged for disability
January 5, 1863.

David B. Lawrence, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged July 20, 1802.

Arthur Lappin, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability Decem-
ber 24, 1862.

James J. Lloyd, enlisted June 19, 1861, Discharged for disability Jan-
uary 2, 1863.

William Lucas, enlisted September 8, 1802. Discharged for disability
February 5, 1863.

Fred. G. McDowell, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
February 1, 1862.

Joseph Miller, enUsted June 19, 1861. Discharged tor disability July

16, 1862.

Isaac Mascfield, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged fordisability Janu-
ary 18, 1883.

Stephen Mills, enli^ted August 11, 1862. Discharged for disability Feb-
ruary 9, 1863.

John n. Prestage, enUsted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
December 23, 1801.

John G. Parsons, enUsted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability
January 8, 1803.

Charles H. Ranney, enlisted June 19. 1861. Discharged tor disability
October 6, 1861.

Thomas BicheU, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Sep-
tember 20, 1862.

Edward St. Lawrence, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability
January 31, 1863.

GENERAL HiSTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Thomas J. Scovill, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability

July 8, 1862.
George W. Simmons, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability

January 17, 1863.
David Q. Stein, enUsted June 19, 1861. Discharged April 28, 1863.
William N. Thompson, enhsted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability

March 31, 1863.
t'ord W. White, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Octo-
ber 20, 1881.
William Saddler, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861; promoted to Ser-
geant. Transferred to the invalid corps January 15, 1864.
John H. Bower, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to the invalid corps

September 1, 1863.
Theo, F. Hammond, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to invalid

dorps July 1, 1863.
Jacob Heege, enlisted August 11, 1862. Tranferred to invalid corps

September 1, 1863.
Frederick Rhodes, enlisted August 8, 1863; transferred to invalid corps

January 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865.
Isaac Stratton, enUsted April 20, 1861. Transferred to Company F.

June 20, 1861.
Myron H. Whaley, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes,
Virginia, August 26, 1891. Exchanged and transferred to 2d United
States Cavalry.
Albert D. Forby, enUsted August 31, 1862; transferred to Company B,

5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865.
William Southwell, enlisted August 26, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; promoted to Sergeant November
22, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1865.
Stephen Averill, enlisted August 5, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, and promoted to Corporal October 31, 1864; mus-
tered out May 29, 1865.
Thomas Ryan, enlisted July 2, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth
Regiment, October 31, 1864; promoted to Corporal March 1, 1865;
mustered out June 5, 1865.
Edwin L. Wright, enlisted August 25, 1802. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, and promoted to Corporal October 31, 1864; mus-
tered out June 5, 1865.
}Uchard L. Barber, enlisted August 30, 1862; Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out May -30, 1865.
John Euoher, enlisted August 31, 1882; Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out July 5, 1865.
John Gear, enlisted August 2, 1862; Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 186.5.
William Horn, enlisted August 1, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1884; mustered out June 5, 1865.
Jacob Ott, enlisted August 19, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1885.
James Sherwood, enlisted August 6, 1863. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1865.
Samuel Sadler, enlisted August 26, 1863. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1863.
Leonard Noble, enlisted August 7, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1885.
Fr.ink Randall, enlisted October 9, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861; mustered out July 26, 1865.
Adolphus M, Randall, enlisted October 8, 1862. Transferred to Company

B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1884; mustered out July 18, 1885.
William H. Johnson, enlisted October 10, 1881. Transferred June~ 11,

1864, to Fifth Infantry.
Franklin G. Rockefeller, enlisted September 20, 1861. Transferred June

11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry.
William Seufert, enli^ed October 11, 1881. Transferred June 11, 1864, to

Fifth Infantry.
WilUam Williams, enlisted October 11, 1861. Transferred June 11, 1864,

to Fifth Infantry.
Lewis J. Watkins, enlisted September 11, 1861. Transferred June 11

1864, to Fifth Infantry.
Wilham E . Forbey, enlisted Septem ber 20, 1 881 . Promoted to Coiporal

Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry.
Charles A. Wood, enlisted September 11, 1861. Transferred June 11,

1864, to Fifth Infantry.
Charles Baker, enlisted August 26, 1883. Transferred June 11, 1864, to

Fifth Infantry.
Edward Hart, enlisted August 18, 1883. Transferred June 11, 1861, to
Fifth Infantry.

COMPANY B.

James F. Sterling, enrolled as Captain, April 22, 1861. Promoted Sep-
tember 1, 1862, to Lieutenant Colonel of the One Hundred and Third
Regiment.

Merwin Clark, enrolled as First Sergeant, June 19, 1861. Promoted to
Second Lieutenant February 20, 1862; to First Liautenant July 23,
1862, andto Captain June 1, 1883. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Re-en'-
listed as Lieutenant Colonel of the One Hundred and Eighty-Third
Regiment, November 16, 1864. KiUed in action, at Franklin, Ten-
nessee, November 30, 1864.

Henry Z, Eaton, enrolled as Second Lieutenant, June 17, 1861. Pro-
moted to First Lieutenant, February 20, 1862. Honorably discharged
November 14, 1862.
Edwin H. Bourne, enrolled as Sergeant Company K, April 22, 1861.
Promoted Second Lieutenant July 25, 1863, and to First Lieutenant
of Company B, November 1, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Joseph Cryne, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861. Promoted to Second
Lieutenant July 23, 1862. Transferred to Company I, May 25, 1863.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Levi F. Bauder. enrolled as Sergeant April 23, 1861. Promoted to First

Sergeant September 30, 1803. Mustered out July 6, 1884.
Marcus M. Cutler, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 ';promoted to
Sergeant September 1, 1882. Wounded at Ringgold, Georgia, No-
vember 27, 1863 .
Joseph Frotier. enlisted June 20. 1881. Promoted to Corporal May 10,
1862, and to Sergeant November 1, 1862. Wounded at Cedar Moun-
tain Augiist 9, 1883. Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Marshall Walker, enlisted June 20, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Septem-
ber 1, 1862, and to Sergeant June 1, 1863. Mustered out with the
Company July 6, 1864.
Franklin R, Gasklll, enlisted June 30, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Sep-
tember 1, 1862, and to Sergeant January 1, 1864. Wounded at Cedar
Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862, and at Reseca, Georgia, May 15,
1884. Mustered out July 6, 1864,
Jesse Hardesty, enlisted June 30, 1861, Promoted to Corporal Septem-
ber 1, 1862. Taken prisoner at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862, and
paroled September 13th. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Lawrence K. Lamphear, enlisted June 20, 1881 Promoted to Corporal
January 1, 1864. Wounded at Antietara, Maryland, September 17,
1882. Mustered out July 0, 1864.
Jacob Marks, enlisted June 20, 1861. Promoted to Corporal September
1, 1862, Wounded at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862 and at Dallas,
Georgia, May 25, 1864. Mustered out .January, fm, 1865.
Samuel E. Gordon, enlisted April 23, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Janu-
ary 1, 1802. Wounded at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1863,
Mustered out July 8, 1864
Edward E. Stebbins, enrolled as Drummer, June 20 1861. Mustered out

July 6, 1864.
Andrew Attoff, enlisted April 22, 1861. Taken prisoner at Dumfries,
Vu-ginia, December 27, 1863. Rejoined the Company, June 5, 1863.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Daniel T. Boyle, enhsted June 8, 1861 . Taken prisoner at Cross Lanes,
Virginia, August 36, 1881; released lune 8, 1882. Wounded at Chan-
cellorsville. May 3, 1868. Transfered to Invalid Corps, September
30, 1863.
Lucius Aley, enUsted June 30, 1861. Mu-stered out July 6, 1864.
Charles F. Chase, enUsted June 7, 1861. Transferred to Battery I, First

Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861.
Jacob A. Carson, enUsted August 32, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg,
July 3, 1883, and at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 19, 1864. Trans-
ferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861 . Discharged
June 5, 1865.
Sylvester Carter, enlisted August 7, 1862. Wounded at Dumfries, Vir-
ginia, December 37, 1882. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regi-
ment, October 31, 188t. Mustered out. May 30, 1865,
Edward Case, enlisted September 2:3, 1863, Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Absent at Hospital since 24th
April, 1885.
Francis Clifford, enlisted J^ne 20, 1861. Mustered out July 6, 1884.
John F Gordon, enlisted August 13, 1882. Taken prisoner at Dumfries,
Virginia, December 37, 1802. Released and rejoined the Company.
Wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865.
George H. Simmonds, enlisted June 10, 1861. Transferred to Battery I,

First Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861.
Albert A. Wooley, enlisted June 5, 1861 . Transferred to Battery I, First

Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861.
GustavusA. Zirnier, enlisted June 8, 1861. Discharged for disability

December 5, 1862.
Ernest A. Zwicker, enUsted April 22, 1861. Wounded at Cedar Mountain,

August 9, 1862, Discharged October 35, 1863.
Renssalear R. Peebles, enlisted May 30, 1861. Discharged November 20,

1881.
Albert E. Withers, enlisted June 6, 1861. Wounded at Winchester, Vir-
ginia, March 23, 1863. Dischar ^ed October 24, 1863,
George A. Wood, enlisted June 6, 1861. Wounded at Antietam, Mary-
land, September 17, 1869. Discharged October 34, 1883.
Mitchell St. Ange, enlisted Junell, 1881. Wounded at Chancellorsville,
Virgmia, May 3, 1863. Leg crushed in railroad accident. Discharged
January 23, 186i.

Duncan Reid, enUsted June 3, 1861 . Wounded at Winchester, Virginia,
March 33, 1862. Discharged July 30, 1862.

Joseph Gasser, enUsted June 20, 1861. Wounded at Winchester, Vir-
gmia, March 33, 1882. Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Frank Henrich, enlisted June 20, 1861. Wounded at Cedar Mountain,
Virginia, August 9, 1862. Mustered out July 6, 1864.

SEVENTH INFANTRY.

Joseph Kubler, enlisted Juue 80, 1801. Wounded at Antietam, Septem-
ber 17, 1863, aud at Ohancellorsville, May 3, 1863. Mustered out July
6, 1864.
Bernard Mulgrew, enlisted June 20, 1801 . Mustered out July 6, 1804^
Thomas C. Riddle, enlisted Juue 20, 1861 . Wounded at Cedar Mountain,
Virginia, August 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Regiment July 6,
1863.
E. M. MoClatnin, enlisted June 20, 1801. Wounded at Gettysburg, July

1, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment.
David Russell, enlisted June 20, 1831 . Mustered out with the Regiment.
Johnson Russell, enlisted June 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Regi-
ment.
George C . Robinson, enlisted June 30, 1861. Taken prisoner at Cross
Lanes, Virginia, August 26, 1861. Released June 0, 1802, but never
rejoined the Company.
George Steinberger, enlisted June 20, 1861. Wounded at Antietam,

Maryland. September 17, 1862. Mustered outwibh.the Regiment.
Frederick Spencer, enlisted June 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg'

iment .
Gustavus Schmidt, enrolled as Sergeant June 20, 1861. Mustemd out

with the regiment.
James E. Wyalt, enlisted June 20, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
George W. Williams, enlisted June 20, 1861; taken prisoner at Cross
Lanes . Virginia, August 26, 1861 ; released January 6, 1862. Mustered
out with the regiment.
Starr B. Wood, enlisted Aprill 38, 1861; deserted December 10, 1861; re-
joined the company September 11, 1863; wounded at Dallas, Georgia,
May 25, 1804. Mustered out with the regiment.
Thomas 0. Brown, enlisted April 22, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Killed

at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1863.
Clark L. Wilsoh, enlisted June ^, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Killed

at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862.
William Adams, enlisted June 20, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Au-
gust 9, 1862.
James Carroll, enlisted Juno 20, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Virginia,

March 23, 1862.
Allen C. Lamb, enlisted June 20, 1861. Killed at Winchester, March 23,

1862.
Elleridge Meacham, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Mary-
land. September 17, 1863.
Edgai' G. Meekins, enlisted March 7, 1832. Killed at Cedar Mountain,

Virginia, August 9, 1862.
George O. Sperry, eiilisted June 20, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Maryland,

September 17, 1862.
Grant Goodrich, enlisted June 20, 1861. Died in hospital at Alexandria,

Virginia, July 39, 1862,
James McCabe, enlisted June 20, 1861 : taken prisoner at Cross Lanes,
Virginia, August 26, 1861 . Paroled and died at Cleveland, Ohio, while
on furlough January — , 1803.
Morris Baxter, sfee Field and StafE.

Asa H, t'ltch, enrolled as Sergeant April 22, 1801; wounded at Winches-
ter, Virginia, March 23, 1862. Discharged December 19, 1873.
Nohemiah G. Eddy, enlisted April 22, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged July 11, 1862.
David I. Ezekial. enrolled aS Corporal June SO, 1861; promoted April 18_

1862, to Sergeant.
William E. Smith, enrolfed as Corporal June 20, 1861; wounded at Win-
chester, Virginia, March 23, 1802, and at Cedar Mountain, Virginia,
August 9, 1802. Discharged at hospital December 9, 1863.
Alonzo Austin, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged July 31, 1862.
Abraham S. Bennett, enlisted September 5, 1802. Discharged October

15. 1802.

Charles Cunningham, enUsted April 22, 1861. Discharged September

16, 1863.

William Oonnell, enUsted June 20, 1831; wounded. at Cedar Mountain,

August 9, 1862. Discliarged October 18, 1803.
Charles L. Chapman, enli ted April 22, 1861. Taken prisoner at Cross

Lanes, Virginia, August 20, 1861. Released January 13, 1863, and

discharged!. . . ,,.

John Coyle, enlisted June 20, 1861; wounded at Cedar Mountam, Vir-
ginia, August 9, 1863. Discharged January 9,^863.

John Davis, enlisted August 26, ISO.' '^■-"'■
ruary 3, 1803.

Eugene W Elliott, enlisted June 20, 1801. Discharged July 16. 1802.

Charles Fagan, enlisted June 20, 1801; wounded at Winchester, Vir-
ginia March 23, 1802. Discharged January 1, 1863.

Leonard Geitz, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged May 23, 1862

Jo^iah M. Holt, enlisted April 23, 1861. Discharged .January 9, 1802.

PUnvE Hill Unlisted June 20, 1801; wounded at Cedar Mountam, Vir-
ginia, August 9, 1862, and at Antietam, ifaryland, September 17,
1862. ' Discharged October 25, 1862. ,r ic«o

John Haylor, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged November 15, 1862.

Benjamin Hashfleld, enlisted June 80, 1861; wounded at Cedar Moun-
tain, Virginia, August 9, 1862. Discharged November 6 1862

John D Jones, enlisted June 30, 1861. Discharged February 1^ 1862

WUnam F. Laid., enlisted April 22, 1801; wounded at Cedar Mountain,
Virginia, August 9, 1802. Discharged January 29, 1863.

Discharged for disability Feb-

Edward L. Marble, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged February 1, 1862.

Roswell E. Mathews, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged for disability
November 28, 1862.

Martin Nicholas, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged January 9, 1862.

Charles Cowan, enlisted April 33, 1861; discharged at hospital, March 4,
1863; re-enlisted September 25, 1863; wounded July 20, 1864; trans-
ferred to Company B., SthRegiment, October31, 1804. Mustered out
July 20, 1865.

COMPANY C.

Llewellyn R. Davis, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861. Promoted to
Second Lieutenant Company D, May 1, 1862; to First Lieutenant
Company E, November 2, 1862; to Captain Company C, March 30,
1864. Taken prisoner at Dallas, Georgia, May 35, 1804. Discharged
December 19, 1804. Re-enlisted as Lieutenant Colonel of the One
Hundred and Eighty Seventh Regiment, March;2,.1865. Mustered out
January 23, 1866.
Charles fe. Wall, enlisted August 25, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia,

November 27, 18S3.
Joseph McCanon, enlisted August 25, 1862. Died ,July 22, 1863, from

wounds received at Gettysburg, July 3.
Levi Myers, enlisted August 30, 1863. Died in hospital at Nashville, De-
cember 30, 1863.
Thomas Sweet, enlisted August 29, 1862. Died November 30, 1863, of

wounds received at Ringgold, November 27.
Nicholas GafEett, enlisted September 10, 1862. Discharged February 18,

1863.
Philip Grigsby, enlisted September 11, 1862. Discharged July 24, 1863,
becauseoE wounds received at Dumfries, Virginia, December 27, 1862.
Edward E. Kelsey, enlisted February 27, 1S03. Discharged March 25, 1864.
True Rand, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1804, to Com-
pany B, Fifth Infantry.
John Phillips, enlisted September 8, 1862; wounded at Ringgold, Georgia,
November 27, 1803. Transferred June 11. 1864, to Company B, Fifth
Infantry.
William O. Barnes, enlisted August 15, 1802; wounded at Ringgold,
Georgia, November 27, 1803. Transfen-ed to Fifth Regiment, Com-
pany B, October 31, 1864. Discharged for disabihty.
Freeman Bunker, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864, and promoted to Corporal. Mus-
tered out June 5, 1865.
Alfred T. Dann, enlisted September 13, 1862. Transferred to Company

B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865.
John Finneran, enhsted September 4, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 36, 1865.
Daniel P. Wood, enlisted August 13, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia,

November 27, 1863.
Benjamin L. Sevey, enlisted August 23, 1802. Discharged for disabihty

February 5, 1803.
R. C. Van Orman, enlisted August 30, 1802. Discharged for disability

February 15, 1864.
James W. Raymond, enlisted August 6, 1863. Promoted to Corporal.
Wouuded at Ringgold, Georgia, November 37, 1863. Transferred
June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry,
fames C. Bartlett, enUsted August 18, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864

to Fifth Infantry.
Franklin M. Forbes, enhsted August 14, 1862. Transferred to Company

B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged.
Silas Gleason, enlisted Augu 1 9, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865.
William Grant, enlisted August 11, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Transferred again to Veteran
Reserve Corps.
Owen Hicks, enlisted August 20, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Promoted to First Sergeant June
0 1805. Mustered out July 26, 1865.
John Lowrey, enUsted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865.
James T. Myers, enlisted August 80, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 38, 1865.
WiUiam Proctor, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company B^
Fifth Regiment. October 31, 1804. Transferred agam to Veteran
Reserve Corps.
Joseph M . Stowe, enlisted August 30, 1802. Transferred to Company B>

Fifth Regiment October 31, 1864. Mustered out May 15, 1865
Mitchell H . Sheldon, enUsted August 85, 186b . Transferred to Company
B, Fifth Regiment October 31, 1864, and promoted to Sergeant.
Mustered out June 5, 1865.

COMPANY D.

George Shively . enlisted August 25, 1868. Discharged for disability Jan-
uary 18, 1863.

John B. Wirts, enlisted August 14, 1862, Discharged for disability Feb-
ruary 19, 1863.

Frederick Bose, enlisted March 20, 1862. Transfen-ed to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged March 20, 1865.

Edwin Green, enhsted August 19, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864,
to Fifth Infrntry.

GENBEAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

William J . Hutchinson, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Com-
pany B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5,
1805.

Westal W. Hunt, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 81, 18B4. Mustered out June 5, 1865,

George Heni-ick, enlisted August 25, 1862. Transferred to Company B.
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 13, 1865.

Slierman R. Norris, enlisted August 8, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865.

Albert W. Nash, enUsted August 20, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 186.5.

Samuel R. Pullman, enlisted August 13, 1862. Transferred to Company
B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1364. Mustered out June 21, 1865.

George Valleau, enlisted October o, 1802. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1801. Discharged for disability.

John A. Franks, enlisjed June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner May 3, 1803 ; re-
.ioined the Company November 5, 186:J. Mustered out July 7, 1864.

Alfred E. Smith, enlisted June 7, 1801. Mustered out with the Company
July 7, 1804.

Perry H. Smith, enhsted June 7 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

Norman L. Norris, enlisted April 23, 1861; promoted to corporal. Died
at Alexandria, Virginia, September 4, 1802, from wounds received at
Cedar Mountain August 9th.

Emory W. Force, enlisted as sergeant June 19, 1861. Discharged for
disability May 10, 1862.

Amos C. Fisher, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged for disabiUty May 10, 1862.

John A. Cutler, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 22, 1868.

Thomas M. Lander, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 27, 1863.

John Rowe, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 17, 1802.

James A. Rubicon, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability Oc-
tober 20, isca.

Stephen A. Smith, enUsted June 7, 1801. Discharged for disability June
16. 1802.

COMPANY E.

Oliver Grinnell, enlisted August 30, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia,

November ~T, 1863.
Daniel Floro, enlisted September 3, 1862. Died at Alexandria, Virginia

January 5, 1863.
Jesse Floro, enlisted September 3, 1862. Transferred to Company B,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865.

COMPANY p.

Albert C. Burgess, transferred from Company A. Promoted to Captain
November 25, 1861 . Resigned July 9, 1802.

Oscar W. Sterle, enrolled as Second Lieutenant of Company K June
17, 1801. Promoted to First Lieutenant February 2, 1802, and trans-
ferred to Company F. Resigned April 18, 1803.

Harlow Camp, enlisted August 21, 1862. Died at Harper's Ferry, Vir
ginia, November 25, 1863.

John Rohr, enhsted June 20, 1861. Discharged for disability October 1,
IHia. Be enlisted October 23, 1802. Accidentally wounded, and dis-
charged July 3, 1863.

John Bergin, enlisted October 10, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864, to
Fifth Infantry .

William Stanford, enlisted March 28. 1864. Transferred to Company G,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861.

Isiiac Stratton, enlisted Ax>ril 20, 1861, in Company A. Transferred to
Company F, June 20, 1861 . Promoted to Sergeant February 28, 1862.
and to First Sergeant September 1, 180;3. Wounded slightly at Chan-
cellorsville, Virginia, May 3, 1803. Lost left eye at Gettysburg, July
3, 1803. Killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 25, 1801.

COMPANY G.

Albert Stedman, enUsted March 27, 1862. Killed at Port Republic Vir-
ginia, June 9, 1802.

Enoch iM. Douthett, enlisted August 8, 1862. Died at Dumfries, Virginia
March 4, 1803.

George H. Clark, enlisted September 13, 1862. Transferred to the Inva-
lid Corps August 15, 1863.

Tunis S. Danforth, enlisted July 29, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 16, 1865.

Ephraim Flickhiger, enhsted August 11, 1862. Transferred to Invalid
C'urp.s, August 11, 1863.

John Garrison, enlisted August 8, 1862. Transferred to Company B,
Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Mustered out June 5, 1865.

COMPANY H.

Christian Nesper, enlisted in Company K, April 22, 1861. Promoted to
Second Lieutenant. July 25, 1802; to Fii-st Lieutenant, November 1,
1863, and to Captain; transtei red to Company H, April 23, 1801_ Mus-
tered out J uly 7, 1864.

Amnion D. Barnum, enUsted August 21, 1802. Died at Harper's Ferry
Virginia, February 12, 1863.

Samuel H. Barnum, enlisted August 20, 1862. Died at Washington, D.

C, May 17, 1663, from wounds received at Chaucellorsville, Virginia,

May 3.
William H. Fox, enlisted August 26, 1862. Discharged November 20,

1863, for disabili y caused by wounds.
Solomon Brobst, enlisted September 6, 1863. Transferred to Company

G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
James C. Brooks, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regira. nt, October 31, 1864.
Ed. A. Crosby, enlisted Augiist 13, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Frank J . Covert, enlisted August 23, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Peter M. Hardman. enlisted August 37, 1862. Transferred to Company

G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
James Loveless, enUsted August 38, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Jonathan Moore, enlisted Atigust 28, 1862. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Otis Martin, enUsted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth

Regiment, October 31, 1864.
George W. Oliver, enlisted August 11, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Abraham Ramalia, enlisted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Company

G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.
James Hunt, enlisted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Company G,

COMPANY I.

Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.

Randall B. Palmer, enlisted December 17, 1861. Discharged for disa-
ability July 22, 1863.

Thomas B. Doran, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to Veteran Re-
serve Corps, March 16, 1864.

George Metcalf , enUsted December 17, 1861. Tiansferred to Company
B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged at end of term,
December 17, 1864.

Theodore W. Pratt, enlisted December 17, 1861. Transferred to Com-
pany G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.

COMPANY K.

John T. Schulte, enroUed as Captain April 23, 1S61. Killed in skirmish

near Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 20, 1861,
E. T. Krieger, enrolled as First Sergeant April 22, 1861 ; promoted to

First Lieutenant April 13, 1862, and to Captain February 9, 1863.
' Mustered out July 6, 1864.
L. F. Mitchelm, enroUed as First Lieutenant June 17, 1861. Resigned

April 13, 1862.
Christian Nesper, enUsted April 32, 1861 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant

July 25, 1862; to First Lieutenant November 1, 1863, and to Captain

Company H April 23, 1864.
Oscar W. Sterle, enrolled as Second Lieutenant June 17, 1801; promoted

to First Lieutenant February 3, 1863, and assigned to Company F.
Charles Ludwig, enlisted June 3, 1861 ; promoted to First Sergeant Feb-
ruary 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Company July 7, 1864.
George Sohl, enUsted April 23, 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered

out with the company.
John Hacfele, enlisted April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered

out with the company.
Conrad Sommers, enrolled as Corporal April 32, 1861. Mustered out

with the company.
John Schott, enlisted April 22, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Mustered

out with the company.
Charles Zimmerman, enUsted August 3, 1863. Transferred to Company

G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Charles Walley, enlisted August 9, 1862. Transferred to Company G, 5th

Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Charles Haehkel, enlisted April 22, 1861. Transferred to Mississippi Ma-
rine Brigade.
Sigo Tyroler, enUsted August 25, 1863. Transferred to Company G, 5th

Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Jacob Schneeberger, enhsted October 7, 1861. Transferred to Company

G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Franz SchaeiUer, enUstedOctober 7, 1861. Transferred to Company G,

5th Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Michael Schmidt, enUsted August 37, 1863. Transferred to Company G,

6th Regiment, October 31, 1864.
Martin Saizer, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company 6, 5th

Regiment, October 31, 1864.
John Schurssler, enUsted June 3, 1861. Transferred June 11, 1864, to -.
Joseph Rowe, enhsted August 31, 1863. Transferred to Company G, 5th

Regiment, October 3], 1864.
Henry Hoffman, enlisted August 35, 1863. Transferred June 11, 1864,
to .

David F. Dorr, enlisted August 36, 1863. Transferred June 11, 1864, to

SEVENTH INFANTKY.

Coney Deitz, enlisted August 30, 1862 . Transferred to Company G, Fifth

Eeglment, October 31, 1864.
Conrad Buchman, enlisted December 28, 1863. Transferred to Company
G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864.

William Weber, enlisted August 27, 1862. Promoted to Corporal. Trans-
ferred June 11, 1864, to .

Andrew Rick, enlisted October 5, 1861 . Promoted to Sergeant. Trans-
ferred June 11, 1864, to

Christian Oettinger, enlisted June 3, 1861. Transferred to Company G,
I ifth Regiment October 31, 1864.

Herman Tetzer, enlisted March 28, 1862. Discharged June 14, 1864, for
disability caused by wounds

John Bauer, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company,
July 7, 1864.

Frederick Bock, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Albert Burgur, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Henry Faubel. enlisted April 22, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment.

Engelbert Fenz, enlisted Juno 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment.

Tobias Flabbig, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Christian Hahn, enlisted June 3 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

George Hoffman, enlisted April22, 1861. Left sick at Washington D . C,
September — , 1862.

Solomon Rentz, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company .

John L. Rinnei-, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company.

George Buckler, enlisted April 22, 1861 . Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Ferdinand Schlegel, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the
Company.

Fred. H. Schmidt, enlisted April 22, 1862. Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Henry Schmidt, enlisted June3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

John Schwenck, enlisted April 22, 1861 , Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Frank Miller, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

George Raquette, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Frederick Selbach, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

George Wandel, enlisted April 22, 1871. Mustered out with the Com-
pany.

Jacob Wenner, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company.

George Zipp, enlisted April 22, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company,

H enry Schlattmeyer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability.

John Smith, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability July
30, 1862.

John Stegmeyer, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged for disability No-
vember 27, 1862.

Fred. W. Steinbauer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged because of
wounds February 2, 1862.

John T. Voelker, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability Febru-
ary 18, 1863.

George Weissenbach, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged July 24, 1862.

Julius Wolf, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 30, 1862.

Anthonisius Zittsmann, enUsted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 30, 1862.

John Volker, enUsted October 7,1861. Discharged for disability July
7. 1862.

William Lanterwassar, enrolled as Sergeant April 22, 1861 ; promoted to
1st Sergeant. Died at Washington, July 3, 1862, from wounds re-
ceived at Fort Ktr-public, June 9.

Henry Ackerman, enlisted June 3, 1861, Killed at ChaneellorsviUe,
May 30, 1862.

Frank Dietrich, enlisted April 22, 1861. KUled at Winchester, March
23, 1862.

John Doll, enlisted June 3, 1861. Died September 10. 1861, from wounds
received at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 26th, 1861.

Henry Frank, enlisted June 3, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, August
9, 1862.

Frank Karbacher, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Vir-
ginia, March 23, 1862.

Frank Lorenz, enlisted October 8, 1861. KUled at Winchester, Virginia,
March 23, 1862.

John Geissler, enUsted April 22, 1861. Died August 28, 1861, from wounds
received at Cross Lanes, Virguiia, August 26, 1861.

Vincent Header, enlisted April 22. 1861. KUled at Cedar Mountain,
August 9, 1862.

^ohn Muntz, enlisted October 8, 1861. Died at Cumberiand, Maryland,
February 24, 1862.

Jacob NoUc, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died April 2, 1862, from wounds re-
ceived at Winchester, March 23.

William Pfahl, enlisted AprU 22, 1861. KiUed at Ringgold, Georgia, No-
vember 37, 1863.

Victor Perlev, enlisted August 25, 1862. KiUed at ChancellorsvUle, Vir-
ginia, May 2, 1863.

William Russell, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died at Frederick, Maryland
June 1, 1862, from wounds received at Winchester, Virginia, March 23,

Joim Reber, enlisted October 7, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, June 9,
1862.

John Schnibs, enlisted AprU 22, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, June 9,
1862.

John Stern, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, August 9,
1862.

Joseph Seibel, enlisted AprU 22, 1861, KUled at Winchester, Virginia,
March 23, 1862.

Franz Weber, enlisted AprU 22, 1861. Died at GaUipolis, Ohio, Septem-
ber 2, 1862.

John Wiegand, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died while a, pris.ner, Septem-
ber 13, 1862.

John Weiland, enlisted October 17, 1661 KUled at Cedar Mountain,
August 9, 1862.

Frederick Schinkel, enrolled at Sergeant, April 22, 1861. Missing since
battle of Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1802.

John Lenllcy, enlisted October 5, 1861. Missing since battle of Port Re-
public, June 9, 1862.

WUliam Voges, enroUed as Sergeant, April 22, 1861. KiUed at Port Re-
public, ,lune9, 1862.

Adolphus Rohlmann, enrolled as Sergeant, April 22, 1861, Died at New
Orleans, while prisoner, November 13, 1862.

Elmore Hinkston. enrolled as Sergeant, June 3, 1861. Promoted to First
Sergeant. Died at Chattanooga, Tennessee, January 21, from
wounds received in action.

James Grebe, enrolled as Corporal jVpril 22, 1861. Promoted to Ser-
geant. Died at ."Slrxandria, Virginia, August 27, 1862, from wounds
received at Cedar Mouutain, August 9.

Charles Rich, enlisted June 8, 1861. Discharged July 26, 1862.

WilUam Ritchie, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged February 8, 1802, for
disability caused by wounds.

Henry Roshotte, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 : promoted to Ser-
geant. Discharged for disability July 19, 1862.

WUliam Butzman, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant. Discharged for disability February 18, 1863.

Henry Strachle, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861; promoted to Ser-
geant. Discharged for disability November 26, 1862.

Herman Sohaub, enlisted June 3, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Discharged
for disabiUty AprU 3, 1803.

Jacob Kurtz, enlisted June 8, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Discharged
because of wounds April 10, 1863.

Wi liam Lehr, enUsted April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Discharged
on account of wounds July 3, 1862

George Denzel, enlisted April 22, 1801 ; promoted to Corporal. Discharged
on account of wounds July 21, 1802.

Christian Reisse, enrolled as Corporal June 3, 1861. Discharged on ac-
count of wounds July 21, 1863.

John Hummell, enlisted AprU 22, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged on account of wounds October 27, 1862.

Peter Kind, enrolled as musician AprU 22, 18B1. Discharged for disa-
bility October 2, 1861.

PhUlip Anthony, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on account of
wounds Sepi ember 1, 1862

Constantine Armbrunster, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disabil-
ity February 19, 1803.

Simon BeU, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged July 28, 1862.

Charles Breitenbach, enlisted April 32, 1861. Discharged on account of
wounds December 11, 1862.

Fred. Brinckelmeyer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 21, 1862.

John Colbrun, enhsted AprU 23, 1861. Discharged July 19, 1862.

Louis Dehmel, enUsted June 3, 18()1. Discharged.

Edwin Dunton, enlisted June 3. 1861. ■ Discharged.

Emil Glanser, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged.

Charles Graiter, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on acccount of
wounds December 19, 1862.

Gottlieb Grucnowald, enlisted June 8, 1861. Discharged July 26, 1862.

Jacob H. Hege, enlisted AprU 23, 1861. Discharged July 21, 1802.

Fred Gassand, enlisted June 3, 1801, Discharged July 24, lb02.

Henry Lehr, enlisted June 3, 1861, Discharged June 37, 1802,

Andrew Malichus, enlisted April 32, 1861 Discharged because of
wounds, October 14, 1801.

Matthias Merkel, enlisted June 3, 1861. [discharged February 28, 1863.

Fred. Mitchell, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on account of wounds
November 21, 1862.

Theodore Miller, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged.

GottUeb Popp, enlisted J une 3, 1861. Discharged for disability October
2, 1861.

GENEEAL HISTOKY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER XVIII.

EIGHTH, FOUHTEENTH AND SEVENTE3BNTH
INFANTKY.

Company B, of the Eighth — Organized for Three Months — Re-organ-
ized for Three Years — In West Virginia — Loss from Sickness —
Romney and Hangmg Rock — Blooming Gap, Cedar Creek and Stras-
burg — Battle of Wincliester- Numerous Skirmishes— South Moun-
tain and Antietam — F. edericksburg — Chancellors villa — Gettysburg
— Heavy Loss — Skirmishes at Bristow Station, Mine Run, etc., in
1S«4 — The Battle of Martin's Ford — The Battle of the Wilderness —
Cold Harbor and Petersbuig — Mustered Ont — Members from Cuya-
hoga County -Fourteunth Infantry — Mention of its Services — Its
Members from this County — Seventeenth Infantry — Mention of its
Services — Members from this County — The Colonel of the Twentieth.

EIGHTH INFANTRY.

The connection of the Eighth with Cuyahoga is
confined to Company B, having eighty men, and one or
two of Company D. These were enlisted originally
for the three-months service, in response to the Presi-
dent's first call for troops in April, 18C1. In June
following all of the companies, except Company I,
were re-enlisted for three years. On July 9, 1861," the
regiment left Camp Dennison, and arrived on the
12th at West Union, Va. For several weeks it was
stationed among the mountains, and along the Balti-
more and Ohio railroad, where the men suffered
severely from fever. At "Maggotty Hollow" over
three hundred were in the hospital, and thirty-five
deaths resulted in a short time.

On September 24th, the Eighth engaged in the
battle of Komney. At Hanging Rock it was under
fire, and lost several in killed and wounded. On
October 24th, for a second time at Romney, and soon
afterwards at Blue's Gap. On February 14, 1862
it was engaged at Bloomey Gap; on March 18th
at Cedar Creek, and on the 19th at Strasburg as
skirmishers. The regi ment was deployed as skirmish-
ers before and after the battle of Winchester. The
killed and wounded during this battle was more than
one-fourth of its number.

During March and April the regiment skirmished
at Woodstock, Mount Jackson, Edinburg and New
Market. In May, from Eectortown it skirmished
a distance of eighteen miles. At Chickahominy
Swamps it was again engaged; losing seven wounded.
At South Mountain the Eighth formed part of the
reserve corps, not actively engaged, but skirmished at
Boonsboro' and Reedyville.

At Antietam, while ^engaged, the Eighth and the
Fourteenth Indiana were obliged to change front
which was done with great steadiness, saving the
brigade from rout.

The regiment moved with its corps to Bolivar
Heights, and on October 1st, to Leesburg. From
there to Falmouth, skirmishing at Hulltown, Snicker
Gap and United States Ford. At Fredericksburg the
Eighth was in the right wing. In passing up Han-
over street, it lost twenty-eight, and at the close of the
battle the loss was thirty-four killed and wounded. The
regiment was under constant fire for nearly four days
at Chancellorsville, losing only two killed and eleven
wounded. At Gettysburg, July 2d, the regiment

captured and held a well defended knoll; three times
repulsed the attacks of superior numbers, and cap-
tured three stands of colors. Its loss was one
hundred and two killed and wounded. The regiment
engaged in several skirmishes prior to August 15,
1803, when it was sent to New York to quell the
riots. Returning to the field, it was engaged at Au-
burn and Bristow, October 14th, having two wounded.
On November 27th, 28th and 29th, the regiment acted
as skirmishers _ at Robinson's Cross Roads, Locust
Grove and Mine Run, losing several men. At the
battle of Morton's Ford, February 6, 1864, several
officers and men were wounded.

At the Wilderness the Eighth was engaged on May
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 12th, losing in all over
sixty killed and wounded. It also engaged in numer-
ous skirmishes from Spotsylvania to Petersburg; took
and held a fort at North Anna, and fought at Cold
Harbor and Petersburg.

At the expiration of its term the Eighth was in the
trenches before Petersburg with only seventy-two
officers and men.

On July 13, 1864, the regiment was formally
mustered out of service.

MEMiSEKS PROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY B.

William Kinney, enr. as Captain April 18, 1861. Mustered out with the

regiment July 13, 1864.
James K. O'Reilly, enr. as First Serg-ant April 18, 1861; promoted to
First Lieutenant September 23, 1862, and to Captain March 3, 18M.
Mustered out with the regiment July 13, 1864.
William Delaney, enl. as First Lieutenant April 18, 1861; wounded at

Antiefam September 17, 1862. Died September 33d, 1862.
Thomas F. Galway, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861; promoted to Second
Lieutenant September 7, 1863, and to First Lieutenant January 30,
1863. Mustered out with the regiment.
John Lautry, enl. as Second Lieutenant April 18, 1861. Killed at Antie-
tam September 18, 1863.
John Hennessey, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861, Mustered out with the

regiment.
John G. Fairchild, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861; promoted to First

Sergeant. Wounded July 3, 1864.
Charles McCartney, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. Mustered out with

the regiment.
John Tracey, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Dis-
charged for disability December 20, 1863.
Chauncey Lathrop, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1863. Discharged for dis-
ability November 36, 1863.
Edward J. Newell, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant;

wounded May 18, 1864. Mustered out with the regiment.
James Kelly, enr. as Corporal April 18, 186 r; promoted to Sergeant.

Died of wounds, July 7, 1803, received at Gettysburg.
Richard O'Rourke, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. In hospital at Wash-
ington May 12, 1864.
Patrick O'Leary, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant.

Mustered out with the regiment July 13, 1864.
John Reedy, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. Discharged September 23'

WiUiam H. Alderman, enl. June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Jan.
uary 6, 1803.

Joseph Burton, enl. June 17, 1861. Discharged' for disability November

33, 1802.
John Burk, enl. June 18, 1861. Wounded July 3, 1863.
William Brown, enl. June 13, 1861. Killed at Gettysburg, July *

3, 1863.
Henry Black, enl. June 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.
James Brown, enl. June 14, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.
Lewis Buhran, enl. June 8, 1861. Discharged for disability November

30, 1863.
Samuel Brown, enl. June 33,1861; promoted to Corporal same day.

Mustered out with the Regiment.
William Cones, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1863.
John E. Chichester, enl. May 25, 1861. Died December 28, 1863, of

wounds received at Fredericksburg, Virginia.

EIGHTH, FOtTHTSMTH AND SEVENTEENTH INEANTRY.

Patrick Cashen, enl. June 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Eegiraent.
Stephen J. Carr, enl. June 8, 1861, Killed December 29, 1861, at Wire

Bridge, Virginia.
Frederick Connelly, enl. June 13, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment.
William Campion, enl. June 15, 1861. Killed September 17, 1862, at

battle of Antietam, Maryland.
James Conlan, enl. June 9, 1861; promoted to Sergeant; wounded at

Wilderness, May 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.
James Denief , enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
John Durophey, enl. Jnne 10, 1861. Transferred to Invalid Corps |
July 15, 1863. |

Joseph Evans, enl. June 15, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Mustered out

with the Regiment.
Jacob Frailer, enl. June 13, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
Charles Gallagher, enl. June 11, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
Edward Gibbons, enl. June 14, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
Edward Gorman, enl. Juno 22, 1861. Transferred to Invalid Corps, May

11, 1864.
Edward Greer, enl. April 18, 1861.

John Hogan, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
James Hardway, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged for disability, May 11,

1863.
Henry Hall, enl. June 17, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
James Higgins, enl. June 9, 186$. Died October 24, 1861, at New Creek,

Virginia.
Simon Hogan, enl. June 9, 1861. Discharged for disability, August 26,

1863.
William Joyce, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged tor disability January 5,

1863.
Francis Kelly, enl. June 11, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1863.
Eugene Lahore, enl. April 18, 1861.

Joseph Lloyd, enl. April 18, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
James Laeper, enl. June 13, 1861. Discharged for disability October 26,

1861.
f homas Largee, enl. June 15, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment

July 13, 1864.
Peter Mainans, enl. April 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal; mustered

out with the Regiment.
Joseph Moonshine, enl. April 18, 1861 . Discharged for disability March

21, 1863.
Henry H. McKeever, enl. April l'^, 1861- Discharged tor disability Feb-
ruary 17, 1863.
Bernard Milvey, enl. June 11, 1861. Disi barged for disability April 18,

1864.
John Malone, enl. June 11, 1861. Promoted to Corporal; wounded May

15, 1864. Left in Hospital in Rhode Island .
John D. McNamara, enl. June 9, 1861. Discharged for disability De-
cember 17, 1862.
Alexander McLain, enl. June 21, 1861. Discharged for disability Au-
gust 13, 1862.
Allen McDougall, enl. June 14, 1861. Discharged for disability Novem-
ber 13, 1862.
Thomas Munson, enl . June 1 , 1861 . Discharged for disability August 13,

1862.
William McDonald, enl. June 18, 1861. Discharged for disability De-
cember 20, 1861 .
Bernard McGuire, enl, June 32, 1861. Died, July 10, 186.3, of wounds

received at Gettysburg .
Keyton Niggle, enl. June to, 1861. Discharged Eordisability July 6, 1801.
William O'Hallem, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged fur disability May

3, 1862.
Thomas O'Kelly, enl. April 18, 1861. Dis barged for disability May 2,

James O'Neil, enl, June 9, 1861, Transferred to Invalid Corps August

Gardiner Oaks, eni, June 14 1861 , Dischai-ged October 23, 1862,

John Quinn, enl. June 14, 1801. Killed at Spottsylvama, May 24, 1864.

James C. Rogers, enl. April 18, 1801, Discharged for disability Aprd

ThomassTuires, enl. Jnne 10, 1801. Discharged October 25, 1862.
John Sheridan, enl. June 17, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862.
John Shepherd, enl. June 17, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Maryland

September 17, 1862. j j t , <■ iqcq

George T. Upright, enl. April 18, 1861. Wounded July 3, 1803,
George R. Wilson, enl. June 14, 1861. Killed at Gettysburg,

3 1863
Alfred Wood, enl. June 14, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment
Charles F. Wamekey, enl. April 18,

at Cumberland, Maryland.
David Wilson, enl. June 1. 1861
John Garvey, enl. June 5,

7th Virginia Volunteers,

17, 1862. rinfoher 31 186^1; transferred to 4th Ohio Battal-

'°'LTo:p-y B°tre';4'U. Discharged at end of term, Novem-
her 28, 1804.

July

1801.

Discharged for disability

Mustered out with the Regiment.

1861 ; transferred to and commissioned in

Killed at /Vntietam, Maryland, September

COMPANY D.

Joseph Dewalt, enl. June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment
July 13, 1864.

FOURTEENTH INFAKTUT.

The members of this regiment from Cuyahoga
county, nine in number, were enlisted in 1864 in
Cos. A, I and K. As members of the Fourteenth
they engaged with tlie regiment in the battle at
Jonesboro, pursued Hood's troops on their advance
into Tennessee, joined Sherman's forces at Atlanta,
and participated in the " March to the Sea," and
tlirough the Carolinas to Goldsboro' and Raleigh.

The regiment was mustered out at Louisville in
July, 18G5.

MEMBEIIS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY A.

Thomas Hines, enl, September 2", 1804. Discharged with the regiment

July 11, 1865.
Henry Lesson, enl. September 26, 1801, Discharged .Tune 3, 1865,
Francis L, Jones, enl, September 26, 1864, Discharged June .3, 1865.

COMPANY I.

David Loper, enl. December 15, 1863. Promoted to Corporal May 1,
1804, and to Sergeant November 20, 1864. Mustered out with the
regiment July 11, 1865.

George Burton, enl. January 25, 1804. Mustered out with the regiment.

Robert J. Barnes, enl. September 23, 1804. Discharged June 3, 1805.
Edward Condon, enl. September 27, 1864, Discharged June 3, 1805.

COMPANY K.

Isaac Parker, enr. as Corporal December 15, 1803. Discharged June 10,

1805.
Joseph StuU, enl. Septemter 23, 1864, Discharged June 3, 1865.

SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY.

The members from Cuyahoga county in the Seven-
teenth were ten in number, nine of whom were en-
listed in Co. E in 1864, and saw but very little service
that could be called severe. They followed Sherman
through the Carolinas, passed in review before the
President at Washington, and were mustered out at
Louisville in July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Henry J Herrick, enrolled as Assistant Surgeon February 14, 1862.
Promoted to Surgeon December 12, 1802. Resigned September 20,
1864.

COMPANY E.

Julian Berbinger, enlisted September 26, 1864. Died at Savannah, Geor

gia, March 2, 1805.
Walter H. Teeple, enl. September 27, 1864. Died at Goldsboro, North

Carolina, March 24, 1862.
James McBride, enl. September 22, 1864. Discharged June 7, 1865.
Wilham Neville, enl September 23, 1804. Discharged June 7, 1805.
Henry Stark, enl. September 86, 1864, Discharged June 7, 1865.
Archibald Scott, enl, September 28, 1864, Discharged June 7, 1865.
WiUiam Simps, enl , September "24, 1864 , Discharged June 7, 1865 ,
James Wilson, enl. September 26, 1864, Discharged June 7, 1865,
John Wetzel, enl, September 23, 1804, Discharged June 7, 1865.

TWENTIETH INFANTRY.

Charles Whittlesey, appointed Assistant Quarter Master General of
Ohio, April 15, 1801; Chief MiUtary Engineer of State of Ohio, July
4, 1801; ColonelTwentieth Infantry August 19, 1801; Chief Engineer
Military Department of Ohio September 23, 1801. Resigned April
19, 1802.

GENERAL HISTORY OF CtJYAHOGA COtJNTY.

CHAPTER XIX.

THE TWENTY-THIHD INFANTRY,

Ct^lebrated Officers — Number from Cuyahoga — The Regiment serves
in West Virginia^ Carnifex Ferry — Services in Autumn and Winter
of 1861 — A Winter March— A Sharp Fight— A Forced March —Bat-
tle of South Mountain — Hiyes wounded— A Brilliant Bayonet
Charge — Antietam - Corporal BuITs Pistol — Back in West Virginia —
The Victory of Cloyd Mountain - New River Bridge — Hunter's Expe-
dition to Lynchburg — Retreat — Extraordinary Hardsliips — In the
Shenandoah Valley — The Battle of Winchester — Fighting all Sum-
mer — The Battle of Opequan — Crossing a SI iugh — A Complete Vic-
tory — North Mountain — Cedar Creek — Sheridan in the Field — An-
other Victory — Colonel Hayes made a Brigadier — Subsequent Ser-
vices of the Regiment- Mustered Out.

This regiment has become celebrated by the number
of distinguished men who have graduated from its
ranks. When it was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio,
in the month of June, 18G1, its colonel was William
S. Rosecrans, afterwards major general and com-
mander of the army operating in middle Tennessee;
its lieutenant-colonel was Stanley Matthews, late
United States senator, and its major was Rutherford
B. Hayes, now President of the United States. Col.
Rosecrans was appointed a brigadier general within a
few days afterwards, and was succeeded by E. Parker
Scammon, who also, at a later day, became a brig-
adier. Among the subsequent colonels was James M.
Comly, now minister to the Sandwich Islands.

There were in all two hundred and forty-six mem-
bers of the regiment from Cuyahoga county, includ-
ing the whole of Company A, the greater part of
Company D, and a few men each in Companies E, F,
G and I.

On tiie 25th of July, 1861, the regiment proceeded
to Clarksburg, West Virginia, and was occupied
throughout the summer in that State, operating
against guerrillas, guarding important points, etc.
In the forepart of September the Twenty-Third, as
a part of Gen. Rosecrans' army, marched to Carnifex
Ferry, where, on the evening of the tenth of that
month, it was busily engagaged in skirmishing with
the enemy. The latter abandoned his position during
the night, and was pursued by the Twenty-Third and
other regiments to Big Sewell Mountain. The regi-
ment soon fell back to Camp Ewing on Xew river,
where they remained several months, suffering severely
from sickness.

During the autumn the Twenty-Third was thor-
ouglily drilled by its officers, and soon attained great
proficiency. In January and February, 1862, Com-
panies A, B, F, and G, were stationed at Raleigh
Court-House, under Major Comly, and on the tenth
of the latter month that officer marched with his men
twenty-eight miles through a snow storm to the month
of Blue Stone river, driving .a regiment of rebel in-
fantry across that stream, and capturing their tents,
forage, etc. The gallantry and fortitude displayed in
this exploit were highly complimented by Gen. Rose-
crans in general orders.

The regiment remained in winter quarters until the
32d of April, when it moved in the advance of the
brigade toward Princeton, under the command of

Lieutenant Colonel Hayes. On the 8th of May nine
companies of the Twenty-Third were attacked by
four rebel regiments under General Heth, and after a
gallant resistance, were forced to retreat. Soon after,
the command proceeded to Flat Top mountain, where
it remained until the middle of July.

After the month spent at Green Meadow, the
regiment made a forced march of a hundred and four
miles in a little over three days (claimed to be the
fastest on record by a force of that size) to the Great
Kanawha, whence it went by boat and car to Wash-
ington, D. C. Thence it proceeded under Gen. Mc-
Clellan to meet Lee, and on the 14th of September,
1862, engaged in the battle of South Mountain.

This was the first severe battle in wliich the regiment
took part, and it proved to be one of the hardest in
which it ever was engaged. Though only a compara-
tively small portion of the army was in this battle,
yet that portion was called on to display its utmost
courage. The enemy was posted behind stone-walls^
and poured in musketry, grape and canister on our
advancing columns at short range, and with terrible
effect. About nine o'clock the Twenty-Third, three
hundred and fifty strong, commanded by Lieutenant
Colonel Hayes, advanced with the utmost gallantry.
In a short time that officer was badly wounded,
Lieut. Henry G. Hood, of Cuyahoga county, met with
a similar misfortune, and a hundred officers and men
(nearly thirty per cent, of the whole number) were
killed and wounded.

Major Comly then took command, and engaged
successfully with a rebel force on the left. Col.
Hayes soon came back with his wound half dressed,
and insisted on fighting, against the remonstrance of
his officers, until, weak from from loss of blood, he
was carried from the field. The whole brigade now
made a gallant charge across an open field against the
enemy ensconced behind a stone-wall- Our inform-
ant, Lieut. Benjamin Killam, who was wounded in
the battle, declares that the only men he saw killed
with the bayonet in the numerous conflicts in which
he took part, were slain in this charge. With cheers
of defiance the Union men rushed foi'ward at the top
of their speed across the open space. The rebels re-
mained behind the wall until their enemies were
springing over it. They then attempted to escape,
but many of them were slain with the bayonet before
they could do so.

Two other bayonet charges were made by the brig-
ade during the day, but the rebels broke before they
could be reached. The regiment, in company with
its division, continued the contest until near night-
fall, the enemy being driven back at all points.
Nearly two hundred men of the Twenty-Third, more
than half the whole number engaged, had been killed
or wounded. Among the former was Capt. Abraham
G. Hunter, of Cuyahoga county; among the latter
from that county were Joshua L. Barnes, John Dunn
and Thaddeus G. Ross. The severity of the conflict
was also emphasized by the condition of the colors,

TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY.

which were riddled with bullets, the "field" being
almost entirely carried away.

At Antietam the regiment was less severely en-
gaged, but even there it suffered seriously from a flank
attack by the enemy in which the colors were shot
down, although they were immediately replanted by
Major Comly in a new line, where the regiment
quickly established itself and succeeded in repulsing
its assailants.

Among the mortally wounded at Antietam was
Corporal Sheridan B. Bull, of Solon, in this county.
He fell just as the regiment was compelled to give
way before the sudden attack of the enemy. He car-
ried a pistol marked with his name, "S. E. Bull."
Seeing the enemy advancing, he hastily dug a hole
and concealed the weapon. . One of his comrades.
Private Henry, noticed the act, and made a hasty ob-
servation of the surrounding objects. Both men were
captured. Bull died while a prisoner; Henj-y re-
covered and was exchanged. Sixteen and a half
years after the battle, in the month of April last, Mr.
Henry, then principal of the public schools at Coshoc-
ton, Ohio, revisited the field of strife, discovered the
locality in question, and after a little digging had the
good fortune to find the pistol of his old comrade,
badly rusted but still intact, and still bearing the name
"S. B. Bull," cut by the fingers of the young patriot
when he went forth to battle for his country. The
weapon was sent to Corporal Bull's father, L. S. Bull,
Esq., now postmaster at Solon, mentioned in the his-
tory of that township as a son of the earliest settler.

In October the Twenty-Third returned to West
Virginia, where Col. Scammon was appointed a brig-
adier-general. Lieut. -Col. Hayes was commissioned
as colonel. Major Comly as lieutenant-colonel, and
Capt. J. P. Mcllrath, of Cuyahoga county, (Captain
of Company A) as major.

The regiment was on garrison and scouting duty in
West Virginia, without being called on for very seri-
ous work, from this time until the last of April, 1864,
when it marched with the forces under General Crook
in a raid on the Virginia and Tennessee railroad.
The men made a very severe march through moun-
tains, forests and snows, and on the 9th of May found
the enemy intrenched on the first crest of Cloyd
Mountain.

Passing through a belt of woods, the line came to
an open meadow, beyond which was a wooded hill,
with rough breastworks near the top defended by in-
fantry and artillery. Led by its officers, the regiment
charged swiftly across the meadow under a heavy fire,
and then, after a brief pause, dashed up the hill and
drove the rebels from their intrenchments at the point
of the bayonet. Our informant, previously mentioned,
describes it as "a sharp, little fight while it lasted."
Two attempts were made by the rebels to rally higher
up the mountain, but in both cases they were easily

routed.

Capt. A. A. Hunter, of Cuyahoga county, (com-
mander of Company K) was killed in the action, and

forty or fifty officers and men were killed and wounded.

At New River Bridge, on the same expedition, (May
10, 1864,) there was a sharp and successful skirmish,
after which the bridge and several miles of the Vir-
ginia and Tennessee railroad were destroyed.

After another month of hard marching and occa-
sional skirmishing over the mountains of West Vir-
ginia, the command joined General Hunter's foi'ces at
Staunton, in the Shenandoah valley, on the 8th of
June. The whole command then proceeded up the
valley and across toward Lynchburg. They defeated
the enemy in a sharp fight two miles from that city,
but as no attack was made that night, heavy re-en-
forcements were brought up from Richmond, and its
capture became impracticable.

The army then retreated to West Virginia. The
whole expedition was one of extraordinary severity, on
account of the hard marching through the moun-
tains accompanied by a great lack of food. During
nine days of continuous marching and fighting the
men had less than quarter rations, and when they at
length met a supply-train they are described by an
officer present as camping and "eating all night."

In the following month Crook's command, includ-
ing the Twenty-Third, was ordered to the Shenandoah
valley to meet Early. On the 34th of that month the
regiment took part in one of the numerous battles of
Winchester. This was one in which the United
States forces were defeated; the Twenty-Third having
ten officers and a hundred and forty-three officers and
men killed and wounded.

It were idle to attempt to recount the unnumbered
marches, countermarches and minor conflicts which
occurred during the remainder of the summer. They
may be summed up in the words of the gentleman
before quoted, "we were fighting all the time,"
said he; "We fought more that summer than we did
during all the rest of our service." During the sum-
mer the Twenty-Third was consolidated with the
Twelfth the new regiment comprising seven com-
panies of the former and three of the latter, and
retaining the name of the Twenty-Third.

At the battle of Opequan, on the 19th of Septem-
ber, Hayes' bi-igade, including the Twenty-Third,
was in advance on the extreme right of the infantry.
After driving back the enemy's cavalry and coming
under fire from his infantry, the brigade reached a
slough, some fifty yards wide, in which the water was
nearly waist deep, while beneath it was a bed of soft
mud, of varying depth and treacherous consistency.

The whole line halted at this formidable obstacle,
but Colonel Hayes, the brigade commander, plunged
in, and, although his horse several times fell in the
mud, urged him on and reached the farther shore, the
first one across. The brigade followed, many men
being drowned in the treacherous morass, but most
of them reached the farther shore, formed their lines,
dashed upon the enemy and drove them back. This
was repeated several times; the cavali-y charging
every time, and capturing a large number of prison-

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUXTY.

ers. The division commander was wounded and car-
ried from the field; leaving Colonel Hayes in com-
mand, who led the division during the remainder of
the battle with the most reckless gallantry — half of
the time being in advance of the line of infantry.

The result of the whole battle was a complete vic-
tory for the Union arms, eight battle flags and several
thousand prisoners being captured, of which the
Twenty-Third took two hundred.

At the battle of North Mountain, Hayes' brigade
charged with such fury that the rebels made almost
no resistance and were driven in utter rout from their
intrenchments, while the Unionists suffered very
little loss.

On the 19th of October th« Twenty-Third took
part in the battle of Cedar Creek; the conflict which
has become celebrated throughout the country by the
meteor-like appearance of Sheridan on his coal-black
steed to retrieve the fortunes of the day. The enemy
having stolen across an unguarded ford. Crook's com-
mand and the Nineteenth corps were driven back
with heavy loss. At length, however, they established
themselves on a new line, and were awaiting develop-
ments when Sheridan dashed up from Winchester.
A roar of cheers greeted him, and, after making the
necessary arrangements, he ordered the advance of
the line. Another great victory was the result; the
infantry driving back the enemy again and again,
and the cavalry, as before, charging each time and
capturing prisoners by the thousand.

Colonel Hayes was promoted to brigadier general
and Lieutenant-Colonel Comly to colonel for their
part in the battle of Cedar Creek; their commissions
both dating from that day.

The regiment remained in the valley and in West
Virginia during the remainder of the war, but was
not called on to take part in any important conflicts.
It was mustered out on the 25th of July, 1865, and
then proceeded to Camp Taylor, Cleveland, where
the men were paid off and discharged.

MEMBEKS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Russell Hastings, enr, as Second Lieutenant Company I, May 23, 1861;

promoted to First Lieutenant March 23, 1862; to Captain Company

K August 8. 1863 ; and to Lieutenant Colonel March 8, 1865. Mustered

out with the regiment.
James P. Mcllrath, enr. as Captain May 18, 1861; promoted to Major

November 3, 1862. Mustered out at end o£ term, June 11, 1864.
Harry Thompson, enr. as First Sergeant May 18, 1861; promoted to

Second Lieutenant July 24. 1861 ; to First Lieutenant September 24,

1862; to Captain June 14, 1864; and to Major March 8, 1865. Mustered

out with regiment.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Jehial L. Chamberlain, enr. as Corporal Company A May 18, 1861; pro-
moted to Sergeant November 30, 1863, and transferred to Non-Com-
missioned Staff, with rank of Commissary Sergeant January 12, 1865.
Mustered out with the regiment July 26, 1865.

Edward V. Spring, enr. May 18, 1861; transferred to Non-Commissioned
Staff as Chief Musician July 1, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865.

James Thompson, enl. May 18, 1861; transferred to Non-Commissioned
Staff as Commissary Sergeant July 1, 1864; promoted to Quarter-
Master Sergeant January 12, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865.

COMPANY A

Eugene Clarli, transferred from Company I, and made Captain Company
A May 1, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865.

-t-

Wallace J. Woodward, tnr. as First Lieutenant May 18, 1861. Promoted

to Captain Company G July 24, 1861.
Benjamin Killam, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant

November 30, 1863; to Second Lieutenant January 14, 1804; and to

First Lieutenant July 1 1864. Mustered out with the regiment.
John F. Wall, enr. as Second Lieutenant May 18, 1861; promoted to First

Lieutenant July 24, 1861. Resigned September 19, 1861.
George W. Hicks, enr, as Sergeant May 18, 1661; promoted to Second

Lieutenant February 8, 1862, and to First Lieutenant November 20,

1862. Resigned June 11, 1864.

William P. Chamberlain, enr. as Corporal May IS, 1861; promoted to
Sergeant; to Second Lieutenant November 3, lf62; and to First Lieu-
tenant August 8, 1863. Mustered out at end of term, June 11, 1864.

Frederick Thompson, enr, as Corporal May 18, 1861; promoted to Ser"
geant November 30, 1863; to Second Lieutenant October 11, 1864; and
to First Lieutenant April 20, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment,

Orville W. Richards, enr, as i orporal May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Ser-
geant; to Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863, Mustered out with the
regiment.

Charles H, Moore, enr. as Sergeant May 18, 1861; promoted to Second
Lieutenant July 14, 1864. Resigned September 23, 1864.

Charles A, Willard, enr. May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant November
30, 1863 ; and to Second Lieutenant April .30, 1865. Mustered out with
the regiment.

Charles H. Morgan, enr. May 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant; and to
Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863 Transferred to Company D May
1, 1865,

Leander H, Lane. enr. as Corporal Company D May 20, 1861 ; promoted
to Sergeant November 27, 1863; to Second Lieutenant of CompanyA
July 34, 1864; to First Lieutenant Company G July 21, 1864.

Hugh McCanna, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to First Sergeant May 1>
1865. Mustered out with the regiment, July 26, 1865.

Cassius L. Mather, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal October 1,
1803; and to Sergeant April 20, 1665. Mustered out July 36, 1865.

James Hays, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Coiporal November 30,
1863; and to Sergeant May 1, 1865, Mustered out with the regiment.

Nathan I, Kelley, enl. May 18, 1661 ; promoted to Corporal November 30,
1863; and to Sergeant May 1, 1865. Mustered out ivith the regiment,

John K. Wise, enl. May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal October 1, 1863,
Mustered out with the regiment,

Eli H, Botsford, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal October 1, 1863,
Mustered out with the i egiment,

Charles Biseut, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal November 30,

1863. Mustered out with the regiment,

Charles Hartman, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal January 24,
1865. Mustered out B-ith the regiment.

John Black, enl. as private May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal May 1
1863. Mustered out with the regiment.

David T. Howe, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Coi-poral May 1, 186B,
Mustered out with the regiment,

Thomas Bowra, enl. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with the regiment,

Joiiu Biseut, enl. February 5, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment.

Hugh Cameron, enl. Dectmber 31, 1S63. Mustered out with regiment.

John H. Clute, enl. Januarj' 5, 1864, Mustered out with the regiment.

Joseph C. Caldwell, enl. November 1, 1863. Mustered out with regiment.

Charles E. Dermott, enl, Dec, 22, 1863, Mustered out with the Regiment,

Charles E, Dibble, enl, Feb, 24, 1364. Mustered out with the Regiment.

James B Greenup, enl. Feb . 24, 1864, Mustered out with the Regiment,

James A. Hill, enlisted May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Johnson Black, enl . Nov . 29, 1863 . Mustered out with the Regiment.

Albert G. Bently, enl. Deo. 26, 1863. Mustered out with theEegiment.

Norman H. Bull, enl. Feb. 19, 18B4. Slustered out with the Regiment.

Frederick Hanna, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Francis Halpin, enl. May 18, 1861 , Mustered out with the Regiment,

Oren S. Hoyt, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered cut with the Regiment.

Levi S. Harper, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Patrick Hogan, enl. January 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.

John Kalbrunner, enl Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Wilham Lett, enl. Decembers, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Edward Lynch, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.

George Kempf, enl. May 18,1861. Mustered out with theEegiment.

James S . Mitchell, enl. May 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment.

Martin McGrath, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Oliver R. Mosley, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Edward A . Parmalee, enl. January 28, 1664 Mustered out with the Reg-
iment.

EdwardJ. Stephens, enl. January 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg-
iment.

Alexander Stewart, enl. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with the Regiment.

Charles Stahl, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

William H, Sawyer, enl. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with the Regiment.

Bernard Schmitz, enl. May 18, 1661. Mustered out with the Reguneut.

Charles P. Smith, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Joseph Zelenka, enl. May 18. 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment.

James Palmer, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal and to Sergeant
January 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Regiment.

Henry L. Braddish, enl. May 18, 1861. Taken prisoner May 9, 1664.

TWENTY-THIRD INFANTEY.

Ira Burlingame, enl. January 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Eegimeut.

John Caldwell, enl. January 23, 1864. Left, sick, at Winchester, Vir-
ginia, May 5, 1865.

Franklin Giles, enl. January 4, 1864. Taken prisoner.

George Watson, enl. December 23, 1863. Left, sick, at Harpers Ferry,
Virginia, .

Sheridan E. Bull, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861. Killed at Antietam,
Maryland, September 17, 1862.

Michael Butler, enl. May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Killed in ac-
tion, May 9, 1864.

Joshua L. Barnes, enl. May 18, 1861. Killed at South Mountain, Mary-
land, September 14, 1862.

George S. Ayres, enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Killed in action, July 24, 1864.

John Dunn, enl. May 18, 1861. Killed at South Mountain, Maryland,
September 14, 1862.

Charles H. Hickox, enl. May 18. 1861. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, Vir-
ginia, May 9, 1884.

Jacob Henry, enl. May 18, 1861. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, Virginia,
May 9, 1864.

John G. Monger, enl. January 27, 1864. Killed at Winchester, Virginia,
July 24, 1864.

Thadeus A. Ross, enl. May 18, 1864. Killed at South Mountain, Mary-
laud, September 14, 1862.

Frank W. Bumell, enl. May 19, 1861. Died at Green Meadows, Virginia,
August 5, 1862.

Robert C. Cornwall, enl. May 18, 1861. Died of wounds received in ac-
tion, November 3, 1862.

Henry H. Cragin, enl. May 18, 1861 . Died at Wheeling, West Virginia,
December 24, 1863.

Manville Clark, enl. February 24, 1864. Died at Parkersburg, West
Virginia, July 27. 1864.

Joseph W. Fell, enl. May IS, 1861. Drowned in Little Kanawha river,
August 23, 1861.

Lorenzo A. Fuuver, enl. January S3, 1864. Died in rebel prison at
Danville, Virginia.

Henry E. Hazen, enl. May 18, 1861. Died at Cross Lanes, Virginia, Octo-
ber 2, 1861.

William H. Hubbell, enl. February 23, 1864. Died in rebel prison at
Danville, Virginia.

Abram S. Johnson, enl. February 25, 1864. Died at Frederick City,
Maryland, October 19, 1864.

Alva A. Rice, enl. February 5, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Savannah,
Georgia, August 25, 1864.

Harry Thompson. (See Field and Staff.) • "

Henry M. Haven, enr. as Sergeant, May 18, 1861. Promoted to Captain
of Company G, December 10, 1861,

Alfred A. Jerome, enl . May 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal and to Ser-
geant November 30, 1863. Discharged for disabiUty June 5, 1865.

James E. Doughty, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861. Pomoted to Sergeant
February 14, 1862.

AsaM. Van Sickle, enl. May 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal. Discharged
for disability July 1, 186a.

George C. Thurston, enl. May 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal. Dis-
charged at end of term, June 11, 1864.

James H. Armour, enl May 18,.1861. Promoted to Corporal. Discharged
at end of term June 11, 1864.

Stephen Lejeune, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861. Discharged for disa-
bility April 3, 1865.

Sylvester F. Moore, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged for disability April

' 2, 1862.

John S. Chapman, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged January 5, 1865.

Wilbur Bentley, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. for disability May 16, 1865.

Henry Burmester, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability May 28, 1863.

Andrew S. Barker, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged Jaauary 80, 1863, in
order to join the Cavalry.

Thomas 0. Connors, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H,
March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1861.

John O. Corvin, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H, March
15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Michael Deady, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged for disability February
26, 1863.

John Fitch, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged at end of term, June 11, 1864.

Sanford H. Fitch, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. for disability June 2, 1865.

Andrew M. Green, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged at end of term, June
11, 1864.

Edward E. Henry, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864,
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Joseph S. Harris, enl. May 18, 1861, Promoted July 1, 1862, to Sergt.

Frederick Harris, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

John E. Hewitt, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability.

Henry W. Higby, enl. May 18, 1861. Traosf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

George W. Jenkins, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11,
1864.

Thomas Jones, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864,
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

David H. Kimberly, enl. Miy 18, 1861. Disoh. at end of term, June 11,
1864.

Washington Litoh, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Henry C. Lufkin, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, Feb. 27,1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864 .

William G. Lee, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. tor disability June 5, 1865.

Edgar G. Meekins, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability June 1,1882.

Edwin F. Parker, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. at end of term, June 11, 1864.

James K. Rudolph, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864.

Joseph Rudolph, enl. May 18, 1881. Transferred March 1, 1862, to Com-
pany A, Forty-Second Regiment. Disoh. at end of term, July 6, 1864.

Charlts P. Smith, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864.

Joseph Smith, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864.

WilUam A. TUl, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 11, 1868.

Isaac Ullman, enl. jiay 18, 1881. Disch. January 30, 1883, in order to
enUst in the Cavalry.

Henry S. Wenbau, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H March
15, 1884. Mustered out June 30, 1864.

William Wallace, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of cerm, June 11, 1864.

Henry K. Wise, enl. May 18, 1881. Disoh. for disability.

Thomas J. u lugam, enl. May 18, 1881. Disch. for disability Jan. 21, 1862.

Philip C. Molliath, enr. as Sergeant May 18, 1861. Transferred to the
Brigade Band September 1, 1861.

Edwin B. Campbell, enl. May 18, 1881 ; promoted to Sergeant October 1,
1882. Was discharged and re-enlisted in the Tenth Cavalry, Com-
pany M, as Second Lieutenant, July 23, 1863.

Albeit Tucker, enl, February 21, 1861. Died at Germantown, Pennsyl-
vania, October 24, 1881.

D. B. Ainger, enl. December 17, 1883. Mustered out July 26, 1865.

Charles VV. Chapman, enl. j anuaty 5, 1884. Transferred co the Brigade
Baud Januaiy 6, 1864.

John Brunei', eiir. as Musiciau December 12, 188.j. Discharged for disa-
biUty June 14, 1865.

William Pettibone, enl. Jan. 11, 1884. Disch. tor disabiUty June 13, 1865.

Seth L Rhodes, enl. December 17, 1861. Died at Fayetteville, West Vir-
ginia, April 26, 1862.

Lorenzo D. Hunt, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Disch. tor disability June 1, 1863.

James Olds, enl, Dec. 17, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Dec. 17, 1864.

Asa Smith, enl. Deo. 17, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Dec. 17, 1864.

Edward W. Roscoe, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H March
15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864

Augustus Berschig, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability Jan. 5, 1865.

COMPAIir B.

Charles H. Morgan, enl. May 18, 1861, Company A; promoted to Ser-
geant; and to Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863. Transferred to
Company D, and promoted to First Lieutenant May 1, 1865; and to
Captain Company B May 29, 1865. Mustered out with regiment.

Henry Richardson, enr. Second Lieutenant Company D May 30, 1861 ;
promoted to First Lieutenant Company B July 24, 1861 ; to Captain
Company H, Fifth-Fourth Infantry, February 1, 1862.

COMPANY 0.

Benjamin Jackson, traasterred from Company I and made 1st Lieuten-
ant of Company 0, June 1, 1833. Mustered out with the Regiment.

John F. Cutler, enr. as Sergeant May 33, 1861 ; prom jted to 2d Lieuten-
ant July 33, 1861. Resigned September 22, 1861.

COMPANY D.

Howards. Lovejoy, enr. as Captain, May 20, 1881; wounded at Antietam,
Maryland, September 1862. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863.

Charles H. Morgan, enlisted in Company A May 18, 1861; trans-
ferred to Company D and made 1st Lieutenant May 1, 1865. Trans-
ferred to Company B May 39, 1885.

John T. Ogden, enr. as Corporal May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant, to
2d Lieutenant April 20, .1864, and to 1st Lieutenant May .30, 1865.
Mustered out with the Regiment July 26, 1885.

Henry L. Hood, enl. Company G as 1st Lieutenant, June 7, 1861; trans-
ferred to Company D March 31, 1863, and September 4th returned to
Company G.

Abram A. Hunter, enr. as 1st Lieutenant May 30, 1861 ; promoted to
Captain Company K March 1, 1862.

Henry Richardson, ear. as 3d Lieutenant May 20, 1861 ; promoted to 1st
Lieutenant Company B July 34. 1881.

Edward Cameron, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant and to 1st
Sergeant March 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. July 26, 1865.

John Gorman, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out
with the regiment.

Edwin Hawes, enl. May 20, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

George W. Penn, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Musician and mustered
out with the regiment.

Corydon Bassett, enl. May 20, 1861 . Mustered out with the regiment.

William Graeber, enl. May 20, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.

Joel Hance, enl. May 30, 1861 . Mustered out with the regiment .

Edgar Leach, enl. May 30, 1861 . Mustered out with the regiment.

100

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Sylvester Leach, enl. May 30, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment.
Henry Marmilstein, enl. May 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
David E. Scott, enl. May 30, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
James Wortman, enl. May 30, 1861 . Mustered outwith the Reg.
John H. Lindley, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Killed

at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1863.
Isaac W. Barker, enl. May 20, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Sept. 14, 1863.
Hiram Durkee, enl. May 20, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Sept. 14, 1863.
James Eldridge, enl. May 30, 1861. KUled at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1863.
Frederick Hooker, enl. May 30, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14,

1863.
Edward Sims, enl May 20, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1863.
WilUam W. Hardy, enr. as Sergt. May 20, 1861. Died at FayettevjUe,

Va., Jan. 15, 1862.
Harvey K. Law, enl. May 20, 1861 ; promoted to Corp. Died at Camp

Ewing, Va., Nov. 2, 1861.
OrinF. Green, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Died at Raleigh, Va., April

5, 1862.
Samuel ChfEord, enl. May 20, 1861. Died at rebel prison July 12, 1864.
Gilbert G. Held, enl. May 20, 1861. Lost on the steamer Sultana April

25, 1865.
John R. Searl, enl. May 20, 1861. Died at Raleigh, Va., March 16. 1862
Eliphalet I. Taylor, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Dis-
charged at end of term June 11, 1864.
Dennison C. Hanchett, enr. as Corp. May 30, 1861; promoted to Sergt.

Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864.
Lucius F. Gilson, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Disch. at end

of term June 11, 1864.
Willis Chase, enl. May 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Discharged for

disability caused by wounds April 19, 1865 .
William E. Brooks, enl May 20, 1861 . Promoted to Corp . Discharged

at end of term June 11, 1864.
Olifton A. Bennett, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Promoted July 28, 1863,

to Sergt. Discharged at end of term June 11, 1864.
James H. Goddard, enr. as Coi-p. May 20, 1861. Discharged at end of

term June 1 1 , 1864.
Edgar A. Price, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Discharged for disability

Dec. 18. 1863.
Abraham Tanner, enl. May 20, 1861 . Promoted to Corp . Disch. at end

of term June 11, 1864.
Daniel Baker, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Feb. 1, 1862.
William R, Boone, enl. May 30, 1861. Disch. Sept. 20, 1861.
Jasper '. Cooley, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. June 14. 1863.
John O. Beirn, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. June 21, 1865.
James Crowder, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. Nov. 23, 1862
John Eaton, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 29, 1863.
Milton H. Franks, enl. May 30, 1861 . Disch. for disability Sept. 19, 1861 .
Thomas Flack, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. Jan. 23, 1863.
John Goss, enl. May 30, 1861. Disch. April 1, 1863.

Williaml. Holcomb, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability April 17, 186.3.
Jacob Hartman, enl. May 20, 1861 . Disch. for disability May 4, 1863.
Theodore Harris, enl. May 30, 1861. Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864.
David Peterman, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 26, 1862.
Martin Ryan, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 7, 1862.
Truman S. Seaman, enl. May 20, 1(!61. Disch. for disability June 5, 1862.
Marshall H. Sipler, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability March 16

1863.
Ephraim Stevens, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864.
LawrenceSquire, enl. May20, 1861. Taken prisoner July 24, 1664. Was

released and Disch. June 8, 1865.
Harry Wheeler, enl . May 20, 1861 . Disch . for disabihty Sept . 20, 1861 .
Sumuel Ward, enl. May 20, 1861 Disch. for disability Oct. 85, 1863.
Henry Agar, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf . to Co. K March 14, 1864 Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.
-George Archer, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864.

Mustered out July 6. 1864.
Joseph Brumley, enl. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864.

Mustered out June 30, 1864.
George S. Bidwell, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1S64.

Mustered out June -30, 1864.
Frederick V. Cogswell, enl. as Musician May 20, 1861.
Sampson C. Curtiss, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5,

Mustered out June 30, 1864.
David Danby. enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864.

tered out July 6, 1864.
Ransom Fisher, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864, Mus-
tered out June 30, 1864.
William D. Hanson, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864

Mustered out July 6, 1864.
Joseph Hower, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.
Philip Holzworth, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14 1864

Mustered out July 6, 1864. '

Henry M. Holzworth. enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14 1864

Mustered out July 6. 1864. '

Theodore W. Ingersoll, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5
1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864 . '

1864.

Mus-

William Jones, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.

Allen H. Larned, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

George Lowenstein, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Anson K. Mills, enl. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.

Charles E. Manchester, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14,
1864. Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Henry Montague, enl. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864.
Mustered out July 6,. 1864

Henry Molter, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus-
tered out July 6, 1864.

Frederick Motrey, enl. May 20, 1851. Tiansf. to Co. K March 14, 1864.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Meredith McKinney, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March B, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864 .

George C. Reannourd, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5,
1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Addison A. Root, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K. March 14, 18M.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Warren Square, enl. May 20,- 1861. Transf. to Co. K, March 14, lo64.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.

James H. Waldo, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 5, 1864..
Mustered out J une 30, 1864 .

Nelson H. Wing, enl May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 5, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Thomas J. Wiley, enl. May 20, 1861 . Transf. to Co. H, March 5, 1864.
Mustered out June 30, 1864.

Charles Morgan, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K, March 14, 1864.
Mustered out July 6, 1864.

Leander H. Lane, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Nov.
27, 1868, to 2nd Lieut Co. A, July 2, 1864.

Samuel McElroy, enl. as Musician May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K, March
14, 1864. Disch. with the Co. July 6, 1864.

COMPASY E.

Orson Holly, enl. Jan. 5. 186(. Promoted to Corp . June 28, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co July 26. 1865.
Jared S. Chamberlain, enl. March 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Featherly, enl . March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co .
Scott F. Huntley, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Horace A. Little, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
David C. Stover, enl. Feb. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY P.

Alonzo Kingsbury, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
James Williams, enl. July 14, 1864. Disch. July 8, 1865.

COMPANY G.

Wallace J. Woodward, First Lieut. Co. A, May 18, 1861. Prom. toCapt.

Co. G, July 34, 1861. Died of fever at Camp Ewing, Nov. 6, 1861.
Henry M. Haven, enl. Sergt. Co. A, May 18, 1861. Prom, to Capt. Co.

G, Dec. 10, 1861. Resigned Dec. 1, 1862.
Henry G. Hood, enr. as 1st Lieut. June 7, 1861. Assigned to Co. D,

March 31, 1862 Promoted to Capt. Sept. 4, 1862, and returned to

Co. G. Wounded at South Mt., Md . Sept. 14, 1862. Disch. July9»

1864.
Leander H Lane, enr. Corp. Co. D, May 20, 1861. Prom, to Sergt.

Nov. 27, 1863; to 2d Lieut. Co. A, July 3, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. G,

July 21, 1864, and to Capt. Co. I, Jan. 12, 1865.
Lewis Barrett, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 30, 1865.

COMPANY I.

Robert More, enr. as Captain May 22, 1861. Res. March 33, 1862.
Leander H. Lane, enl. Corp. Co. D, May 20, 1861. Made 3nd Lieut. Co.

A, July 2, 1864, 1st Lieut. Co. G, July 31, 1864, and Capt. Co. I,

Jan . 13, 1865 . Mustered out with the Co .
Eugene Clark, enr, as Corp. May 23, 1861. Promoted to Sergt; to 3nd

Lieut. June 11, 1864; to 1st Lieut. July 1, 1864, and to Captain Co.

A, May 1, 1865.
Charles P. Conant, enl. May 32, 1861 . Prom, to Sergt. Nov. 30, 1863; to

2d Lieut. Oct. 8, 1864, and to 1st Lieut. April 20, 1865. Mustered out

with the Reg. July 26, 1885.
Benj W. Jackson, enr. as Sergt. May 33, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut.

March 23, 1862, and to 1st Lieut. Co. C, Jan. 1, 1863.
Russell Hastings. (See Field and Staff.]
Valcen Jackson, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. July 26, 1865.
Perry C. Carroll, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George C. Jones, enl. May 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael Ryan, enl. June 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Scribner, enl. Feb 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James Walker, enl. Feb. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

TWENTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

101

John Hadloek, enl. June 8, 1864. Sick in Hosp. at Baltimore since April
15, 1865.

WilliamF. Greer, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Killed at Cloyd Mt., Va., May 9, 1864.
Charles Dille, enl. Sept. 1, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Aue 1.
.1864.

Orin C. Johnson, enl. Deo. 28, 1863. Died in rebel prison at Salisbury N

C, Dec. 16, 1864.
Charles Bliss, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Disch. for disability May 29, 1865.
Daniel B. Jenks, enl. Sept, 1. 1862. Transf. to the Invalid Corps Dec 31

1863.

COMPANY K.

Abram A. Hunter, enr. 1st Lieut. Co. D, May 20, 1861. Prom, to Capt.

Co. K, March 1, 1863. Wounded at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1862-

Killed at Cloyd Mt., Va., May 9, 1864.
Russell Hastings, enr. Co. I, as 3d Lieut. May 23, 1861. Made Capt. Co.

K, Aug. 8, 1863. Prom, to Lieut. Col. March 8, 1865.

CHAPTER XX.

TWENTY-FOURTH, T'WBNTr-SEVENTH AND THIS-
TY-SBVENTH INFANTRY, ETC.

Organization of the Twenty-fourth— Off to West Virginia^The Rebels
defeated— To Kentucky and Tennessee— Pittsburg Landing— It goes
north with Buell—Perniville— Stone River— Two Commanders Killed
—Chickamauga— Mission Ridge— Dalton— Mustered out— Members
from this County— Twenty-fifth Infantry— Transferred Men— The
List— Twenty-seventh Infantry— Company G— Service in Missouri— In
Pope's Army— Battle of luka— Battle of Corinth— Parker's Cross
Roads— At Memphis — In Middle Tennessee — Re-enlistment -The At-
lanta Campaign— Dallas— Kenesaw—Nicojack Creek— Hard Fighting
before Atlanta— Heavy Losses— To the Sea— Muster out — Cuyahoga
Members— Thirtieth Infantry— Thirty-second Infantry— Thirty-third
Infantry — Thirty-seventh Infantry— The Number from this Connty
Ordered to West Virginia— Fight at Princeton— At Fayetteville— On
the Mississippi — The Assault on Vicksburg - Movement to Chatta-
nooga— Battle of Mission Ridge- Relief of Knoxville — Re-enlistment
— Resaca, Dallas and Kenesaw— Before Atlanta — Battle of Ezra Chapel
—Jonesboro— Subsequent Services — Members from Cuyahoga County.

TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

This regiment was organized at Camp Chase in the
latter part of June, 1861. The records show that
fifty -four members, all Germans, were from Cuyahoga
county, headed by Lieutenant (afterwards Captain)
Jacob Diehl.

The regiment went to West Virginia in the latter
part of July, serving at Cheat Mountain Summit
during August and September. On the morning of
September 13th it was surrounded and attacked by
a brigade of rebel soldiers. After a skirmishing fight
of three hours the assailants fled, leaving some of
their number dead on the field besides a few who were
taken prisoners. The Twenty-fourth, being defended
by abatis, had only two men wounded. On the 3d of
October the regiment was slightly engaged at Green-
brier, having five men killed and wounded.

In November the Twenty-fourth moved to Ken-
tucky, joining the Tenth Division, Army of the
Ohio. In February, 1862, it proceeded to Nashville,
and thence in March went forward with Buell's army
to join Grant. It crossed the Tennessee in the after-
noon of April 6th, and immediately took part in the
battle of Pittsburg Landing. The next day it was
sharply engaged, though with comparatively slight
loss— four killed and twenty-eight wounded.

After serving in northern Mississippi and Alabama
it returned to Kentucky, and was present at the battle
of Perryville. It was with Rosecrans in his advance

13a

from Nashville in December, 1863, and was severely
engaged at Stone River, having two regimental com-
manders (Colonel Jones and Major Terry) killed in
succession in that battle. The whole loss was four
officers and ten men killed, and four officers and
sixty-nine men wounded, out of three hundred and
fifty -three present.

After light duty during tlie spring and summer of
1863, the regiment moved forward with Roseci'ans
and was warmly engaged at Chickamauga; in fact was
badly broken up, and suficred severely in killed and
wounded. The same fall the Twenty-fourth took
part in the great victory of Mission Ridge. It was
also in an engagement near Dalton, having ten men
killed and wounded. It saw some hard service during
the winter, but no more serious fighting. It was
mustered out in June, 1864.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY H.

Jacob Diehl, enr. as 2nd Lieut. May 30, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

May 7, 1862, and to Capt. Aug. 16, 1862. .Mustered out with the Co.

June 20, 1864.
William Hartraan, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 3, 1S62,

and to Sergt. Jan. 10, 1863.
JohnF. Weigold, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 20, 1863,

and to Sergt. June 34, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. June 20, 1864.
Henry Schoder, enl. May 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. and to Sergt.

April 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Pe er Hoffman, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co .
Louis Seithard, enr. as Drummer April 34, 1861 . Mustered out with the

Co.
William Dodel, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Franz Florin, enl April 23, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Peter Goebel, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Geist, enr. as Corp. April 34, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.
Philip Grames, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Andrew Hilbrunner, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Benoit Kling, enl. May 1, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Adam Stahl, enl . April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co . June 20, 1864.
John Sommerholder, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Thode, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Emanuel Newman, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Killed at

Stone River, Tenn , Jan. 2, 1863.
Christoph Bergermaister, enl. April 24, 1861. Killed at Greenbriar, Va.,

Oct. 31, 1861.
Sunor Deggengier, enl. May 28, 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862,
Jacoph Kinesel, enl May 1, 1861. Killed at Greenbriar, Va. , Oct. 31, 1861.
John O'Neill, enl. June 13, 1861. Killed at Greenbriar, Va., Oct. 81, 1861.
Johann Suter, enl. April 24, 1861, Killed at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31,

1862.
Casper Weiss, enr. as Sergt. April 24, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Dec.

31, 1863.
Joseh Borlein, enl. April 24, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Tenn , Dec. 31,

1862
John Fry, enl. April 24, 1861 , Promoted to Corp. Died at Cleveland, O. ,

Feb. 15, 1862.
Franz Detombel, enl. May 25, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 2, 1861.
Charles Gusching, enl. May 10. 1861. Died at Mound City, III. , June 1,

1862.
John Henss, enl. May 1, 1861. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 10, 1862.
Jacob Schott, enl. May 6, 1861. Died at Mound City, 111., May 12, 1862.
Heinrich C. Hoyer, enl, April 24, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Oct. 23,

1863.
Joseph Lehman, enl. April 24, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 6,

1863.
Patrick McNamara, enl. May 4, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 6.

1863.
J acob Severs, enr. as Corp. May 30, 1861. Transf . to Invalid Corps Oct.

14, 1863.
John Wehnes, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. on account of wounds, Nov.

12, 1862.
Christian Kramer, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. on account of wounds

Juiy 17, 1862.
Theodore Reilinger, enl . June 26, 1861 . Disch , on account of wounds

Jan. 21, 1862.

102

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Frederick Christian, eur. as Corp. April 24, 1861. Discli. for disabiiity

Oct. 9, 1862.
Frederick Draeger, enl. April 24, 1861. Discli. for disability Aug. 15,

1862.
Christopb Kayler, enl. June 12, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 15, 1862.
John Deyle, enl. Feb. 20, 1862. Disch. for disability Nov. 8, 1862.
William Frochleich, enl. June]2, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 8, 1861.
Jacob Hummel, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disability April 2.3, 1862.
Alexander Hommel, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disabiUty Aug. 10, 1862.
JohnHartman, enl. June 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug., 1861.
Leonard Bernhart, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. , 1862 .
Jacob Miller, enl. April 24. 1861. Disch. for disability Aug., 1862.
John Morro-y, enl. June 26, 1861. Disch. for disability April, 1862.
Christopher Passold, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct.,

1862.
George Roth. enl. May 25, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct., 1862.
John Stauffer, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Feb.. 1863.
Christian Weber, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disabiUty Aug.. 1861.
Henry Wilhams, enr. as Corp. May 30, 1861. Appointed 2d Lieut., and

transf. to Co. I Jan. 9, 1862. Resigned Jan. 29, 1862.
George Arnold, enr. as Capt. April 24, 1861. Promoted to iVIajor 107th

Reg. Aug. 26, 1862.
Augustus Draeger, enr. Sergt. April 24, 1861. Resigned April 20, 1863.
William Machey, enl. May 1, 1861 . Promoted to Corp. ; and to Sergt.

Sept. 1, 1861. Mustered out June 20, 1864.
Jacob Graef. enr. as Corp. April 24, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.

June 20, 1864.

TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY.

In July, 1865, forty-eight Cuyahoga men of the
One Hundred and Seventh Infantry were transferred
to the Twenty-fifth. Afterwards the latter served on
garrison and guard duty until June, 1866. It was
then sent home, mustered out on the eighteenth of
that month, some of the men having served over five
years.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANS' A.

David G. Parker, enl. Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. Nov. 30, 1865.

COMPANY D.

William Bixler, enl. Sept. 29, 1864. Mustered out July 15, 1865.

The following were transferred to the Twenty-fifth, from the One
Hundred and Seventh Infantry in July, 1865: Joseph Muller, John G.
McCauley, JohnW. Jorvu, Stephen Alge, GustusA. Augspurger, Pat-
rick Calaghan, Alvis Daul, Patrick Dillon, Gabriel Fertig, Henry Fight
James Goudy, Andrew Gauter, Peter Hirz, Anton Hillerick, John H.
Horst, WilUam Lauchley, Michael Maloney, John McConnick, George
Mueller, Christoph Mario, William Pluss, Samuel Pfister, William Pen-
dleton, James Pendleton, Frederick Prasse, John Sehaab, John Schmehl,
Gottleib Schwartz, JuUus Schoeneweg, John Traxel, Christian Wanger,
John Wanger, Hermann Wehagen, John Brown, Piatt Benjamin, John
Crane, George Ellsworth, George Hugill, George Ody, Gotfried Weiden-
kopf , Charles J ones, Edward Johnson, Charles Lyons, Gottleib Muntz,
John Schorr, Theodore Baldinger, Robert Dietzold, John Ley.

TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

Forty-nine men, of Company G," were, according to
the record, the contribution of Cuyahoga county to
this regiment. Frank Lynch and Edward C. Gibson,
of this county, were respectively captain and second
lieutenant.

The regiment, from all parts of the State, was or-
ganized at Camp Chase in August, 1861. In the fall
it served in Missouri, and in February, 1862, joined
the Army of the Mississippi. In Jilarch it was ac-
tively engaged in the siege and capture of New Mad-
rid and Island No. Ten. In May, with the rest of
Pope's Army it joined Halleck, took part in the siege
of Corinth, and remained near that point with the
rest of the "Ohio brigade," as it was especially desig-
nated, during the summer months.

On the 19th of September the Ohio brigade took an
active part in the battle of luka, driving the enemy
back on the double quick as soon as it reached the bat-
tle field. On the third of October it was at the battle
of Corinth but not severely engaged. The next day
it supported Battery Robinett, the main object of the
rebel attack. The enemy made a desperate assault on
this position but were forced back with terrific loss.
The Twenty-seventh though partially sheltered, had
over sixty officers and men killed and wounded in a
very brief time.

In December, 1862, the Twenty-seventh was warmly
engaged with Gen. Forrest at Parker's Cross Roads,
Tenn; aiding in the capture of seven pieces of artillery,
besides prisoners and horses. It remained at Corinth
during the winter of 1862-3 and in the spring of 1863
went to Memphis where it stayed throughout the
summer. In October the Ohio brigade moved to mid-
dle Tennessee. There it re-enlisted as veterans, and
after its return from furlough it was broken up; the
Twenty-seventh becoming part of the First brigade,
Fourth division. Sixteenth army corps.

It took part in Sherman's Atlanta campaign. At
Dallas it aided in driving the enemy, and was also
engaged at Big Shanty. At Kenesaw it fought
hard and suffered heavy loss. At Nicojack creek, at
the head of its division, it charged the rebel works
with the bayonet and captured them. The regiment
was in its hardest battle on the 22d of July, 1864,
before Atlaufa, when McPherson was killed. It
charged the enemy repeatedly, and once, being at-
tacked from the rear, changed front under fire, dressed'
its line accurately, and again rushed forward to the
charge. Its loss was heavier than in any other battle.
Capt. Lynch v/as desperately wounded and was soon
after promoted to lieutenant colonel. During the
campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta the Twenty-
seventh had sixteen officers and a hundred and ninety-
five men killed and wounded — more than half its
number.

After the capture of Atlanta the Twenty-seventh
went with Sherman to the sea; took part in the cam-
paign of the Carolinas, and was mustered out in July,
1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Frank Lynch, enr. as Capt. Co. G July 27, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col.

Nov. 3, 1864. Wounded at Corinth and before Atlanta. Disch. May

20, 1865.
Charles H. Smith, enr. as Sergt. Co. G, July 27, 1861. Prom, to 2d Lieut.

Nov. 8, 1862; to 1st Lieut. May 9, 1864; to Capt. Nov. 3, 1864; and to

Major May 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Regt. July 11, 1865.

NON-OOMMISSIONED STAFF.

Gilbert M. Jacobs, enl. July 27, 1861, in Co. G. Prom, to Sergt,; and on
March 30, 1865, to Q. M. Sergt. Mustered out with Regt.

William D. Evans, ejir. as Musician July 27, 1861. Prom, to Chief Mu-
sician May 1, 1862. Mustered out with Regt. July 11, 1865.

Henry C. Parmalee, enl. July 27, 1861. Prom, to Prin. Musician, and
transf. to Non-Com. Staff Nov. 1, 1862. Mustered out July 11, 1865.

COMPANY K.

Edward A. Webb, promoted to 1st Lieut, from Co. G Aug, 4, 1864; and
Capt. Jan. 28, 1865. Mustered out with Co.

TWENTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

103

COMPANY a.

K. Heber Worth, enr. as Corp. July 27, 1861 , Prom, to Sergt. May 1,
1862; to 2d Lieut. June 27,-1864; to 1st Lieut. Sept. 26, 1864; and te
Capt. Jan. 28, 1865. Resigned June 16, 1865.

Edward Gibson, enl. as 2d Lieut. July 27, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Lieut-
March 31, 1862. Wounded three times at Corinth. Resigned March
14, 1864.

Henry W. Diebolt, enl. as Sergt. July 27, 1861 . Promoted to 2d Lieut.
Feb. 6, 1:62; and to 1st Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. Died May 28, 1864, of
wounds received near Dallas, Georgia .

Edward A. Webb, enr. as Corporal July 27, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Dec.
25, 1863; to 2d Lieut. June 27, 1864; and to 1st Lieut, and assigned to
Co. E Aug. 4, 1864.

Matthew F. Madigan, enl. July 27, 1861 . Prom, to Sergt. March 30, 1865,
and to 1st Lieut. June 6, 1865. Mustered cut with the Co.

George S. Spaulding, enr. as Sergt. Prom, to 2d Lieut. Killed at Dal-
las, Georgia.

William B. Atwell, enr. as Corp. July 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec.
25,1863. Killed in action July 4, 1864.

George Small, enr. as Corp. July 27, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Transf.
to Invalid Corps Jan. 10, 1863.

Lucius B. Laney, enr. as Musician July 27, 1861. Disch. for diasability
Aug. 2, 1862.

Francis Gottka, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. Aug. 18, 1864.

JohnBrennis, enl. July 27, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864; and
to Sergt. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 11, 1865.

John H. Beman, enl. July 27, 1861.

Cleanthus Burnet, enl . July 27, 1861 . Discharged for disability caused
by wound received Oct. 4, 1862.

John B. Dawson, enl. July 27, 1861. Killed atCheraw, S. C, Feb. 27, 1865.

Milton Davis, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 16, 1863.

John Dillon, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by a fall,
June 10, 1862.

Orin B. Gould, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. April 19, 1864, for disability
caused by wounds received at Corinth, Miss., Oct. 2, 1862.

Samuel R. Grunnell. enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. March 2, 1863, in order to
enable him to re-enlist elsewhere.

Chester F. Griffith, enl. Jiily 27, 1871. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864; and
to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

PhiUp R. Harple, enl. July 27, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.

Taylor D. Hall, enl. July 27, 1861 . Disch. for disability Dec. 23, 1861 .

James M. Hine, enl. July 27, 1861 . Died at Evansville, Ind., Aug. 20, 1862.

Thomas Johnson, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Aug. 18, 1864.

Jacob Laux, enl. July 27, 1861 . Disch. for disabihty June 3, 1865.

J[acob Loeder, enl. July 27, 1861 . Disch. Oct. 5, 1861.

James E. Ladley, enl. July 27, 1861. Taken prisoner Nov. 5, 1861. Re.
leased and discharged Dee. 23, 1861 .

Sebastian Miller, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. at end or term, Aug. 18, 1864.

Jeremiah T. McPherson, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. Deo. 2, 1862, on ac-
count of wounds reeeived at Corinth Oct. 4, 1861.

J ohn W. Mercer, enl. July 27, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.

Elbridge Myers, enl. July 27, 1861 . Taken prisoner Nov. 5, 1861. Freed
and disch. Dec. 23, 1861.

WUUam Neyland, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Aug. 18, 1864.

Thomas I. Plummer, enl. 27, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Killed at Kene-
saw Mountain, Georgia, June 33, 1864.

WUUam Parker, enl. July 27, 1861. Discharged for Disability, Oct. 5, 1861.

Asa Radway, enl. July 21, 1861 . Prom, to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mustered
out with the Co.

George W. Rathbum, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. July 29, 1863.

John SchufE, enl. July 27, 1861 . Died at Nashville, Tenn., June 15, 1864.

David Schafer. enl. July 27, 1861 Disch. at end of term Aug^ 18, 1864

Michael Snyder, enl. July 27, 1861. Prom, to Corp July 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. „. .oe-

John E. Schuck, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. for disabdity May 25, 186=.

John W. Scott, enl. July 27, 1861. Taken prisoner Nov. 5, 1861. Freed
anddisch. Dec. ?3, 1861. , ,.j „ r ~

James R. Thomas, enl. July 27, 1861. Transf. to Invahd Corps Jan. 7,

George Brennis, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
George Lemons, enr. as Musician Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with Co.
Georee Myers enr. as Musician Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John R Cheek, enr. as Corp. Aug. 19, 1861. Died Aug. 38, 1864, in hos-
pital, at Marietta, Ga., from wound.

THIRTIETH INFANTRY.

COMPANY C.

Morgan Lee, enl. March 13, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865.
THIKXY-FIRST INTANTRY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

John R. Arter, enr. as Surg. Sept. 13, 1861. Mustered out at expiration
of termof service, Sept. 27, 1864. ,,,... -.v.

Royal W. Varney, enr. as Asst. Surg. April 7, 1863. Mustered out with
the Reg. July 20, 1865.

THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY.

COMPANY A.

John W. White, enl. Jan. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Brush Mt., Ga.,

June 27, 1864.
Alonzo Egbert, enl. March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. July 20,

1865.

COMPANY B.

Herman Meyers, enl. March 1, 1863. Mustered out 20th July, 1863.

COMPANY 0.

George Quaid, enl. Jan. 1, 1863. Died from wounds near Atlanta, Ga.,
July 23, 1864.

COMPANY D.

David Harrington, enl. Jan. 16, 1863.

Michael MoGue, enl . Jan . 16, 1863 . Mustered out July 20, 1865 .

THIRTY -THIRD INFANTRY.

COMPANY C.

EUsworth W. Libby, enl. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1864;
to 1st Lieut. Aug. 26, 1864, and to Capt. March 26, 1865. Mustered
out with the Co. July 12, 1865.

THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

This, the third German regiment raised in Ohio,
contained forty-nine men from Cuyahoga county in
Company A, twenty-two in Company F, and forty-
two in Company H; besides a few in other companies;
bringing the total up to a hundred and thirty-three.
It was mustered into service in October, 1861.

It soon moved to West Virginia, where it was in
service during the winter. In March, 1862, with
other regiments, it was engaged in a hard fight at
Princeton, W. Va., in which the command had the
misfortune to be defeated; the Thirty rseventh having -
one officer and thirteen men killed, and two officers
and forty-six men wounded. The Thirty-seventh
was also sharply engaged near Fayetteville, on the
10th of September, with a heavy force under General
Loring. At this time the whole command was com-
pelled to retreat to the Ohio river.

In December, the regiment was ordered to join
Grant's army, and on the 21st of January, 1863, ar-
rived at Milliken's Bend, nearly opposite Vicksburg,
becoming a part of the Fifteenth Army Corps. After
arduous service through the rest of the winter, and
after taking part in the feint against Haines' Bluff in
April, the Thirty-seventh moved on the 13th of May
to Grand Gulf, and thence marched to the rear of
Vicksburg. It took an active and gallant part in the
unsuccessful assaults on that place, made on the 19th
and 32d of May; having nineteen men killed and
seventy wounded.

After the capture of Vicksburg, the summer of 1863
was spent in active duty in Mississippi. During Oc-
tober and November the Thirty-seventh made its way
to Chattanooga. On the morning of the 25th of
November it assaulted the rebel fortifications, situated
on the lofty heights of Mission Ridge. It was re-
pulsed with the loss of five men killed, and five offi-
cers and thirty-one men wounded, but as the enemy's
works were captured at numerous points it was soon
enabled to advance and join in the pursuit. Imme-
diately afterward the regiment was sent to aid in the

104

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

relief of Knoxville, which was accomplished by a brief
campaign, but one of extraordinary hardships.

In March, 1864, the Thirty-seventh re-enlisted as
veterans, and after the usual furlough advanced with
the Fifteenth Army Corps on the Atlanta campaign.
In its advance on Eesaca it had thirteen officers and
men killed and wounded. It also took part in the
conflicts at Dallas and New Hope Church, and the
terrible battle of Kenesaw Mountain. Before Atlanta,
on the 32d of July, it was outflanked and compelled
to abandon its intrenchments, with a loss of fourteen
men killed and wounded, and thirty-eight taken pris-
oners, but immediately after joined in a general at-
tack and recaptured the position. On the 37th of
July the Thirty-seventh was engaged in the battle of
Ezra Chapel, in which the enemy was completely de-
feated. On the 30th of August it was in the battle
of Jonesboro, which was speedily followed by the
capture of Atlanta.

The Thirty-seventh next took part in the forced
marches in pni'suit of Hood; then returnedfto Atlanta
and set out for the sea with Sherman. With that
energetic leader it marched through Georgia, South
Carolina and North Carolina, the army scattering
before it every rebel force which attempted to obstruct
its path. After the collapse of the rebellion, this
regiment was ordered to Arkansas, where it remained
till the 13th of August, 1865. It was then mustered
out, and the men taken back to Cleveland and dis-
banded.

MEMBERS PROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Edward Siber, enr. as Col. Sept. 18, 1861. Resigned March 33, 1864.
Charles Ankele, enr. as Major Aug 3, 1861. Wounded at Princeton, W.

Va., May 17, 1862. Resigned June 5, 1868.
Juhus C. Schenck, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept 7, 1861. Promoted to Surg.

July 82, 1862. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862.

HON-OOMMISSIONBD STAFF.

Franz Frey, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Jan. 26, 1863, and to Non-
Com. Staff as Com. Sergt. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with Regt.

COMPANY A.

Louis Quedonfeld, enr. as Capt. Aug. 3,1861. Killed at Princeton, W.

Va., May 17, 1862.
George Boehm, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 16, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Co.

F. March 31, 1863.
Christian Pfahl, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. 15, 1861. Resigned Dec. 27, 1861.
Christian Hambrack, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 15, 1861. Promoted to 3nd

Lieut. July 11, 1868. Resigned Dee. 20, 1862.
Louis Becker, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861. Wounded and captured at

Princeton, W. Va., May 17, 1862.
John Otter, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. March

1,1863. Disch. from Hosp. June 3, 1865.
William Rock, enr. as .Sergt. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded and captured at

Princeton, W. Va., May 17, 1863.
Fred Ambrosius, enr. us Sergt. Sept. 16, 1861. Promoted to 3nd Lieut

Co. B, Feb. 8. 1868.
Florian Saile, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861 . Mustered out at end of term

Sept. 13, 1864.
Emil Blau, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded and captured at Pince-

ton, W. Va., May, 17, 1863.
Jacob A. Kleinschmidt, enr. as Corp. Sept. 6, 1861. Killed at Princeton,

W. Va.,May 17, 1862.
Carl Eberhard, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded and captured at

Princeton, W. Va., May 17, ;863.
Nicholas Bellery, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded near Atlanta,

Ga., Aug. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
George Obooht, enr. as Corp. Aug. 1861.

Asa Adamsky, enr. as Musician, Sept. 6, 1861.

Frederick Lay, enr. as Musician Aug. 15, 1861.

Peter Voelker, enl. Aug. 28, 1861.

Joseph Adler, enl. /Vug. 15, 1861.

Christian Berger, enl. Aug. 15, 1861.

Ludwig Bauer, enl. Aug. 28, 1861.

Friedrich Dreger, enl. Aug. 28, 1861.

Joseph Fruch, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept.,

12, 1864.
John H. Frerichs, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Promoted to 1st Seigt. Sept. 9,

1861, to 8nd Lieut. Co. C, April 1, 1863.
Johahn Haiser, enl. Aug. ,15, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 10,1864.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Gustav Haupt, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Sept.

12, 1864.
Friedrich Baehrhold, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded at Kenesaw Mi.,

June 27, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. June 31, 1865.
Wilhelm Haupt. enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Killed near Kenesaw Mt., June 27,

1864.
Adolph Jaeger, enl. Aug. 16, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Jean Pierre Keener, enl, Aug. 15, 1861. Mustered out at end of term

Sept. 12. 1864.
Magnus Kahl, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Wounded at Mill Creek, N. C, March

21. 1866. Lett in Hosp. at New York.
Johann Loeblein, enl. Sept. 4, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept.

12, 1864.

Franz Marons, enl. Aug. 24, 1861.

Karl Meyer, enl. Aug. 28, 1861. Mustered out at end of term. Sept, 13,

1864.
Johann Pitroff, enl. Aug. 38, 1861. Wounded near Atlanta, 6a., July

22, 1864.
Joseph Stoll, enl. Aug. 15, 1^61. Mustered out at end of term. Sept 12^

1864.
John Schaefler, eiil. Aug. 15, 1861. Disch. for disability, Sept. 21, 1863.
Leopold Serdinsky, enl. Aug. 16, 1861.
Wilhelm Samsbrug, enl. Aug 38, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

out Sept. 13, 1864.
Bernhard Schieffterling, enl. Aug. 28, 1861. Mustered out at end of term

Sept. 2:, 1864.
Adam Schmidt, enl. Aug. 24 1861 .
Frederick Schneider, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded near Jonesboro, Ga.,

Aug. 31 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Frederick Ungerer, enl . Aug. 15, 1861 .
Henry J. Votteler, enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 29,

1868. Disch May 18, 1864.
Christoph Weber, enl. Aug. 15, 1861.

Theodore Wendt, enl. Aug. 30, 1861. Died from wounds rec'd at Kene-
saw Mt. July 14, 1864.
Daniel Sherry, enl. as Drummer March, 28, 1864. Mustered out with the

Reg.
Paul Hauser, enl. Nov. 6, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Feb. 12, 1865.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Carl Knapp, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Adam Leonhardt, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.

COMPANY B.

Charles Moritz, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. H Sept. 6, 1861. Prom, to Capt.

Co. B Feb. 8. 1862. Mustered out Dec. 31, 1864.
Fred. Ambrosius, enr. Sergt. Co. A Sept 6,1861. Prom, to 3d Lieut.

Co. B Feb. 8, 1868. Resigned July 11, 1863.
George Kraus, enl. Aug. 36, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept.

13, 1864.

COMPANY O.

John H. Freriche, enl. Aug. 15, 1861, Co. A. Prom, to 3d Lieut. Co. 0
April 1, 1862, and to 1st Lieut Co. E Oct. 8, 1862.

COMPANY D.

Philip Branat, enl. Sept. 3, 1861.

John Goetz, enl. Sept. 6, 1661.

Bernhard Muehlemann, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.

Wendolin Nickenhauer, enl. Sept. 5, 1861.

Charles Renold, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 .

Friederiok H. Rehwinkel, enr. as Capt. Sept. 8, 1861. Resigned Oct. 10,
1862.

Adblph C. Kessinger, enr. as 1st Lieut Sept. 3, 1861. Promoted to Capt.
April 19, 1863. Resigned Dec. 20, 1862.

Paul Wittrich, enr. as 3d Lieut. Sept. 3, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut.
Co F Feb. 28, 1862, and to Capt. Co. E Oct. 8, 1863. Killed at Ken-
esaw Mt. July 28, 1864.

John H. Freriche, enr. Co. A Aug. 15. Trausf. to Co. E as 1st Lieut.
Oct. 8, 1863, to Co. I Jan. 1. 1863.

Julius Scheldt, enr. 1st Sergt. Sept. SO, 1861. Prom, to 3d Lieut. Co. E
April 19, 1868. Resigned Nov. 29, 1863.

FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY.

105

COMPANY T.

Anton Vallendar, enr. as Capt. Aug. 1 , 1861. Resigned March 81, 1862.
Enr. as Capt. Co. H, lasth Reg. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the
Co. Sept. 25, 1865.
George Boehm, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. A, Aug. 15, 1861. Prom, to Capt.

Co. F, March 31, 1862, Mustered out Jan. 4, 1865.

Anton Peterson, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 22, 1861. Resigned Feb. 6, 1862.

Herman Burlthardt, enr. as Corp. Sept. 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt.

Jan. i, 1864, and to 1st Lieut. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered outwith Reg.

Paul Wittrich, enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. E, Sept. 2, 1861. Prom. 1st Lieut. Co.

F, Feb. 28, 1862. Transf. to Co. E, Oct. 8, 1862.
Anton Stoppel, enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. H, Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted 1st

Lieut. Co. F, May 28, 1862, Resigned Oct. 19, 1862.
Louis E. Lambert, enr, as Corp, Sept. 25, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt.
Co. D; to 2nd Lieut. Co. F, June 22, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Co. G, April
29, 1864; to Adjt. July 25, 1864.
Albert Bauer, enl . Sept. 23,1861. Talienprisoner near Atlanta, Ga,, July

22, 1864.
John Bergsiclcer, enl. Sept 19, 1661. Killed at Vicksburg, Miss., May 19,

186-3.
Jacob Dorr, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Died July 2, 1863, from wounds received

in action near Vicksburg May 22, 1863 .
Charles Fehlber, enl . Sept . 30, 1861 . Taken prisoner July 22, 1864 . Ex-
changed Nov., 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Frederick Gampellar, enl. Sept, 15, 1861, Disch. for disability Jan . 19,

1863.
David Granger, enl. Sept. 24. 1861. Died May 19, 1862 from wounds re-
ceived at Princeton, W. Va., May 17.
Christian Greb, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg, Miss., May

22, 186-3.
Anthony Junker, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. for

disability Sept. 30, 1884.
William Lohr, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1864, and

to 1st Sergt, May 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Henry Rothman, enl. Sept. 13, 1861. Disch, tor disability Sept, 13, 1862.
John Simon, enl . Sept. 26, 1861 . Died May 25, 1862, from wounds received

at Princeton, W. Va,, May 17.
John Schmidt, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Wounded at Princeton, W. Va., May

17, 1862. Taken prisoner near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864.
Anton Vanholz, enl. Sept. 28, 1861 . Disch . for disability Jan. 24, 1863.
Adam Wicker, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Taken prisoner near Atlanta, Ga.,

July 22, 1864. Died at Lawton, Ga.
Jacob Zipp, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Disch, for disability Jan. 24, 1865.
Philip Zipp, enl. Sept. 29, 1861. Disch. for disabihty Jan, 18, 1863.
George Ganson, enr, as Musician, April 11, 1864. Taken prisoner near

Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Exchanged Nov. — , 1864.
Constantine Armbruster, enl. March 28, 1864. Wounded near Dallas,

Ga., June 1, 1864. Disch. for disability June 22, 1865.
Gustav Lambert, enl. March 31, 1864. Detailed for special duty in the
Eng. Dep. March 14, 1865. Mustered out July 29, 1865.

COMPANY G.

Louis B. Lambert, transf. to Co. G, April 29, 1864, to Adj. July 24, 1861,
to C ipt. Co. G, Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out with Reg. Aug, 7, 1865.

August .Miltman, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Dec. 12,
1863.

COMPANY H.

Charles Messner, enr, as Capt. Aug. 26, 1861. Resigned Nov. 16, 1862.
Charles Moritz, enr. aslstLieut. Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Co. B,

Feb. 8, 1862.
Anton Stoppel, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut..

Co. F, May 28, 1862.
Julius Scheldt, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 30, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

Co. E, April 19, 1862.
Jacob Spickert, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 12, 1831. Disch. Jan. 14, 1863.
Jtohn I. Hoffman, enr. as Corp. Oct. 16, 1861, Mustered out with the Reg.

Aug. 7, 1865.
John Dittman, enl . Sept. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
John Christian, enl. Sept . 16, 1861. Disch. for disability April 10, 1863.
Henry Detgen, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 14, 1863.
August Eckert, enl. Sept. 25, 1861 . Disch. for disabihty Oct. 7, 1862.
Adam Flury, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Franz Frey. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
PhiUp Heck, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Killed at Walnut Hills, Miss., May 19,

1863
August Heidter, enl. Sept. 24, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg.
John Held, enl. Sept. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability July 18, 1862.
Joseph Kaestle, enl . Sept . 8, 1861 , Disch . for disability July 21, 1861 .
Christian Kanel, enl. Sept. 28, 1861. Disch. for disabUlty Jan. 13, 1863.
WilBam Knecht, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 27, 1864.
Theobald Laubscher, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Discharged at end of term

Sept. 30, 1864.
John Lieber, enl. Sept, 24 1861. Disch. for disability Feb. 26, 1868. .
Paul Lehrman, enl. Sept. 16, 1861 . Disch. for disability July 26, 1862.
Philip Meyer, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 12, 1863.
Conrad Oswald, enlisted Oct. 8, 1861. Killed at Walnut Hills, Miss., May

22, 1863.

John Schultz, enl. Oct. 16, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg.
Charles Schlee, enl. Sept. 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Gustav Schulienj enl, Sept. 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. July 25, 1862.

Discharged April 5, 1865.
Matthias Sohwertle, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 13, 1864.
Henry Schelke, enl . Sept. 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg .
John Schelke, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Edward Seller, enl. Sept . 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg .
George Spickert, enl. Sept. 12,1861. Wounded and captured May 1,

1862. Was released and discharged for disability Dec. 22, 1862.
Philip Spies, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded May 22,1863, Disch, for

disability caused by wound Deo. 18, 1863 .
Ernst Tegto, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan 14, 1863.
Friederich Zitzelmann, enl . Oct. 2, 1851. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1,

1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
John Melcher, enl . March 26, 1864 . Detached for service at Camp Chase

Feb. 23,1865.
Henry Stegkamper, enl. March 26, 1864. Wounded at Kenesaw Mt.,

Ga., June 27, 1864. Left sick in Hosp. at Troy, N. Y., April 30, 1865.
Basil Schwantz, enl. Sept. 27, 1861.

John Fasnacht, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 14 1868.
Joseph Maryne, enl. Sept. 24, 1861. Wounded and captured May 17,

1863. Released and disch. for disability Jan. 12, 1863.
John Spohn, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disablity Oct. 9, 1862.
John Rother, enr. as Corp. Sept. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Andreas Kolaetzkowski, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. Disch. Jan. 13, 1863.

COMPANY I.

John H. Freriche, enr. Aug. 15, 1861, Co. A. Transf. to Co. I as 1st

Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863, Resigned Sept. 24, 1864.
Justus Becker, enl. Sept, 23, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept 1,1863.
George Henkel, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Aug. 7,

1865.
George Scheelhas, enl. Sept. 26, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 12, 1862.

COMPANY K.

George Eichhom, enl. Nov. 7, 1861. Disch. at end of term Jan. 26, 1865.
Alois Lieb, enl. Nov. 7, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg. Miss., May 19, 1868.
George Schneeberger, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Aug. 7, 1865,

CHAPTER XXI.

FOKTY-FIBST INFANTRY.

Its Origin-The Cuyahoga Delegation— Service in Kentucky--Pittsburg
Landing— An Accident-A Rebel Charge and Repulse-Through Mid-
dle Tennessee to Kentucky -Back in Tennessee- Stone River— Await-
ing an Attack— "Fire"— A Desperate Conilict— The Next Day—
Through the River under Fire— Silencing a Battery— Battle of Chicka-
mauga— The Opening Fire— Bayonet Charges— Changing Front-
Desperate Fighting with Rifles— Surrounded and Driven Back— The
Last Volley— Battle of Orchard Knob— A Splendid Dash— Mission
Ridge— Miles of Soldiers— Pushing up the Heights— A Squad captures
a Battery— Seizing other Artillery-'-Old Pap Thomas "—The Loss of
the Forty-flrst— Off to Knoxville— Large Re-enlistment— Furlough-
Battle of Pickett's Mills— An Attack and a Defeat— Pine Top Mountain
—Frequent Conflicts— After Hood— Battle of Franklin— Battle of Nash-
ville—A Lively Charge— Capture of Four Guns— Service in Texas-
Mustered out.

When the battle of Bull Run disclosed the strength
and vigor of the rebellion, several prominent citizens
of Cleveland set about raising a new regiment, in ad-
dition to the already large number of men which Ohio
had placed in the field. It was named the Forty-first
Ohio Infantry, and Captain William B. Hazen, of
the Eio-hth United States Infantry, was appointed its
coloneh There were, during the war, three hundred
and ninety-six men from Cuyahoga county in its
ranks. Every company contained some of that num-
ber. Companies E, F and D had respectively ninety-
three, ninety and eighty-four members from this
county, while the other companies were represented
by various numbers, from thirty-four in K, down to
eight in H.

106

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

The regiment was formed at Cleveland during the
autumn of 1861. In November it moved to Camp
Dennison, and thence, in the following month, to
Camp Wickliffe, sixty miles from Louisville, Ken-
tucky, where it remained through the winter. Here
Colonel Hazen was placed in command of a brigade,
consisting of the Forty-first Ohio, the Forty-sixth and
Forty-seventh Indiana aod the Sixth Kentucky. On
the first of February, the brigade went down the Ohio
and up the Cumberland to Nashville, and thence, on
the 17th of March, with the bands all playing "St.
Patrick's Day," it set out with Buell's army for Pitts-
burg Landing.

At six o'clock in the afternoon of the sixth of
April, it reached a point on the Tennessee river,
opposite the landing, whence the thunder of battle
rolled in terrific volume over the water and far away
among the hills. Having been ferried over the stream
in a little steamer, the brigade proceeded up the bank
among a host of stragglers, so numerous that the men
were obliged to make their way through them in sin-
gle file, all apparently eager to excuse their own re-
treat by, exaggerating the strength of the enemy.

"You'll catch it on the hill," said one; "I am
the only man left of my company," declared another;
" This little squad is all there are alive of our regi-
ment/' said two or three more with united voices.
Amid these discouraging greetings the Forty-first
pressed on, and at nine o'clock took up the position
assigned it, where it lay all night in a driving
rain. The next day the brigade was held in reserve
until a late hour (our informant, Capt. McMahan,
thinks it was about two o'clock), when it was
ordered into an advanced position, and directed to
hold it.

The artillery was playing freely, and while the men
were waiting, and as Colonel Hazen was sitting on
his horse close beside them, a spent six-pound cannon
ball rolled up one of the hind legs of the horse of the
colonel's bugler, and went six feet in air over the head
of the latter. The man of music naturally dodged
T?ery suddenly to avoid the returning projectile, and
a shout of laughter went up from the men at the
oddity of the whole proceeding.

Their merriment, however was soon stopped by the
advance of the i-ebels, who came on at full speed,
yelling, "Bull Run!" "Bull Run!" The Union-
ists received them with a murderous volley, and
General Nelson or Colonel Hazen ordered a charge.
The men dashed forward through the ojDen woodland,
firing as they went, and soon gave the rebels a taste
of Bull Run reversed. The brigade drove the rebels
back beyond their fortifications and captured their
guns. Being, however, then far beyond its support,
it was in turn obliged to retire to its former line,
where it re-formed and held the position.

It was during this retreat that Colonel Hazen was
separated from the brigade, a fact whicli has been
made an excuse for malicious attacks against him,
resulting in the late court-martial of General Stanley,

and in the pending civil action against him, brought
by General Hazen. Captain ilcMahon, the officer
before referred to, declares that Colonel (now General)
Hazen accompanied his brigade in the charge with
great gallantry, and the separation was so brief as to
have escaped the notice of the men.

The fighting during the charge was of the most
desperate kind, one hundred and forty-one out of
four hundred and fifty men in the regiment hav-
ing been killed or wounded in half an hour, while
three officers and three soldiers who successively car-
ried the colors were disabled in the same time.

After taking part in the siege of Corinth, Hazen's
brigade marched to central Tennessee, and thence
proceeded under Buell, almost side by side with
Bragg's rebel army, to Louisville. At Perryville it
was not heavily engaged, but was in the advance in
the pursuit of the enemy after that battle. At Pitt-
man's Cross Roads General Hazen pushed forward
the Forty-first through darkness blacker than Egypt
until nine o'clock at night, driving the rebels from
their supper, which was very speedily dispatched by
the Unionists, as they had not eaten anything since
early in the morning.

After dri ving the enemy as far as Wild Cat mountain,
Crittenden's Corps, of which the Forty-first formed a
part, returned to Nashville. On the 39 th of Novem-
ber Col. Hazen was aj^pointed a brigadier general of
volunteers, and Lt. Col. Wiley succeeded him in the
colonelcy. In December, 1863, Gen. Rosecrans, who
had succeeded to the command of the army, prepared
to advance against Bragg, and on the 29th of that
month the corps marched to within two miles of
Murfreesboro. Some maneuvers took place on the
30th, and at one o'clock in the morning of the 31st
the Forty-first Ohio was stationed in an open field a
short distance from the enemy. Before daylight Gen.
Rosecrans' order was i-ead to them, declaring that the
nation and the world had its eyes upon them, and
adjuring them to use every effort to win the day.

At this time " Cowan's House," four hundred yards
in front of them, was all on fire; and as the resonant
voice of the adjutant repeated the order, while the
distant flames threw occasional flickerings on the grim
faces of the soldiers, they grasped their rifles with the
stern look of men determined to win or die, and
awaited the order to advance. At daylight it came,
and, preceded by a strong skirmish line, the brigade
moved rapidly forward, the Forty-first Ohio and
Sixth Kentucky in the first line, and the Ninth In-
diana and One Hundred and Tenth Illinois in the
second one.

On reaching the line of the burning house heavy
firing was heard at the front and rear, indicating that
the enemy was outflanking them. Col. Wiley gave
the command, "Change half front to the rear on
tenth company," and it was executed amid the fast-
dropping bullets as coolly as if on parade. The enemy
advanced in two columns. His infantry was supported
by artillery, but the latter was soon rendered useless

FORTY-FIEST INPANTEY.

]07

by Cottrell's battery, which killed all the horses of
the rebel battery and blew up the caissons. Gen.
Hazen and Col. Wiley sat on their horses directly in
rear of the colors of the Forty-first. As the enemy
approached, Col. W. inquired:

"Shall I fire on them?"

"Not yet," replied the general.

When the first rebel line reached the burning house,
General Hazen said:

" Now, Colonel, give them a volley." The colonel's
voice rang out clear and calm :

"Attention, battalion! Ready! Aim! Fire!" The
crash of four hundred rifles responded to the last
word, when the whole rebel line fell to the ground
"as if they had been shot." The greater part of
them, however, soon sprang up and opened a rapid
deadly fire. The Forty-first responded with equal
zeal, and continiied the conflict until they had fired
away all of the eighty rounds of ammunition with
which they were provided. Gen. Hazen then ordered
the regiment to the rear to cool and clean the guns,
bringing up the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois to
take its place.

Scarcely had the Forty-first been supplied with
ammunition and got ready for action again, when
it was announced that the rebels were drivmg every-
thing on the right and the regiment was sent to stop
them. Lying on the ground the men began firing at
the enemy two hundred yards distant, when a line of
Union artillery behind them began to fire over their
heads at the same mark. Burning wads and grains
of powder fell thick among them. This was too
much of a good thing, and Ool. Wiley prevailed on
the artillery to cease firing until the Forty-first
could be stationed in rear of the guns. This position
was firmly held in spite of the most furious attacks
by the Confederates. Later in the day the Forty-
first was ordered to the left to guard a ford by Gen.
Eosecrans in person, where it suffered severely from
the rebel batteries.

The next day, New Year's, 1863, the Forty-first
was held in reserve during the greater part of the
day. A hundred pieces of artillery were massed
by Gen. Eosecrans, and when the rebels came in
front of the line they were mowed down by hundreds
by blasts of grape, canister and shrapnel. Mean-
while, however, they were driving back Van Cleve's
division on the left. Gen. Hazen came up to this
regiment at a gallop a little after four o'clock and or-
dered the men to double quick after him. On reacli-
ing Stone river, they found the rest of the brigade,
all trying to get across the stream first. The general
formed his four regiments in line, pushed forward at
a double quick, and easily easily drove back the foe.

One battery kept up its fire, when Gen. Hazen ad-
vanced with the Forty-first alone to within three
hundred yards, and delivered a well aimed volley. It
was so destructive that the battery immediately re-
tired from its position. Night soon after came on,
and the next day Gen. Bragg and his army retired in

hot haste from the scene of their defeat. During
the battle the regiment had a hundred and twelve
officers and men killed and wounded out of four hun-
dred and twelve with which it went into the fight.

From the 10th of January to the 34th of June,
1863, the regiment was encamped most of the time at
Eeadyville, twelve miles from Murfreesboro', though
making occasional excursions against the enemy. At
the last mentioned date it removed from Eeadyville,
and on the 15th of August advanced with the army
toward Chattanooga. After taking part in the labori-
ous marches incident to the movement, the Forty-
first found itself on the night of the 18th of Septem-
ber on the bank of Chickamauga creek, near Gordon's
Mills.

Lt. McMahan was in command of the picket of the
Forty-first, and late in the morning of the 19th he
was ordered to form his picket as skirmishers and
move forward. He did so and was followed by the
regiment; the rest of the brigade being aligned on
either side of the Forty-fli-st. About 11 o'clock the
skirmishers came out into an open field, at the farther
edge of which was a line of rebels who opened fire on
them. The lieutenant ordered his men to double
quick across the field, but when about half way across
heard the stentorian voice of Col. Wiley thunder
"Halt!" Looking around he saw the regiment at
the edge of the field with their rifles at an aim.

"Lie down!" shouted the lieutenant, and the
men were glad enough to obey, when a volley of
bullets swept over them into the ranks of the foe.
The skirmishers were obliged to make their way back
to the lines on their hands and knees. The regiment
held this position until near four o'clock in the after-
noon, firing all its ammunition. Twice the rebels
charged it with the bayonet; both times the gal-
lant Forty-first met them with a counter charge and
both times the assailants broke and fled within thirty
feet of the Union bayonets.

At the time last mentioned the regiment was re-
lieved and marched to a piece of timber, where it
was supplied with ammunition. The men were as
hungry for it as so many wolves. They filled not
only their cartridge boxes, but all their pockets and
the waists of their blouses above the belts; every man
providing himself with at least one hundred rounds.
Scarcely had they done so when heavy firing was
heard on the right, and the Forty-first was ordered
thither on the double quick by General Hazen, to
support General Van Oleve.

The man were placed on the right of the second line
and when the first gave way were vigorously assailed
by a heavy force of the enemy. They delivered a
rapid succession of well-aimed volleys, while General
Hazen handled a battery in person, and thus their
front was kept clear. Ere long, however, the rebels
made their way around the unprotected right flank of
the Forty-first, and soon the gallant regiment was
almost surrounded by the foe. The bullets came on
every side, and for the only time in their military

108

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

experience the men of the Forty-first ran at the top
of their speed to escape from the enemy. They were
not, however, entirely broken up; they loaded as they
ran, and on reaching a convenient hill a stand was
made, and by the help of artillery the rebel advance
was checked.

The men worked hard a large part of the night,
rolling Tip logs to form a barricade. At nine o'clock,
the morning of the 20th, the rebels charged them,
but their log defense was found impregnable, and the
assailants were repulsed with great loss. Other at-
tempts of the same kind were made during the day,
but always with the sanie result, and late in the
afternoon Hazen's brigade still held its position. But
its ammunition was nearly all expended, its com-
rades of the center and left had all been driven
back, and it was separated by an interval of a
mile, swarming with rebel sharpshooters, from the
right under General Thomas, which still held its
ground. General Hazen led his brigade safely across
the dangerous gap, and formed it on the left of
Thomas' line. When the rebels made their last
assault Hazen's regiments, one after the other, deliv-
ered their withering volleys, aiding in the complete
repulse of the enemy, which enabled the veterans of
Thomas to retire from the position they had so des-
perately defended. After dark the remnant of the
army retreated a short distance, and the next night
retired to Chattanooga. Of all who took part in this
disastrous conflict, none did better and many did
worse than Hazen's brigade and the Forty-first Ohio
Infantry.

On the arrival of General Grant the army was re-
organized, and the Forty-first became part of a brig-
ade, still commanded by General Hazen, consisting
besides itself of the First and Ninety-third Ohio,
the Fifth Kentucky and the Sixth Indiana, being as-
signed to the Fourth Corps, under General Granger.
When Grant was ready to begin operations, the deli-
cate and hazardous task of leading the advance was as-
signed to Hazen's brigade. Long before light on the
morning of the 27th of October, the brigade em-
barked on pontoons at Chattanooga, and glided silent-
ly down the river. Unseen and unheard the men
passed beneath the enemy's pickets stationed far above
them on the river bluffs,and, though discovered at the
moment of landing, succeeded in gaining a foothold
on the shore, and establishing themselves on hights
from which they could not be driven.

They remained in this vicinity nearly a month,
while the final preparations were made for a grand
advance. On the 23d of November the brigade
moved forward on a reconnoisance. On a small ridge
known as Orchard Knob, between Chattanooga and
Mission Ridge it was received with a heavy fire,
and perceived a line of intrenchments on the top of
the hill. The Forty-first dashed forward in the ad-
vance, and gained the top of the hill. About fifty
paces in front of the enemy's works, the fight was
fierce beyond description. More than half the men

were killed and wounded. The horses of Colonel
Wiley and Lieut. Col. Kimberly were killed under
them, but those gallant officers dashed forward on
foot, and the little battalion charged into the rebel
works, and took them at the point of the bayonet,
capturing the colors of the Twenty-eighth Alabama
Infantry and more men than the Forty-first had at
the end of the conflict.

Owing to the small number engaged this battle
makes little show in history, yet it is remembered by
the survivors of the Forty-first as the hardest fight
in which they were engaged throughout their long
and arduous service. Soon after it was over. General
Thomas, passing that way and viewing the ground,
expressed his thanks to the regiment through Colonel
Wiley, in the warmest manner. "It was a gallant
thing, Colonel, a very gallant thing," said the veteran,
known to be as chary of his praise as any chieftan
that ever bore command.

On the 24th of November the Forty-first, from its
hardly-earned position watched the "Battle above
the Clouds," on Lookout Mountain. On the 25th
came the great- bat tie of Mission Ridge, probably, con-
sidering the strength of the enemy's position, the
numbers engaged and the completeness of the Union
victory, the most remarkable ever fought in America,
and one of the most remarkable to be found in the
annals of war, in either ancient or modern times.

At four o'clock the expectant army heard the con-
certed signal, six shots fired in rapid succession from
a battery of twelve-pound Parrots guns. "Forward! "
shouted Hazen; "forward!" repeated the field and
line officers; and forward went the men, few in
numbers, but stronger in warlike enthusiasm with
each succeeding battle. As they reached the farther
crest of Orchard Knob they saw the valley between
that and Mission Ridge, from a half to three-quarters
of a mile wide-spread out before them, while beyond
frowned the Gibraltar-like hights they were ordered
to capture. Extending for miles on either side were
to be seen the lines of blue-coated soldiers, all press-
ing forward in the same direction.

Descending into the valley they came under the
rebel artillery fire, many of the men falling at every
step, but still the line swept forward, urged on by the
officers, and at the foot of the ridge they captured
the first line of the enemy's works with scarcely an
effort. They could not remain there long, however,
under the murderous fire to which they were subjected.
Here Col. Wiley received a wound which I'esulted in
the loss of his leg, and Lt. Col. Kimberly took com-
mand of the regiment. Then came the tug of war.
Hazen ordered his brigade up the mountain; and on
either side brigades, divisions and corps pressed for-
ward up the same rugged pathway to glory or the
grave.

The Forty-first, as ever, was well to the front in
this herculean task. Col. Kimberly gallantly led on
his men. Lts. James McMahan and George C. Dodge,
Jr., both of Cleveland, were together as the regiment

FOETY-FIEST INFANTEY.

]09

started up the hill. On went the broken but invinci-
ble line up the rocky steep, through an awful storm of
grape, canister and musketry the men climbing and
shooting as best they could. In twenty minutes they
gained the top of the ridge, when their fire was prin-
cipally directed against the batteries of the enemy,
which were soon compelled to retire before the deadly
flre of the northern riflemen. Lt. McMahan came
out nearly in front of a rebel battery, which was pour-
ing death into the ranks of the Unionists. The men
were of course much broken by the rugged steeps
over which they had passed. Seeing a long log, how-
ever, lying near the stump from which it had been
cut, and which he thought might serve as a rallying
point, he gathered the men as fast as they came up,
and made them lie down behind the log until he had
twelve or fifteen packed as close as they could lie
conveniently, while he himself took post behind the
stump. Then he ordered them to load and fire as
fast as possible at the a)-tillerists of the battery before
mentioned. In a sliort time nearly all of them were
killed or wounded. Then the lieutenant rushed out
with his squad captured the battery and turned its fire
on the enemy. Other batteries were seized at various
points along the line and used in the same manner.
Mr. Pratt, now of the Eighteenth ward of Cleveland,
was one of those engaged in this novel logging-bee,
and corroborates the statement above made. It was
this or a very similar exploit which was thus described
in Eeid's History of "Ohio in the War:"

"A squad of the Forty-first seized a battery, almost
before the rebels were away from it, turned it to the
right and discharged it directly along the summit of
the ridge, where the enemy in front of Newton's
division still stubbornly held out; and, as the shells
went skimming along in front of and among them,
the rebels turned and fled."

Yet not without many a desperate effort to recover
the ground. About a hundred of them suddenly
came charging upon the right of the Forty-first.
The men were much scattered, but Major Williston
got together about a hundred and drove the assail-
ants down the hill, where they were soon "gobbled
up" by the swarming Unionists.

The soldiers, having now got complete possession
of the rebel works, began shooting the artillery teams
as the unlucky Confederates endeavored to remove
their cannon to the rear. The horses dropped rapidly
and the artillerists took to their heels, leaving the guns
as a prize to the victors. The men of Hazen's brigade
captured no less than twenty-seven guns and dragged
them to the general's headquarters, though that
officer good-naturedly allowed nine of them to be
claimed and taken away by other commands.

G-en. Wood, the division commander, was highly
elated, and came riding among the men, saying:
"Boys, you shall have an extra cracker apiece for
this;" an extra cracker, in those days of short rations,
being no unworthy emblem of gratitude. Then came
Thomas, "Old Pap Thomas," as the men afEection-

14 a

ately called him, and they gathered in delighted
crowds to cheer their favorite commander. The vic-
tory was won at a loss to the Forty-first of a hundred
and fifteen men killed and wounded. This was a
very heavy loss in the already depleted condition of
the regiment, and there were but few of the men who
remained entirely unhurt after the two battles of the
23d and 25Lh of November, 1863.

Scarcely was the great victory of Mission Eidge
gained than the Forty-first, with the rest of the
Fourth corps, was ordered to Knoxville. Communi-
cations had been much interrupted, and the command
suffered especially for lack of shoes. Long before
reaching Knoxville half of the men of the Forty-
first would have been barefooted, had it not been for
the improvised coverings of cowskin and sheepskin in
which they wrapped their feet, and in which they
strove bravely on over the frozen ground to Clinch
mountain, twenty miles northeast of Knoxville, which
they reached in the latter part of December.

Here the proposition reached them from Washing-
ton to re-enlist as veterans, and never was the extra-
ordinary heroism, fortitude and patriotism of the
American volunteer more proudly shown than on
this occasion. Out of more than a thousand gallant
men who had gone forth from pleasant homes to
battle for their county, disease and the bullet had
spared but a hundred and eighty-eight, and even of
these probably a majority had been wounded one or
more times. Their suSerings on the march to Clinch
mountain have just been mentioned, yet when, amid
the cold and rain and sleet of a Tennessee winter,
they were asked to re-enlist, a hundred and eighty out
of a hundred and eighty-eight bound themselves to
three years more of service — and such service — in
their country's cause.

The regiment reaehed Cleveland on veteran furlough
on the 2d of February, 1864, obtained about a hun-
dred recruits, and in the latter part of March returned
to East Tennessee. The two hundred and eighty
men of which the regiment was composed were now
united with the few remaining men of the First Ohio,
and consolidated into a battalion, commanded by
Lieut. Col. Kimberly.

In April the Forty-first entered on Sherman's great
Atlanta campaign; being warmly engaged at Eocky
Face Eidge and at Eesaca.

On the 27th of May the battalion was hotly en-
gaged in the conflict called variously the battle of
Pickett's Mill, the battle of Pumpkin Vine Creek,
and the battle near Dallas. At 9 a.m., the command
was halted, and three companies, commanded respec-
tively by Lieutenants Dodge, McMahan and Cobb,
moved forward as skirmishers under charge of Major
Williston. They had gone scarcely a hundred yards
into the woods when one of the men was killed. As
Lieut. McMahan, standing on a small limb, was feel-
ing his pulse to see if he was really dead, a bullet
broke the limb between the officer's feet. Immedi-
ately afterwards the skirmishers were ordered to move

110

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

by the right flank at a double quick, but after a brief
excursion in the vicinity of the rebel works, they were
ordered back to the brigade.

About four o'clock p.m., the Forty-first, the
Ninety-third and the One Hundred and Twenty-
fourth Ohio moved forward to attack the enemy's
right; the Forty-first in the center. After receiving
a murderous volley from the intrenched foe, they
charged through a ravine, and endeavored to capture
the works on the opposite side. They were only able
to get within about twenty yards of the foe, where
they halted, obtained such cover as they could and kept
up a hot fire on the enemy. Six or eight lines came
to their relief, but only two got as far forward as
the men of the Forty-first, and none could go any
farther. Lieut. McMahau with two companies,
Lieut. Dodge with one company, and Oapt. Hazard
with two companies, remained there until half past
eight when the battalion was withdrawn. In this
affair the Forty-first had a hundred and eight men
killed and wounded out of two hundred and sixty.

At Pine Top mountain, near Kenesaw, the bat-
talion was ordered to dislodge a detachment of the
enemy, strongly fortified in a log farm-house and out-
buildings. With that vim which no losses could ever
subdue, the Forty-first went forward on the double-
quick and drove out the rebels at the point of the
bayonet.

About this time the Forty-first ceased to be what it
had so long been, a part of " Hazen's brigade;" that
general being made the commander of a division.
The new brigade commander was Colonel 0. H.
Payne, of Cleveland, colonel of the One Hundred and
Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry.

It would be impracticable to relate all the conflicts
in which the battalion was engaged in this remarka-
ble campaign, for the ground was contested inch by
inch, and the whole route from Chattanooga to At-
lanta was scarcely less than one long battle-field.

On the 28th of July the battalion, being deployed
as skirmishers in front of the rebel lines at Atlanta,
and seeing what they thought a good chance, made a
dash through a ravine, across an open field and into
the rebel breastworks, where they captured a number
of prisoners and drove out the rest in a perfect
rout.

A day or two later the brigade was sent around to
the east of Atlanta at night. The next morning it
tore up some ten miles of the Montgomery railroad,
and then proceeded to the southern road, about fif-
teen or twenty miles from Atlanta. At midnight a
tremendous noise was heard, and the whole command
sprang to arms, thinking that General Hood or an
earthquake was upon them. After waiting a consider-
able time and finding that nothing farther happened,
the men at length somewhat doubtingly returned
to their beds, or rather to their blankets, for these
were generally the soldier's only couch. It was soon
learned that the sound came fi'om the explosion of
some eighty car loads of ammunition, blown up by

Hood when he evacuated Atlanta, to keep it from fall-
ing into the hands of the " Yankees."

As Hood moved north, a heavy force, of which the
Fourth corps formed a part, followed fast in his rear.
Far across an intervening valley the men watched the
desperate fight of Corse at Allatoona, when with his
little force he obeyed the signal " Hold the fort,"
and repulsed the legions of Hood. Then they pro-
ceeded to Galesville, whence a portion of the pursuing
force returned to take part in the "March to the
Sea," while the Fourth corps continued its north-
ward course. It proceeded by way of Chattanooga to
Athens, Alabama, where a hundred and sixty-four
conscripts and substitutes Joined the battalion. The
command went on to Pulaski, and thence to Colum-
bia.

Near here Hood's army approached so near that the
Fourth and Twenty-third corps were obliged to go
into line of battle. They went on at night to Spring
Hill; the Forty-first marching past a long line of
camp fires, a few hundred yards distant, which were
supposed to belong to the Unionists but which in
reality were those of a rebel corps. Some of the men,
approaching these fires too closely, were captured by
the Confederates bivouacked around them. From
Spring Hill to Franklin the Forty-first was the train-
guard of the army. It skirmished with the enemy
nearly all the way, and being very much exhausted
was not required to take part in the battle of
Franklin.

Then they went to Nashville, and after two weeks
spent in building fortifications 'and making prepara-
tions, Gen. Thomas took the offensive against Hood.
At daylight on the 15th of December, 1864, the
Forty-first was deployed as a double line of skir-
mishers and placed behind a stone wall in front of
the enemy's rifle pits, on the "Granny White" turn-
pike. Skirmish firing was kept up till about eight
o'clock, when the fiery valor of the Forty-first could
no longer be restrained. The men jumped over the
wall, dashed across an open field three hundred
yards wide under a heavy fire of musketry, captured
the rifie pits of the enemy, pushed on over a knoll
and drove the rebels from their breastworks at the
point of the bayonet, capturing two pieces of ar-
tillery. The battalion fortified its position and
remained until four o'clock in the afternoon, when it
was relieved; the main line moving forward and the
rebels retreating.

The next day the Forty-first was again sent forward
as skirmishers, to cover the advance of the right of
the troops. Coming to a large rebel fortification,
covered in front by an abatis, they endeavored as
usual to capture it, but were checked by a murder-
ous fire from a large rebel force. Some of the
skirmishers penetrated the abatis, and Private Klein-
haus leaped alone into the rebel breastworks. The
information we have received from Captain McMahan
ceases at this point, for, while he was endeavoring to
lead forward a detachment of colored troops whom

FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY.

Ill

he found without a commander, the good fortune
which had attended him through a score of battles
deserted him, and he was twice severely wounded.

Colonel Kimberly, who commanded the battalion,
finding that the line of battle could not be advanced,
ordered his skirmishers to withdraw. Several of
them, however, being inside of the abatis, covered
themselves as well as they could and waited till the
enemy was broken on the right, when he withdrew
from the works in front. They then sprang forward,
capturing a few prisoners, two battle-flags, and no
less than four pieces of artillery. The captured can-
non were marked with the name of the Forty-first
Ohio by order of the chief of artillery, and the men
who took the flags. Sergeant Garnett, of Company G,
and Private Holcomb, of Company A, were sent with
them to Washington by General Thomas.

After the victory of Nashville the battalion partici-
pated in the pursuit of Hood, but was not called on
to do any more hard fighting. In June, 1865, it
started from Nashville for Texas by steamer. Near
Cairo the vessel was accidentally sunk by a gunboat,
with nearly all the personal property of oflacers and
men, but without loss of life. After a few months
service near San Antonio, the battalion returned to
Columbus, Ohio, where it was discharged on the 26th
of November, 1865, after a service of over four years,
unsurpassed in hardships, in dangers and in triumphs
by that of any other organization in the United States
army.

MEMBERS FKOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

John J. Wiseman, enr. as Lieut. Col. Aug. 7, 1861. Resigned March 1,

1862.
George S. Mygatt, enr. as Major Aug. 7, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col.

March 1, 1862. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862.
Robert L. Kimberly, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 27, 1861. Promoted to 1st

Lieut. Jan. 21, 1862, to Capt. March 17, 1862, to Major Nov. 20, 1862, to

Lieut. Col. Jan. 1, 1863, to Col. 191 Inf. and Brig. Gen. by brevet,
Ephraim S. HoUoway, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co.F.Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted

to Capt. Sept. 8, 1862, to Major Dec. 6, 1864, to Lieut. Col. March 18,

1865, and to Col. May 31, 1865. Mustered out with Reg.
Junius R. Sanford, enr. as Adj't. Aug. 23, 1861. Made 1st Lieut. Aug.

25 1861. Resigned Jan. 13, 1862. Afterwards in 128th Reg.
George J. A. Thompson, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8,

1862, to Sergt. Jan. 12, 1863, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 6, 1864, and to Adj't.

May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Wilham S. Chamberlain, enr. as Q. M. Aug. 34, 1861. Made 1st Lieut.

Aug. 25, 1861 . Resigned Dec. 10, 1861 .
Thomas G. Cleveland, enl. as Surg. Aug. 29, 1861. Resigned May 17,

1862.
Albert G. Hart, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept. 5, 1861, Promoted to Surg,

Aug. 30, 1862. Resigned Nov. 5, 1864.
Osman A. Lyman, enr. as Chaplain Dec. 16, 1861. Resigned May 17, 1862.

NON-OOMMISaiONED STAFF.

Charles Colvin, enr. as Hosp. Steward, Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. at end of
term. Sept. 2-3, 1864.

COMMISSIOSED OFFIOEBS— COMPANY UNKNOWN.

Edwin B. Atwood, enr. Sergt, Maj. Sept, 19, 1861. Promoted to 2nd

Lieut. Jan. 21, 1862, to 1st Lieut. Sept. 8, 1863, to Capt. April 13, 1864. ■

Mustered out with the Reg.
Walter Blythe, enr. as Q. M, Sergt, Aug. 25, 1861, Promoted to 2nd

Lieut, April 13, 1862, to 1st Lieut, Oct, 1, 1862, Mustered out July

9, 1865.
William E. Booth, enr. as Com. Sergt, Sept, 21, 1861, Promoted to 2nd

Lieut, Sept, 9, 1862 and to 1st Lieut, May 29, 1863. Resigned Sept,

22, 1864, .

COMPANY A ,

Charles W. Hills, enr, as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861, Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

Jan, 1863, to 1st Lieut, April 13, 1864, Resigned Oct, 28, 1864.
Franlc McDonald, enl, Oct, 1, 186;3. Disch. May 16. 1865.
Archibald Slcinner, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch. May 19, 1865.
Daniel Bennett, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disability July 1, 1862.
Joseph M. Bennett, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability May 15, 1862
Morgan Hale, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 15, 1862.
Augustus F. Hills, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability May 11, 1863.
Hiram Keesler, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability, 1863.
Richard Worts, Jr,, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 29, 1865.
Julius A. Cutler, enr. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability, 1864.
W. J. Richmond, enl. Aug. 24, 1S61. Died at Mouud City April 13, 1862

frcm wounds received at Shiloh.
Christopher W. Gee, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 15, 1865.

COMPANY B.

Luther Ballart, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Died Nov. 30, 1863,
Lyman Harrington, enl, Aug. 16, 1862. Died Nov, 22, 1862,
Louis R, Bartlett, enl, Aug. 16, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865.
Charles W. Blakeslee, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch, for disability June 1,

1865.
Lewis A. Chamberlain, enl, Aug, 16, 1863. Disch. for disability May 18,

1865,
Henry Devoioe, enl. Sept. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability March 22, 1863.
John Goole, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Feb. 8, 1865.
Leonard P. Hammond, enl. Aug. 16, 1863, Mustered out June 13, 1865,
Christopher Kubbar, enl, Aug, 80, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865,
Charles P, Bail, enl, Aug, 30, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Nov, 6, 1862,

Mustered out June 13, 1865,
Orange Fisher, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch, April 18, 1863.
James M. Foster, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Mustsred out June 12, 1865.
L, Goult, enl, Aug, 30, 1863, Disch, for disability,
Shubal Nease, enl, Aug, 30, lh62. Mustered out June 13, 1865,
Addison Smith, enl, Aug, 30, 1863, Mustered out June 13, 1865,
E, M, Sanborn, enl, Aug, 37, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865.

COMPANY C,

H, S, Caswell, enl, Aug, 30, 1862, Died at Nashville Dec, 1, 1862.

William Weiker, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch. Jan, 17, 1863.

Edward Hillman, enl. Dec. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Dec. 15, 1862.

Died July 37, 1863, from wounds received at Fort Wagner, July 18th.
Abraham Bennett, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 24, 1862.
Saunders Cornwell, enr. as Musician Dec. 19, 1861. Disch. Oct. 8, 1862.
Charles Jenks, enl. Dec. 19, 1861. Transf. to 1st Penn. Battery Jan. 23,

1864.
Hiram L. Rounds, enl. Nov. 8. 4861. Disch. for disability May 8, 1862.
Sanford Russell, enl. Nov. 26, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct, 35, 1862.
Andrew Sherman, enl. Nov. 26, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 7,

1865.
Albert Russell, enl. Dec. 26, 1861, Promoted to Corporal Jan, 1, 1864.

Wounded Oct. 13, 1864. Disch. Oct. 31, 1865.

COMPANY D.

James H. Cole, enr. as Capt. Sept. 27, 1861. Resigned March 17, 1862.
Harvey E, Proctor, enr, as 1st Lieut, Sept. 37, 1861. Promoted to Capt.

Sept. 9, 1862. Made Chaplain March 1, 1862. Became, Major in a

Colored Reg,
Robert L. Kimberly. (See Field and Staff.)
George C. Dodge, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 2, 1861 Promoted to 2nd Lieut.

Jan. 1, 1863, to 1st Lieut, Oct, 12, 1864, and to Captain Nov. 28, 1864.

Resigned Dec. 27, 1864.
Lloyd A. Fisher, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 27, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut.

Nov. 20, 1862, and to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864. Hon. disch. May 27,

1864,
Charles Hammond, enr, as Corp, Oct 27, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. July 1,

1862; to 1st Sergt. March 2", 1864, and to 1st Lieut. March 28, 1865

Mustered out with Regt. 26th Nov. 1865.
Peter Herriff, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Prom. Corp. April 28, 1863; to Sergt.

March 25, 1864; to 2nd Lieut. April 28, 1865; and to 1st Lieut. June 1,

1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Anson B. Ward, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861.

Wounded Oct. 3o, 1863, Disch. Nov. 5, 1864, at end of service.
Daniel Trowbridge, enl. Sept, 3, 1861, Promoted to Corp, Sept. 27, 1861.

Died May 19, 1862, from wounds received at Shiloh April 7th.
James W. Ashborn, enl. Sept 3, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861.

Disch. near Mt. Pleasant, Tenn.
Abel P. Roscoe, enr. as Drummer Oct. 22, 1861. Disch. Aug. 4, 1865.
EnosPease, enr. asFifer, Oct. 27, 1881. Disch. April 30, 1863.
Edward Clifford enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 27, 1881.

Disch. near Springhill, Tenn
Elisha C. Woods, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. Oct. 22, 1862.
Henry M. BilUngs. enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 27, 1861.

Disch. July 11, 1863.
Burr Fisher, enr. as Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 12^

1862. Disch. Jan. 12, 1863,

112

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

William H. H. Flick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27,

1861. Wounded at Shiloh, April 7, 1863. Disch. Dec. 11, 1862.
Emory Davis, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch.

Oct. 22. 1862.
Allen Atherton, enl, Sept. 18th, 1861. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15,

1804.
Elon G. Bnughton, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 19, 1862.

Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 13,

1865.
John D. Butler, enl. Sept. 21, 1861 . Trinsf . to 1st Engineers, 1864.
Thomas Butler, enl. Sept. 31. 1861. Promoted to Corp . Deo. 13, 1862;

and to Sergt. March 27, 1864. Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 85,

1863 and Piclcett's Mills, May 87, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865.
Asa P. Carr, enl. Sept . 14, 1861 . Disch . at end of term Nov. 5, 1864.
George H. Claskey, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded Sept. 19, 1863. Mus-
tered out June 13, 1865.
Edward F. Corkell, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Died at luka. Miss., May 18, 1862.
John F. Cowan, enl. Sept. 10. 1861. Disch. Feb. 14, 1863.
Jesse Davidson, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., April 22,

1862..
Joseph Davidson, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov,

25, 1863.
William Deisman, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Wounded Dec. 31, 1862, at Stone

River; Sept. 19, 1863 at Chickamauga, and May 87, 1864, at Pickett's

Mills, 6a. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865. Disch Aug. 12 1865.
William Dunkee, enl. Sept, 18, 1861, Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1862.

Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov, 25, 1868.
Arthur Emerson, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 13, 1862, to

Sergt. Dec. 9 1864. to 1st Sergt. April 1, 1865. Wounded at Shiloh

April 7, 1862, and Mission Ridge Nov. 33, 1863. Mustered out with the

Reg.
S. F. Fancher, enl. Sept. 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp. March 24, 1864, and

to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Josiah Flich. enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. Dec. 6, 1863,
Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn.,

Dec. 8, 1863. of wounds rec'd at Orchard Knob Nov. 33.
John Gardner, enl. Sept, 17. 18-31 , Killed at Mission Ridge, Tenn,, Nov.

2.5, 1863.
Francis Gibbons, enl. Sept, 17, 1861. Disch. July 14, 1862.
Theodore Gregorj-, enl. Sept. 2d, 1861. Wounded at Pickett's Mills, 6a.,

May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
William Glasgow, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1862.

Disch. Nov. 3, 1863.
Francis Harris, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., March 35, 1863.
Martin Harris, enl. Sept. 2, 1881. Disch. July 29, 1862.
Albert Herriman, enl. Sept. 25, 1S61. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865

Mustered out with the Reg.
Johnson 0. Hewitt, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 8, 1862.

Wounded Sept. 19, 1863, Mustered out at Nashville.
Alexander Hornig, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 5, 1864.
Hugh Hart, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded April 7, 1862, at Shiloh.

Disch. Oct. 11, 1862.
Joseph Hirst, enl . Oct. 3, 1861. Died Jan. 28, 1863, at Nashville of wounds

rec'd at Stone River Dec. 3, 1863.
Erastus P. Ives, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky, , Feb. 20, 1863.
David M. Jones, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Died at Bedford, O., Feb. 6, 1863.
Julius Jones, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864. Mus-
tered out with the Reg.
Edward M Kelley, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Wounded at Chickamauga Sept.

19, 1863, and taken prisoner. Died in Andersonville prison Aug. 15,

1864.
Jason Lockwood, enl. Sept, 27, 1861, Promoted to i.'orp, March 24, 1864,

and to Sergt. April 1, 1865, Wounded at Chattahochie River July 5,

1864, Mustered out with the Reg,
Levi Mead, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., April 7, 1862.
William H. Marshall, enl. October 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9,

1864, and to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg.
Orson C. Mathews, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Taken prisoner Oct. 83, 1864. Disch

June 22, 1865.
Benjamin Needham, enl. Sept. 18, 1861 , Wounded April 7, 1863, at Shi-
loh, and at Orchard Knob Nov, 33. 1833 Disch. for disability July

6, 1864,
James F. Newcomb, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg
Michael O'Bryan, enl. Sept. 35, 1.961. Disch. Jan. 30, 1863.
Orwin Osborne, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Pro.iioted to Corp. Feb. 8, 1863.

Disch, Aug. 15, 1862.
Thomas Pearce, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Disch. Jan. 30, 1863.
William Powers, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Transf to Vet. Reserve Corps.
James Pease, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded at Orchard Knob Nov. 83,

1863. Mustered out at end of term Nov. 6, 1864.
Julius Raue, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. July 12, 1862.
Luther Richardson, enl. Sept, 8, 1861. Killed at Pieketts' Mills Ga

May 27, 1864.
Virgil Richmond, enl. Sept. 81, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864.

Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with Reg.
William H, Rattles, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills Ga

May 37, 1864,

waiiam Simpson, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. June 12, 1868.

Oliver Slocum, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. Nov. 29, 1862.

Emerson W. Smellie, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Qjrp. Feb. 11

1863. Died Nov. 26, 1863, of wounds ree'd at Mission Ridge the day

before.
Spencer A. Sawyer, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 24, 1864,

and Sergt. Dec. 9, 1864. Wounded at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862, and

at Pickett's Mills May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Samuel Sampson, enl. Sept. 14, 1861.

Thomas Studer, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 16, 1882.
William E. Smith, enl. Oct. 15,1861. Wounded De.-. .31, 1863. Mus-
tered out June 13, 1865.
John S. Tennis, enl. Sept, 14, 1861. Disch. Feb. 14, 1863.
George J. A. Thompson. (See Field and Staff.)
Andrew Trump, enl. Sept 14, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 87,

1864.
Daniel E. Underhill, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Died at Camp Wickliffe, Ky,

Jan. 15, 1862.
Charles Venoah, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Wounded at Eeadyville, Tenn., Feb.

19, 1863, and at Mission Ridge Nov. 23, 1863. Disch. at end of term

Nov. 29, 1864
John Wakefield, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 24, 1861,

and to 1st Sergt. April 27, 1863. Wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19,

1863, and Pickett's Mills May 27, 1864. Mustered out at end of term
Nov. 4, 1864.

Zenas Wheeler, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 19, 1862.
William Wick, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Nehemiah Flick, enl, March 1,1864, Promoted to Corp, July 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Rear.
Verneuel Button, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Benoah Kellogg, enl. March 2, 1864. Wounded at Pickett's Mills, Ga.,

May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Jonathan Minor, enl. 1864. Wounded at Nashville, Tenn., Deo.

16, 1864. Disch. with the Reg.
William Woods, ent. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Royal Dunham, enl. Feb. 29, 18)4. Killed at Pieketts' Mills, Ga., May 27,

1864.
Moses Tompkins, enl. Feb. 12, 1864, Died June 21, 1864, at Chattanooga,

Tenn., of wounds received at Pieketts' Mills, May 27.
William Cowan, enl. Oct. 8. 1862, Disch. March 6. 1863.
John Mier, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. Disch. June 13. 1865,
Leonard Presing, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Wounded at Bull's Gap. Tenn.,

April 1, 1865. Disch. June 13, 1865.

COMPANY E.

Frank D. Stone, enr as Capt. Sept. 30, 1861. Resigned Jan. 23, 1862.
William J. Morgan, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 27, 1861. Promoted Jan. 30,

1862, to Capt. Resigned March 24, 1863.
Ferdmand D. Cobb, enl. as 1st Sergt, Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to

2d Lieut. March 17, 1862, to 1st Lieut. May 21, 1862, and transf. to Co.

E. Wounded at Nashville, Dec . 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.
Harry W. Jones, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 30, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Feb. 8, 1862. Disch. Oct, 1, 1862.
Frederick A. McKay, enl. asSergt. Sept. 30, 1861. Promoted to 3d Lieut.

Nov. 24, 1862. Resigned Nov. 88. 1864.
Albert E. Virgil, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 12, 1861. Died from wounds re.

ceived at Shiloh April 7, 1862.
Arthur Ecfcert, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov.

2. 1864.
Henry Simons, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Killed at Stone River Deo

31, 1862.
William Lynch, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at Columbus, O.
William Edwards, enr. as Corp. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. Feb. 81, 1863.
Cyrus Williams, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
William Drum, enr. as Corp. Sept. 13, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Jan 80,

1864. Mustered out with the Reg.

Samuel Colby, enrolled as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term,

Nov. 2, 1864,
John CuUen, enr. as Corp. bept. 12. 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862.
Thomas Powers, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Sept. 16, 1862.
WilHam Langell, enr. as Corp. Aug, 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
John Neville, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Discharged at end of term,

Nov. 2, 1854.
Sylvester W.Winchester, enr. as Fifer Oct. 4, 1861. Killed at Stone

River Dec. 31, 1862,
James Arnott, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Transf. to the Veteran Reserve Corps.

Seaman Annis. enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch.

Alexander Beard, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 8, 1862.

•Jervis Barber, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. May 12, 1862.

Caswell Barber, enl. Oct. 27, 1861. Disch. May 18, 1868,

Henry S. Coykindall, enl. Aug. 37, 1861 . Disch. at end of term, Nov. 2,

1864.
Jacob Cressinger, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. April 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Thomas Conway, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 . Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864.
Henry Conway, enl, Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn.

FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY.

113

Timothy Corbit, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Died of wounds received at Stone

River Dec. 31, 1862.
Dennis Corbit, enl. Sept. 4, 186r. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864,
John Caldwell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. at Lovisville, Ky.
David Cochran, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 3, 1864.
Michael Chalk, enl. Oct. 6, 1861. Died June 18, 1862, from wounds ree'd

at Shiloh Arril 7.
Robert Davidson , enl. Sept. 30. 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864.
James Evans, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. at end of term Jan. 30, 1865.
Patrick Flannagan, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Ensign FuUweller, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 16, 1862, for disability

caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7.
Edward Fitzpatrick, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. Aug. 22, 1862, for disa-
bility caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7.
Patrick Farrell, enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Disoh. at end of term Feb. 28, 1865.
John Gordon, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. at Columbus, O.
Michael Griffin, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Disch. at end of term Feb. 21, 1865.
John Halpin, enl. Sept. l', 1861. Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20,

18B3.
Fiederick Hodge, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 6, 1862.
Oliver Hobart. enl. Aug. 37, 1861. Disch. March 31, 1863.
Daniel Hogan, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Aug. 5, 1862.
WUIiamHiland, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Died of wounds rec'd at Mission

Ridge Nov. 28, 1863.
Abram Hubbell, enl. Aug. 27, 186] . Disch. at Camp WicklifEe, Ky.
Urson Harvey, enl. Oct. 9, 1861, Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20,

1863.
John Hayes, enl. Sept 12, 1861. Died June 15, 1862, at Cincinnati, from

wounds received at Shiloh April 7.
Charles Herling, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., Nov.

27, 1864.
Edward Johnson, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 12, 1864.
John Kepler, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Died at Nashville, Jan. 18, 1863.
James Labier, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862.
John Lobdell, enl. Aug, 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Robert Lamb, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Disch. Jan. 22, 1863.
Andrew Mattison, enl Sept 12,1861. Disoh. for disability Jan. 15, 1862,
Anthony Montreal, enl . Sept. 4, 1861 . Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862.
James Murray, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864.
Joseph Moses, enl. Sept. 15, 1861. Disch. May 18, 1862.
Richard Neville, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Disoh. at enl of term Nov. 2. 1864.
William Naly, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Richard O'Eleilly, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disoh. .Ian. 20, 1863.
William Oviatt, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20,

1803.
David Phillips, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Jan. 2, 1863.
George Partridge, enl. Aug. 27. 1861 . Left at Chattanooga, sick, March

1, 1864.
John Palmer, enl. Sept. 8, 1861, Disch. June 13, 1865.
William Partridge, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Promoted [to Serg. Disch. at end

of term Nov. 2, 1864,
John Price, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov, 10, 1864,
Jesse Quack, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 , Killed at Stone River Dec, 31, 1863.
John Ryan, enl. Sept, 12, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps.
John Rawlings, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Alva Smith, enl, Oct, 9, 1861, Died at Nelson's Furnace Ky,
Cornelius Striker, enl. Sept, 12, 1861, Disch, at Chattanooga, Tenn,
Nelson Stebbins, enl. Sept, 1, 1861. Disch, at end of term Nov, 2, 1864,
Abram Strock, enl, Aug, 27, 1861, Died June 20, 1864, at Chattanooga

from wounds rec'd at Resaca, Ga., May 14,
Samuel Sponseller, enl. Aug, 27, 1861, Honorably discharged to date

July 2, 1865,
William Such, enl, Oct, 9, 1861 , Disch, for disability caused by wounds,

rec'd at Mission Ridge, Nov, 33, 1863.
Cyrus Singletary, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky.
Lyman Treat, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Killed in skirmish at Chattahooohie

River July 5, 1864.
James Tompkins, enl. Auj. 27, 1861. Disch. at;Camp Dennison, O.,

Jan. 20, 1863.
Benjamin Wood, enl. Sept, 27, 1861, Promoted to Serg. Jan, 20, 1864,

and to 1st Serg, June 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg,
Clyde Waussen, enl. Sept, 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.
Charles Chesley, enl. Aug, 27, 1862. Killed at Mission Ridge Nov, 23, 1863,
John Canfield, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Disch, at end of term Jan, 15, 1865,;
George Van Tassell, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Disoh, May 20, 1865.
Daniel Sullivan, enl, Aug. 27, 1S63, Transf, to the Vet, Reserve Corps,
William Ferrell, enl, Aug. 27, 1862. Transf, to Vet, Reserve Corps. April

1, 1865,
Charles Randall, enl, Oct. 2, 1862, Promoted to Corp, , Deserted June

9, 1865,
Michael Howard, enl, Aug. 23, 1862. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn.
Michael Kane, enl , Aug. 26, 1862. Disch, June 13, 1865,
James Maroney, enl, Sept. 2, 1862. Disch, at Cleveland, O,
Mitchell Miller, enl, Dec, 10, 1861, Disch, at end of term Jan, 14, 1865,
Henry Ritlicker, enl, Aug, 18, 1862. Disch. July 31, 1863,
Matthew B, Chapman, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg,
George Fluett, enl, Jan, 1, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg.

Thomas Nay, enl, Aug, 35, 1862, Musteredout with the Reg.
Delos Treat, enl, Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg,

COMPANY T.

Daniel S. Leslie, enr. asCapt, Sent, 2, 1861. Wounded at battle of Shiloh

April 7, 1862, Resigned Sept, 9, 1863.
Ephraim S . Holloway , (See Field and Staff . )
John D, Kirkendall, enr. as 3nd Lieut, Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to 1st

Lieut, Jan, 9, 1862,
Philo A. Beardsley, enl. Oct, 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt, Jan. 20, 1864;

to 1st Sergt. Dec. 9, 1864, and to 1st Lieut, March 28, 1865, Mustered

out with the Reg.
Ferdinand D, Cobb, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861, Promoted to 3nd

Lieut, March 17, 1862; to 1st Lieut, May 21, 1863,
Charles Cooper, enr, as Sergt. Sept, 2, 1861, Disch, for disability March

35. 1863,
Jacob Renner, enr, as Sergt, Sept, 3, 1861, Killed at Chickamauga

Sept, 19, 1863.

Job Burnham, enl. Oct, 1, 1861, Promoted to Sergt, Jan, 30, 1864, Mus-
tered out with the Reg.
Warren L, Ripley, enl. Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Sergt, Jan, 30, 1864,

Mustered out with the Reg,
John Pennell, enl, Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan, 20, 1664, and to

Sergt, Dec, 12, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg.
Orestes T, Engle, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp, JJan, 20, 1864,

and to Sergt, July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Eeg.
Iram Kilgore, enl, Oct. 29, 1861, Promoted to Sergeant Sept, 1, 1862.

Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept, 19, 1863, Was taken prisoner and

died.
Charles Shoemaker, enr, as Corp, Sept, 2, 1861 , Killed at Mission llidge,

Nov, 25, 1863,
Thomas P. Baker, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Killed at Chickamauga, Sept, 19>

1863.
Joseph Bouvia, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov, 35, 1863,
John M, Blanden, enl, Feb. 39, 1861, Killed at Pickett's Mills, May 27,

1864.
James Davis, enl, Sept. 3, 1861, Killed at Stone River, Dec, 31, 1862,
Andrew Edney, enl, Oct, 10. 1861. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863.
Frank Gomia, enl. Sept. 2. 1861, Killed at Pickett's Mills,;Ga,, May 27

1864,
S, B, Kidwell, enl, Sept,'.2, 1861, Killed at Stone River, Dec, 31, 1862,
Joseph Parish, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Deo, 31, 1862,
Abraham J , Rice, enl, Sept. 18, 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1863.
Andrew Gault, enl. Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Sergt Jan, 20, 1864. Died

from wounds received at Pickett's Mills, Ga,, May 27, 1864.
Orlando P. Kilmer, enr. as Corp, Sept, 2, 1861 , Promoted to Sergt, Died

from wounds received at Shiloh, April 7, 1862,
Walter Smith, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 10, 1861. Died at New Haven, Ky.,

Feb. 2, 1863.
Augustus Nieding, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp. July 9, 1864.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Charles Edney, enl. Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Corporal July 9, 1864,

Mustered out with the Reg,
Henry Older, enl, Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Corp. Dec, 12, 1864, Mus

tered out with the Reg,
George A, Webb, enl. Oct. 21, 1851, Promoted to Corp, Dee, 12, 1864

Mustered out with the Reg,
WilUam T. Hazel, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp, April 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Reg.
Alexander Gault, enl, Nov, 4, 1862. Promoted to Corp, April 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Reg,
Edgar Atkinson, enl, Feb, 26, 1864, Wounded at Pickett's Mills, Ga.,

May 27, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg.
George W. Bridge, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.
Frederick Brucker, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg .
Benjamin Darby, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Dillon P, Duer, enl. Oct, 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Julius F, Goff, enl. Sept, 2, 18S1 , Mustered out with the Reg.
William Keck, enl, Oct, 10, 1861, Mustered out with the Reg.
Joseph Lee, enl. March 22, 1855. Mustered out with the Reg.
Ward Ripley, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg.
William Ryan, enl. Sept 2, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg.
Jacob Shirley, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg,
Reuben H, Aylesworth, enl, Sept. 2, 1861 , Promoted to Corp, Aug. 1

1862, Died from wounds reo'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863,
Frank Maser, enr, as Corp, Oct, 10, 1861, Died at Nashville, Tenn,

March 33, 1862.
Isaac Flaugher, enr. as Corp, Oct, 10, 1861, Died at Nelson's Barracks,

Ky,, Feb, 13, 1862.
James S. Clary, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Lost on the steamer Sultana,
Thomas Duer, enl, Oct. 10, 1861 , Died at Cincinnati May 4, 1863.
Mathias Hageman, enl. Sept 2, 1861 , Died May 13, 1863, from wounds

ree'd at Shiloh, April 7,
Marshall La Fountain, enl. Sept, 3, 1861. Died at Nashville, Jan. 27, 1863.
Alexander Lehman, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 . Died of wounds rec'd at Shiloh,

April 7, 1862.
Adam Miller, enl. Sept, 2, 1861 , Disch. for disability.

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

George Butsou, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 37,

1864.
John Clark, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864.
James McXahoQ, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 16, 1861. Transf. to Co. I.

COMPANY I.

James McMahan, enr. S rgt. Co. H, Sept. 16, 1861. Transf. to Co. I and
made 2nd Lieut. Dec. 21. 1863. Prom, to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864, and
to Capt. Nov. 36, 1864. Res, Feb. 34, 1865.

JobnD. Kirkeudall enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Prom, to 1st
Lieut. Jan. 9, 1862, and transf. to Co. B, and to Capt. Co. I, Jan. 1,

1863. Dis. Nov. 10, 1864.

George D. Parker, enr. as Corp. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Dee.

26, 1861.
Shepard Scott, eni', as Drummer Oct. 2, 1861. Missing after battle of

Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1862.
Josephus Ackley, enl. Aug. 27, 1S61. Mustered out March 29, 1865.
John Clark, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Disch. for disability, July 25, 1864.
John Kennedy, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 11, 1862.
Louis Duvoo, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Nov. 14,

1864. .

Charles Ellsworth, enl. Sept 14. 1861 . Mustered out at end of term, Nov,

4, 1864.
James Fitzgerald, enl. Aug. 3rth, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 20, 1865

Mustered out with the Reg.
Frederick Gouch, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Readyville. Tenn., April 21,

1863.
William Goddard, enl. Oct. 16, 1861 . Died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 1, 1863.
Uriah Haddock, enl. Sept. 22, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 31, 1862.
Henry Holmes, enl. Oct. 2, 1S61. Mustered out at end of term Nov.1,1864.
John W. Hall, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Poe's Tavern, Tenn., Sept. 12,

1863.
Charles Wells, enl Sept. 14, 186!. Mustered out June 17, 1865.
George Warren, en', Oct 22, 1861. Discharged for disability Jan 26, 1865.
Adam Z^aley, enl. Oct. 5, ISil. Died at Belmont Furnace, Ky., Feb. 20,

1862.
William Chapman, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered ojt with the Reg.
James E. Chapman, enl. Feb. 2D, 1884. Mustered out with the Reg.
George E. Lauger, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 4, 1863.

Disch. for disability July 3, 1863.

COMPANY K.

Henry Coon enr. as Corp. Co. G Oct. 17, 1831. Promoted to 2d Lieut.
Feb. 14, 1863, and transf. to Co. K. Res. April 17, 1862. Re-enlisted
in 6ih Regt. Aug. 30, 1S62. Mustered out June 8, 1865.
Albert L. Bliss, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec
39,1862.

John OiT, enr. as Corp Oct. 3, 1861. Promoted to 1st Serg. Died Jan

3, 1863, of wounds rec'dat Stone River.
Newton Battles, enl. Aug. 21, 1861. Died at Camp WicklifEe, Ky Dec
20,1861.

James M O'Brien, enr. as Corp. Oct. .3, 1861. Promoted to Serg. De-
serted Oct. 1, 1862.

William Babcock, enr. as Fiter Oct. 8, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg.

James Miller, enl. Oct. 24, 1801. Disch. for disability Dec. 19, 1862.

James Alpin. enl. Oct. 35, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864.

Lafayette Brown, enl. Oct. 4, 18il. Disch. for disabUity Jan. 21, 1862.

Edward Dalton, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Prom, to Corp. Deserted Oct. 1, 1863.

John Donaldson, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 10, 1864.

Darwin Henry, enl. Oct. 6, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 8, 1862.

John F. Kelley, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 11, 1864.

William McEacharn, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by
wounds rec'd in battle.

Milton Miller, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. for disability.

William Price, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Died at Chatta-
nooga of wounds rec'd in battle

John Pendleton, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 2, 1862.

Arthur Quinn, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 18, 1862.

Daniel Regan, enl, Oct. 7, 1861. Transf. to Vet. Reserve Corps.

Jacob Rusher, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862.

William P. Rodick, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Disch. March 20, 1865.

Benjamin F. Rand, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 14, 1862.

William Reeve, enl. Oct. 17, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 21, 1863.

John Stuart, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. i led in Hos. at Chattanooga , 1863.

Conrad Schock, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Deserted April 11, 1863.

Dennis Sexton, enl. Aug. 27, 1S61. Disch.

Asahel Thayer, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Died in Hosp. at Bowling Green, Ky.,
Oct. 18, 1862.

Nicholas Wagner, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Died at Athens, Ala., July 16, 1862.

Henry Wagner, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 , Disch.

Matthew White, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. Disch. fpr disability March 16. 1862.

LeanderM. Lovelace, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 18, 1861. Died at Cincinnati,
April 24, 1882, from wounds.

Marcus Synod, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 15, 1864.

Henry Arnold, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by wounds
rec'd. at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863.

RawsoaH. Bradley, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability, 1365.

Charles Newton, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 Disch. Aug. 5, 1862, for disability

caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh, A.pril 7.
John Peter, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability .\Iay 23, 1363.
Joseph R. Remley, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 . Disch. for disability Oct. 17, 1862.
Henry Sanderson, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. Disch. for disability June 3, 1862.
John A. Standen, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by

wounds rec'd at Shiloh, April 7, :832.
David ShaefEer, enl. Oct. 13. 1861. Disch. as being under age.
Benj. F. Willbur, enr. as Drummer Sept. 2, 1861. Disch for disability

May 21, 1862.
John T. Wait, enl. Oct. 1, 1861, Disch. for disability .\ug 5,1863.
Joseph ^Vordeu. enl. Sept. 2, 1881. Disch. June 21, 1865.
Matthias Frederick, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve

Corps .
James Sharkey, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps.
Henry Braunstetter, ear. as Corp. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disability

Nov. 19, 1862.
Charles Newburg, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga May

27, 1864.
Thomas H. Bellard, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disabihty Dec. 20, 1862.
Alexander Santeur, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Died at Hosp. at St. Louis ' Jan

15, 1862.
Lyman C. BilUngs, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 3, 1862
EliShisler, enl. Oct. 10, 1861, Lost on Steamer Echo June 19, 1865.
Charles Smith, enl. Oct. 31, 1861. Died at Covington, Ky. , May 10, 1862.
Benjamin N. Snyder, enl. Sept. 18, 1831. Died at Nelson's Barracks

Ky., March 15, 1862.
Homer Spaulding, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Died Dec. 2, 1863, from wounds

rec'd at Shiloh, April 7.
Phmpton Stewart, enl. Oct. 10, 1831. Died in Hosp, near Corinth Miss

.lune 31, 1862. ' "

Frank B. Shirley, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died April 24, 1863, from wounds

rec'd at Shiloh April 7.
William Weitzell, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Cincinnati May 10, 1862
from wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7. ' "'

AlexanderBushong, enr. asCorp. Oct 10,1861. Disch. for disability

Nov. 4, 1862.
WiUiam M. Guthrie, enl. Oct. 10,1861. Promoted to Corp . March 17,

1863. Disch. for disability Dec. 13, 1862.
James W. Perkins, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 17, 1862.

Disch for disability Aug. 29, 1862.
John Eckenroad, enl . Oct 22, 1S61 . Disch . f on disability Jan. 18, 1864.
Daniel Eckenroad, enl. Oct. 32, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov.' 25, '862
Albert Faber, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Disch. Sept. 3, 1862, for disability

caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7.
Peter Frederick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 29, 1864.
James B. Gibson, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 21, 1865.
Charles Green, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch for disability March 10, 1863.
Henry Herriff, enr. as Fifer, Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disability July 34
1862. '

James Hughes, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865.
William Iry, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. March 30, 1363, for disibility

caused by wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862.
Anthony Kreckle, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 29, 1864.
John C. Chapin, enl. Oct. 15, 1881. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 20, 1864 to
Sergt. Dec, 13. 1864, and to 1st Sergt. March 23, 1865. Mustered out
Nov. 27, 1865.
Robert A. Gault, enr. as Corp. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec

8, 1862, to Sergt. Maj. May 1, 1883, and transf. to Co. G.
Henry G. Delker, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut
and transf. to Co . H Dec , 5, 1864.

COMPANY G.

Robert A. Gault, enr. as Corp. Co. F, Oct. 10, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Dec
8, 1862; to Sergt. Maj. May 1, 1863; to 1st Lient. Co. G Nov. 26, 1864-
and to Capt. March 28, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 27, 186.3.

Henry Coon, enr. as Corp. Oct. 17, 1861. Promoted to' 2nd Lieut. Feb.
14, 1862, and transf. to Co. K. Resigned April 17, 1862.

George Hill, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1863,

Albert W. .Miller, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865.

John Snethen, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865.

Bridgeman Snethen, enl. March 1, 1864. Died from wounds July 23, 1864.

Allison Varney, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Mustered out May 16, 1865.

William Alexander, enl. Oct. 1. 1863. Killed at Pickett'sMills Ga Mav
27, 1864. ' '' •

COMPANY H.

Henry G. Delker, enr. as Sergt. Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut
and transferred to Co. H, Dec. 5, 1864, and to Captain March 18, 1860'
Wounded in left arm and side Dec. 16, 1864. Mustered out Nov 27
1863. ■ '

Albert Whittlesey, enl. Oct. 10, 1864.. Promoted to 2nd Lieut Nov 7
1862, and to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864. Resigned Nov. 20, 1864 '

William J. Holcomb, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out Nov.'27 1865

Levi Turner, enl. Feb. 6, 1,364. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865.

William Tooze, enl. Feb. 6, 1864.

Norton T. Worcester, eul. Feb. 24, 1884. Mustered out Nov. 27 1865

Richard Hudson, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. '

FORTY-SECOND AND OTHEE INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

115

CHAPTER XXII.

PORTy-SECOWD, FOBTY-THIRD AND FIFTY-
SECOND INFANTRY.

Company G, Forty-second Infantry— The First Colonel— Whipping
Humphrey Marshall— Driven from Cumberland Gap— Storming Chick-
asaw Bluffs- Defeated-Capture of Arkansas Post— Battle of Port
Gibson— Champion Hills and Big Black— Assaults on Vicksburg— Siege
and Capture— In Louisiana— Mustered out— Its Losses— Its Members
from Cuyahoga County- Forty-third Infantiy— In the ' Ohio Brigade"
—Its Subsequent Services— Its Members from This County— One Mem-
ber of the Forty-fifth Infantry— Fiity-second Infantry— Its Gallantry
at Perryville— Saving the Ammunition at Stone Elver— The Battle of
Chickamauga— Severe Duty before Lookout— Mission Eidge— Relief of
Knoxville— Resaoa and Kenesaw— Subsequent Services— Mustered out
—Members from this County.

FORTY-SECOND INFANTRY.

Company G of this regiment was principally from
Cuyahoga county; the records showing sixty-four
men from that county on its rolls, and seven more on
those of Companies H and K. The various compa-
nies were mustered at Camp Chase during the autumn
of 1861; the regiment being completed by the muster
of Companies G, H, I and K, on the 26th of Novem-
ber. The first colonel was the now celebrated states-
man, James A. Garfield.

The Forty-second moved to Kentucky in December,
and on the 10th of January, 1863, with other troops,
was engaged in a sharp fight with several thousand
rebels under General Humphrey Marshall. During
the following night Marshall burned his baggage and
fled, leaving his dead on the ground. After consid-
erable other duty against guerrillas, the Forty-second
was made a part of General G. W. Morgan's command,
with which it marched to Cumberland Gap, taking
possession of that renowned stronghold on the 18th of
June. On the 6th of July the brigade to which it
belonged was attacked by a heavy body of Confederates
a short distance south of tlie Gap, and forced back to
that point. General Morgan finally withdrew his
whole command through Kentucky; the Forty-second
acting as rear-guard in a very exhaustive march.

After a short excursion into Western Virginia, the
regiment went down to Memphis, in November, 1863.
In December it proceeded to the vicinity of Vicks-
burg, and on the 29th of that month was one of the
regiments which stormed the rebel intrenchments at
Chickasaw Bluffs. It rushed forward in the face of a
terrific fire with the utmost gallantry, but the storm
of shot and shell and musketry was so murderous that
it was obliged to retire, as was the rest of the assailing

force.

Early in January, 1863, the troops before Vicks-
burg went up the Arkansas river and attacked Arkan-
sas Post. After four hours' cannonading and several
unsuccessful charges,, another charge was made in
which the Forty-second led the advance, but soon
after it got under fire the enemy surrendered. Seven
thousand prisoners were captured.

Returning to the vicinity of Vicksburg the regiment,
in the latter part of April, took a prominent part in
the movement against the rear of that city. In the
battle of Port Gibson it twice charged the intrench-

ments of the enemy and was compelled to fall back
with heavy loss, but its courage was still unbroken
and, being moved to another position, it again made
a charge and carried the rebel works. The enemy
then abandoned the field. This regiment lost more
heavily than any other in the corps.

The Forty-second was slightly engaged at Cham-
pion Hills and Big Black river, and suffered severely
in the unsuccessful attacks on Vicksburg on the 19th
and 33d of May. It participated in the hardships and
glories of the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and
soon afterward was ordered to the department of the
Gulf. During the winter of 1863-4, it was stationed
at Plaquemine, Louisiana. It was engaged through
the spring and summer of 1864 in arduous service,
(though without much fighting), in Louisiana and
Arkansas, and was mustered out in the fall, as the
terms of the various companies expired.

During its three years' service the Forty-second had
one officer and twenty men killed, and eighteen offi-
cers and three hundred and twenty-five men wounded.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY 0.

Charles P. Jewetc, enr. as Capt. Sept. 19, 1831. Res. July 11, 1863.
Calvin Pierce, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Pro. to 3d Lieut. May 28, 1863; to 1st

Lieut. May 25, 1864. Mustered out with Co. Deo. 2, 1864.
Edward B. Campbell, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861, Pro. to 2d Lieut.

March 20, 1862; to 1st Lieut. June 5, 1862; to Capt. May 27, 1863.

Transf. to 96th Reg. as Capt. Co. E Oct. 33, 1863. Must, out July 7,

1865.
Andrew J. Stone, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 19, 1861 . Died March 9, 1862.
Noble B. Wiggins, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 Pro. to 1st Sergt. July 5, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
John Hull, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
D. J. Wilder, enr. as Corp. Sept. 19, 1861. Pro. to Sergt. Mustered

out with Co .
John W. Hofste, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Co .
Daniel Mulverhill, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. July B, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
Alfred D. Stryker, enl. Oct. 32, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered

out with the Co.
Henry Collins, enlisted Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864.

Mustered out with the Co.
Charles S. Anderson, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Peter Carlin, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles Corcoran, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
AmasaS. Garfield, enl. Sept. 19, 1831. Mastered out with the Co.
George M. Kelley, enl. Sept. 19, 18^1. Mustered out with the Co.
James McGregor, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
John McGregor, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
James McGuire, enl . Sept 19, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co .
Patrick Murphy, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
George M. Phelps, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Seymour Euggles, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick J. Switz, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael Shevlin, enl. Oct. 4, 1861 , Mustered oat with the Co .
Harrold Shattuck, enl. Got. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Wilson Shepard, enl. Oct. 4, 1831. Mustered out with the Uo.
James Williamson, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Hays. enl. Sapt. 19, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg, Miss. Dec.

29, 1862,

Alfred Faulkner, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Killed at sie^e of Vicksburg, May

30, 186.3.

Henry C. Morgan, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Died at

Vicksburg, Miss,, July 27, 1863.
William Gardner, enl. as Corp. Sept. 19, 1861. Died from wounds reo'd

in battle, Jan. 12,1863,
John J, Quiggin, enl, Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. DiedinHosp.

at New Orleans, .-i-ug, 31, 1863,
Junior E, Cox, enr. as Corp. Sept, 19, 1861, Died at Cumberland Gap,

Sept. 18, 1863,
BelaW, Porter, enl. Sept. 19, 1S61, Died at St. Loais, Mo., Jan.

1863.
Frank Williams, enl. Sept. 19, 1831. Died at Vicksburg, July 26, 1863.

116

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Promoted to 1st Lieut, in XT. S. Col.

Disoh. for disability Sept. 15, 1862.
Disch. Jan. 12, 1863,

Promoted to 2nd Lieut. U. S.

Calvin A. Marble, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Disch. for disability March 25, 1863.
John Brown, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Disch. for disa-
bility May 3, 1863.
John Brayton, enl. Sept. 19, 1861.

Inf.,May, 1?64.
James Gazelly, enl. Sept. 19, 1861.
Jacob James enl. Sept. 19, 1861.
Rufus C. Huntoon, enl. Sept. 19, 1861.

Col. Inf. June 11, 1864.
John McMahon, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 19, 1862.
Michael O'Brien, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 . Disch. for disability Oct. 15, 1863.
Warren Kathburn, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 10, 1863.
(Jeorge G. Striker, enl. Oct. 23. 1861. Disch. Oct. 15. 1863, for disability

caused by wounds rec'd in action May 1 .
William Simloe, enl. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability May 35, 1863.
William P. Williams, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 15,

1863.
Thomas Mapes, enl. Oct. 4. 1861. Disch. Dec. 4, 1863.
James Deharty, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Transf . to Vet. Reserve Corps.
Nicholas Moore, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Transf. to the Invalid Corps.
John Perry, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Principal Musician Sept.

14, 1864. Mustered out at end of term Oct., 1864.
John R. Bailey, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co. Dec. 2, 1864.
Edward Caine, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Robert Corlett, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Corlett, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Died at home Feb., 1862.
John G. Warren, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Died at Ashland. Ky.,Feb. 1862.
Norman F. Dean, enl . Oct. 13, 1861 . Promoted to Corp .
George D. Farr, enl. "as Corp. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct

7, 1863.
Willard M. Farr, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. 118th Reg.

U. S. Col. Inf. May — 1864.
George Haycox, enl. Sept. 19, 1861, Disch. fordisabiUty July 15, 1863.
John M. Hays, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Disch. at end of term (9 mos ) July

6, 1863.
Edward A. Williams, enl. Sept. 19, 1861, Promoted to Corp. July 5,

1864. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 2, 1864.
Lorenzo D. Cox, enl. Oct. 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.
David B. Clark, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 27,

1863.

Mustered out with the

Hiram J. Bowman, enr. as Corp. Nov. 6, 1861 .

Co. Dec. 3, 1864.

Alvin J. Stanley, enr. as Corp. Nov. 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co.
Luther M. Fast, enl. Nov. 8, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co
John Warren, enl. Nov. 5, 1861 . Disch. for disability April 6, 1862.
Philip Youngblood, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 15, 1863.

COMPANT K.

Augustus B. Hubbell, enr. Nov. 15, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Jan. 28,
1863; and to 1st Lieut. Feb. 36, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Deo'
. 3. 1864.
Joseph S. Osgood, enl. Oct. 33, 1861. Disch. Got. 6, 1862.

PORTY-THIRD INFANTRY.

This regiment had but twelve men from Cuyahoga
county. It was assigned to the celebrated "Ohio
Brigade," the services of which are outlined in the
sketch of the Twenty-seventh Infantry. After the
discontinuance of that brigade, in the spring of 1864
the regiment was actively and gallantly engaged
throughout the Atlanta campaign; taking a promi-
nent part in the conflicts at Resaca, Oostenaula, Ken-
esaw, Decatur, etc. It participated in the "March
to the Sea," and the campaign through the Carolinas,
and was mustered out in July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY C,

George Dill, enl. Deo. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co July 13 1865
Albert A. Lawrence, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the C(5
S. S. Piper, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
John Wheelan, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co
Alexander P. Akins, enl. Jan. 30, 1864. Transf. to the navy Sent 10 1864
WilliamBurch, enl. March 10, 1864. i- . '", looj.

Charles Campbell, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Transf. to the navy Sept. 10, 1864.
John Mahony, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Giles H. Russ, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
John Schnabel, enl. March 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY F.

James MoMannis, enl. Jan. 10, 1864. Mustered out with Co. July 13, 1865 .

COMPANY G.

John Moran, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1866.

FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY.

JuUus J. Sheldon, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 15,1862. Resigned Nov. 6
1864.

:fifty-second infantry.

Twenty-three men of Company I comprised the
representation of Cuyahoga county in the Fifty-third
Ohio Infantry. The regiment was raised by Colonel
Dan. McCook in the summer of 186?. Its first battle
was that of Perryville, where the raw soldiers stood
to their work like veterans, capturing Peter's Hill
after a sharp conflict, and repelling with heavy loss,
the rebel force sent to retake it. It was not in the
battle of Stone River, but its left wing, while escort-
ing an ammunition train to the -scene of conflict, was.
attacked by a large force of rebel cavalry, which was
completely defeated.

After serving in middle Tennessee through the
spring and summer of 1863, the Fifty-second advanced
with Rosecrans, and on the 19th, 20th and 21st of
September took part in the disastrous battle of Chick-
amauga. Most of the time it was held in reserve, and
consequently it did not suffer a very serious loss.
Soon afterwards it was on very severe duty for a week,
without relief, in the worst of weather, holding a
position under the constant fire of the rebels on Look-
out mountain. The Fifty-second supported the
storming columns at Mission Ridge, and was active
in the pursuit of the defeated enemy. It soon after
marched to the relief of Knoxville, suffering severely
from the inclemency of the weather and the scant-
iness of supplies.

The next spring, 1864, the regiment went into the
Atlanta campaign. At Resaca it made a charge and
defeated the enemy, but with heavy loss to itself.
At Kenesaw mountain the brigade to which it be-
longed attacked the rebel intrenchments with the
most desperate gallantry, but was defeated with very
heavy loss; the gallant Colonel McCook being mortally
wounded. The regiment continued in active service
until the capture of Atlanta; marched with Sherman
to the sea and through the Carolinas, and was mus-
tered out in June, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Joel Morse, enr. as Surgeon July 22, 1863. Resigned Sept. 6, 1864.

COMPANY I.

Ira H. Pool, enr. as 1st Sergt, July 19, 1862. Proro. to 1st Lieut. Nov. 26,
1862, and to Capt. April 24, 1864. Died July 30, 1864, of wounds rec'd
at Kenesaw Mt., Ga.

William Freeman, enr. as Sergt. June 3, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt.
Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

William Buckire, enl. June 30, 1863. Disch. June 9, 1863.

Joseph H. Garrison, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

FIFTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

117

John Lanaghan, enl . July 3, 186^. Mustered out with the Reg .

William Lockard, enl. July 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg.

William Myers, enl. June 3, 1862. Disch. Deo. 26, 1862.

James Moneysmith, enl. June 21, 1862. Died Oct. 23, 1862, from wounds
received in action.

James McKutchen, enl. July 26. 1862. Mustered out with ihe Reg.

Thomas Olds, enl. June 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

George Simmons, enl. July 24, 1862. Deserted Aug. 23, 1863.

Frederick SeiTert, enl. July 26, 1862. Disch. Dec. 18, 1862.

Howard F. Thompson, enl. June 4, 1868. Mustered out with the Reg.

Justin Weisgerber, enl. June 1, 1862

Charles Wittern, enl. July 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.

Thomas Waddock, enl. June 28, 1862. Transf . to the Marine Corps.

Sandall Zopher, enr. as Drummer June 11, 1863. Died at Bowling Green,
Ky.,Nov, 4.1862.

Peter Kisser, enl. June 16, 1863, Detailed as baker Jan. 30, 1864.

John N. Uhlsenheimer, enl . June 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg.
June 3, 1865.

Henry Lotz, enr. as Corp. June 16, 1863, Promoted toSergt. Jan. 16,
1863. Mustered out with the Reg, June 3, 1865.

Augustus Lotz, enl. Feb. 30, 1864. Transt. to «9th Reg., Co. I. Mus-
tered out July 17, 1865.

George W. Cogswell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 5, 1862, Mustered out with the
Reg.

Doming B. Fish, enl. July 24, 1802. Muste.ed out with the Reg.

CHAPTER XXIII.

FIFTr-FOURTH, FIFTY-EIGHTH AMD SIXTIETH
INFANTRY.

Company H of the Fifty-fourth— The Regiment at Pittsburgh Landing—
Chickasaw Bluffs— Arkansas Post— Operations around Vieksburg—
ilission Ridge— Relief of Knoxville Resaca, Kenesaw and Atl nta—
Down to the Sea— Through the Carolinas— In Arkansa.s— Mustered
Out--Menfrom this County— A Man in the Fifty-flfth— The Germans
of the Fifty-eighth— Shaking off the Snow to attack Fort Donelson—
Pittsburg Landing— Chickasaw Bluffs— On the Iron-clads— Running
the Gauntlet— Other Services- Mustered Out— Cuyahoga Members—
The Sixtieth Infantry— An Incomplete Regimen1^-In the Wilderness—
Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor— Petersburg, Etc.— Losses— List of
Cuyahoga County Men.

FIFTY-FOURTH Il^fFANTRY.

A MAJORITY of Company H (fifty-four men) was
the contribution of Cuyahoga county to tJie Fifty-
fonrth Infantry. The regiment was raised during
the autumn of 1861 and the following winter. It
went to Kentucky in February, 1862, and the follow-
ing month ascended the Tennessee to Pittsburg
Landing, and, being in General Sherman's division,
encamped near Shiloh Church. It was hotly engaged
on both the 6th and 7th of April; a hundred and
ninety-eight men being reported as killed, wounded
and missing.

After taking joart in the capture of Corinth, and
after numerous marches in southwestern Tennessee
and northern Mississippi, the Fifty-fourth went down
the Mississippi river in December, 1862, and partici-
pated in the assault on Chickasaw Bluffs; being
repulsed with a loss of twenty men killed and
wounded. It was also a part of the command which
captured Arkansas Post.

The Fifty-fourth was active in all the arduous
marches and hard fighting which resulted in the cap-
ture of Vieksburg; having forty-seven killed and
wounded in the assaults made on the rebel works on
the 19th and 32d of June. It remained mostly at
Vieksburg ur.til October, 1863, when it moved to

15 a

Chattanooga. It helped to achieve the great victory
of Mission Ridge, and was a part of the devoted band
which, with half rations of food and less than half
supplied with clothing, by means of forced marches
in inclement weather succeeded in raising the siege of
Knoxville.

After re-enlisting as a veteran regiment and taking
the usual furlough, the Fifty-fourth engaged in the
Atlanta campaign. It was in the conflicts at Resaca
and Dallas, and lost twenty-eight killed and wounded
in the assault on Kenesaw Mountain. In the battle
before Atlanta, on tlie 21st and 22d of July, 1864, the
regiment lost ninety-four, killed, wounded and
missing.

After the fall of Atlanta the Fifty-fourth marched
down to the sea, and took part in the capture of Fort
McAllister, near Savannah. It marched through the
Carolinas with Sherman, fighting whenever necessary.
In June, 1865, the regiment was sent to Arkansas,
but in August was mustered out, brought home to
Ohio and disbanded.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

John F. Cutler, enr. as Sergt. May 30, 1861, Co. C, 33d Regt. Promoted
to 3d Lieut. July 33, 1861. Res. Sept. 22, 1861, Re-enl, as priv, Co,
H, 54th Regt, Jan, 4, 1862. App, 1st Sergt. Feb. 8, 1862. Prom, to
2d Lieut. Aug. 19, 1863, to 1st Lieut. Nov. 27, 1863, and to Adjt. Oct.

I, 1864. Mustered out at end of term Jan. 4, 1865.

COMPANY H.

Henry Richardson, enr. 8d Lieut. Co. D, 28d Inf. May 30, 1861. Transf.
to Co. B. Made Capt. Co. H, 54th Inf. Feb. 1, 1862. Resigned Dec.

II, 1862.

Silas W. Potter, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 19, 1861. Disch. Aug. 19, 1862.
George W. Browning, enl. Dec. 20, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Feb. 5,

1862, and to 1st Lieut Aug. 19, 1863. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863.
Seaman M.Bauder, enl. Dec. 28, 1861, Appointed Sergt, Feb. 8, 1863.

Promoted to 8d Lieut. July 15, 1862. Resigned March 30, 1863.
Isaac B. Seeley, enl. Jan. 7, 1862. Appointed Sergt. Feb. 8, 1863.
Oscar Pearsons, enl. Jan. 1, 1862. Appointed Sergt. Feb. 8, 1862.
Lyman McGath, enl. Jan. 85, 1662. Appointed Corp. Feb. 8, 1862.
Hugh Moncrief, enl. Dec. 28, 1861. Appointed Corp. Feb. 8, 1862.
William Stevens, enl. Dec. 28, 1861. Appointed Corp. Feb. 8, 1863,
Felix Monroe, enl, Jan, 6, 1862. Appomted Corp, Feb. 8, 1863.
Isaac Travis, enr. as Musician Dec. 22, 1861.
Joseph Richardson, enl, Dec. 20, 1861.
Richard Allen, enl. Dec. 31, 1861.
William Alexander, enl. Jan. 6, 1862,
Charles Ambrose, enl. Jan, 17, 1863,
Charles Bennett, enl, Jan, 4, 1863,
Andrew J. Brewer, enl, Jan, 9, 1862,
Jacob Berschimer, enl, Jan, 15, 1863,
Charles Dalley, enl. Jan. 7, 1863.
John Devine, enl. Jan. 20, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 20, 1864. Taken

prisoner July 22, 1864. Disch. June 19, 1865.
George F. Gale, enl. Jan. 8, 1862.
Isaac Guinter, enl. Dec. 28, 1861.
Thomas Gahan, enl. Jan. 23, 1862.
James Hudson, enl. Dec. 28, 1B61,
George W, Hoag, enl, Dec, 24, 1861. Mustered out at end of term March

82, 1865.
Patrick Hart, enl. Jan. 10, 1863,
Alfred L, Jago, enl, Jan. 4, 1862.
Horace Knapp, enl. Jan. 8,. 1863,
James Kinkaid, enl. Dec. 34, 1861.
JohnKenney, enl. Jan. 12, 1862.
James Lytle, enl. Jan. 10, 1863.
Hoxie Lamphear, enl. Feb, 3, 1863,
Reuben Mitchell, enl, Jan. 10, 1862.
William Maloy, enl. Jan. 6, 1662.
John Maples, enl. Jan. 4, 1863.
John Mead, enl. Jan. 16, 1863,
John Nelson, enl, Jan, 6, 1868,
Hugh Nelson, enl, Jan. 6, 1863,
Frederic Nicola, enl. Jan. 33, 1862.

118

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Charles Olmsted, enl. Dec. 27, 1861.
Albert Parmenter, enl. Feb. 1, 1862.
Josepb Rixinger, enl. Jan. 30, 1868.
Lawrence Eixinger, enl. Jan. 7, 1863.
Roger Ryan, enl. Jan. 7, 1862.
Jackson Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1862.
John Skeene, enl. Jan. 12, 1862.
John Sandy, enl. Jan. 7, 1863.
John Tieman, enl. Jan. 4, 1862.
William H. Vaughn, enl. Jan. 6, 1862.
Wallace Wass, enl. Dec. 21, 1861.
Jonathan Wlnslow, enl. Jan. 7, 1862.

FIFTY-FIFTH IJSTFANTRY.

COMPANY D.

Charles Stillman, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergeant Oct. 20
1861 ; to 2d Lieut. Oct. 2, 1862. Resigned March 10, 1864.

FIFTY-EIGHTH IlfFANTRY.

This was a German regiment, raised in the autumn
of 1861 and the following winter, and containing
eighty-three men from Cuyahoga county, scattered
through six companies, from E, with twenty-five
men, down to P, with five. It was sent to the front
early in February, 1862, and had the distinction of
being the only regiment with a Cuyahoga representa-
tion which took part in the capture of Fort Donelson.
Arriving at the scene of conflict on the 13th of Feb-
ruary, after a fatiguing march, the soldiers bivouacked
in sight of the fort, slept soundly, and the next morn-
ing found themselves covered with three inches of
snow.

Shaking oflE the snow, the men moved forward.
The enemy came out of his works and attacked
them, but was driven back into his intrench men ts
with heavy loss. The Fifty-eighth then held its
position till night. On the 16th the fort surrendered.

Proceeding up the Tennessee, the regiment went
into the battle of Pittsburg Landing on the 7th of
April, and was warmly engaged until the en«my-
retreated; its loss being nine killed and forty-three
wounded.

After serving principally on the Mississippi during
the summer and autumn of 1862, the Fifty-eighth
went with Sherman's army to Chickasaw Bluffs, where
it charged the rebel works most gallantly; being the
first to reach the line of rifle pits. Like the rest
of the command, it was driven back, however; having
nearly half its number killed and wounded. This
defeat was partially compensated by the capture of
Arkansas Post, in which the Fifty-eighth took part.

It was then placed by detachments on various iron-
clad steamers, where it did good service along the
rivers; being on the fleet which achieved the exciting
feat of running past the blazing batteries of Vicks-
hurg on the occasion of Grant's movement to the rear
of that stronghold. The regiment landed at Grand
Gulf, and lost heavily in the battle which was fought
there; afterwards taking part in the various expedi-
tions in Louisiana. From September, 1863, till De-
cember, 1864, it was on provost duty at Vicksburg,
and was then sent home and mustered out.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUlyTY.

COMPANY A.

Jacob Eggiman, enl. April 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co., Sept.

16, 1865.
William Sohwandt, enl . May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY B.

John Spaeth, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Promoted to Corporal March 1, 1864.
Promoted to Sergt. Dec . 34, 1864, and to 1st Sergt . June 1, 1855 . Mus-
tered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865.

Thomas Abel, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John G. Hammerly, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

George Kens, enl, March 30, 1861. Lost on the steamer Sultana April
27, 1865.

August Matthews, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

David Schwinghatner, enl. March 27, 1861 Mustered out wirh the Co.

John Schneider, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Suhmidt, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Fred Schwinghatner, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY c.

John W. Hughes enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Asst. Surg. 48th
Reg. U.S. A., Aug. 5,1864.

George Butler, enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. June 1, 1865.
Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865.

Jacob Weber, enl, Feb. 27, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Charles E. McMahon, enl. Jan. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Thomas Berrick, enl . Feb. 22, 1864. Mustered with with the Co.

Israel Beck, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Patrick Cummings, enl. Feb. 29, 1364. Mustered out with the Co.

George P. Dahash, enl. Feb. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Julius Haines, enl. March 13, 1864. Muste:ed out with the Co.

George Haislet, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Jacob Klein, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Keaver, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Matthew Lawless, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered outwith the Co.

Charles Lutz, enl. garch 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Sander, enl. Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered outwith the Co.

Henry Schlattmeyer, enl. Feb. 17, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Wolfkammer, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Mustered with the Co.

Walter Heffron, enl. March 28, 1864. Died at Vicksburg. Miss., July 7,
1864.

John Wurster, enl. Feb. 3, 1864. Died at Cairo, 111., L'ec. 1, 1864.

COMPANY D.

Jacob Elmer, enr. as Musician Deo. 26, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 14, 1865.

Andrew Walter, enl. Dec. 31, 1861. Disch. Nov. 28, 1863.

John C. Bauer, enl. March 31, 1864. Lost on the steamer Sultana, Aprij

27, 1865.
Henry Cornell, enl. March 16, 1S64. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 16, 1865.
George J. Kohner, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Mohr, enl. March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Peck, enl, Feb. 26, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865.
William Sheehan, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Thomas Palmer, enl. March 5, 1864. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 30,

1864.

COMPANY E.

Robert Specht, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 8, 1862; and

to 2d Lieut. Sept. 21, 1862, Resigned Deo, 26th, 1863.
Charles Stoppel, enl. Dec. 9. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 7, 1863; to

2d Lieut. Nov. 14, 1863; and to 1st Lieut. May 35, 1864. Mustered

out with the Co. Jan. 14th, 1865.
Henry Manzelman, enl . Oct . 39, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Sergt . Mustered

out with the Co.
Adolph Manzelman, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

outwith the Co.
William Holtz, enl. Oct. 38, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Emanuel Schadler, enl. Nov. 16, 1861,. Wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1863

and sent to the Gen, Hosp .
Henry Wurtinghauser, enr. as Musician Oct. 36, 1861. Mustered out

with the Co.
Thomas Dill, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 19, 1862.
Philip Boade, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Lost on the steamer Sultana, April 27,

1865.
Charles A. Bolin, enl. Dec, 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Chandler, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Transferred to the Invalid Corps

March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Conrad Frodrith, enl. Jan 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Hugh Hart, enl . Nov. 30, 1803. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael Hugo, enl. Jan. 6, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
Benjamin Lewis, enl. Jan 36, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward Mullen, enl. Nov. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Michael O'Morrow, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

FIPTY-FOUKTH AND OTHBE INFANTRY REGIMENTS.

119

Friedrioli Rentz, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

John Euth, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

Alfred Symes, eul. Jan. 14, 1861. Promoted Corp. March 1, 1865. Mus.

tered out with the Co .
Henry Stockinger, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8, 1862.

Killed in action on board gunboat near Liverpool, Miss., May 23, 186-1
Joseph Faad, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 10, 1863.
John Fathschild, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Died at Cleveland, O , Aug. 17, 1863.
Gottlieb Meyer, enl. Oct 11, 1861. Died at Vickstuig, Miss., Aug. 13,

1882.
John Spatholtz, enl. Oct. 27. 1861 Died at Camp Dennison, O., July 3,

1862.

COMPANY F.

John Burk, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865.
Solomon Bachmann, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John W. Simmons, enl. March 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
WiUiam H. Shepard, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. Sept. 15, 1865.
James Thomas, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY li.

Caspar Jung, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. , Mustered out with the Co. Jan. 14, 1865.
Frederick Kramer, enl. Deo. 4, 1861 .

August Wagner, enl. Oct. 25, 1861. Mustered out with the Co.
JuUus Bauerle, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Disoh. for disability May 3, 1862.
John Lee, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. .Disch. for disability Feb. 24, 1862.
Peter Lehmann, enl. Oct. 17, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 34, 1862.
John Prell, enl. Feb. 5, 1862. Disch. for disability caused by wounds.
George Eisenhart, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 16,

1865.
Emil Von LangendorS, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Co.
John Eakowski, enl. Feb. 1, 1863. Disch. at end of term Feb. 15, 1865.
Frederick Buehler, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Died in Hosp. near St. Louis, Mc

June 2, 1862.
Philip Leidich, enr. as Musician Oct. 14, 1861 . Died Jan. 31, 1863.
Philip Lorch, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Died March 6, 1863.
Charles Wesche, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg Dec. 29, 1862.

SIXTIETH INFANTRY.

There was a one-year regiment bearing this number,
raised in 1861, but no part of it was from Cuyahoga
county. In the spring of 1864 a new regiment of
three-year men was raised to which the vacant num-
ber was assigned." When six companies were full
they were sent to the front under a lieutenant-colonel.
Two independent companies of sharpshooters were
assigned. to it for duty, and two more companies of
infantry joined it during the summer, but it was
never full. One of the sharpshooter companies was
raised principally in Berea and vicinity, under Captain
W. L. Stearns. It finally became Company G- of the
Sixtieth. In all there were one hundred and eighty-
six men in the regiment from Cuyahoga county;
sixty-seven in Company H, fifty-six in Company G,
and forty-nine in Company E; besides a few each in
A, D and I.

The regiment reported to General Burnside, at
Alexandria, Virginia, on the 24th of April, 1864,
joined the army of the Potomac with him, and on the
5th of May first came under fire in the terrible battle
of the Wilderness. The new soldiers bore themselves
with distinguished courage in this awful ordeal, and
were especially complimented for their gallantry in
leading tlie advance at Mary's Bridge on the 9th of
May; crossing the Ny river under a severe fire and
driving the enemy from his position. The Sixtieth
was also hotly engaged at Spottsylvania and North
Anna, and when the deadly assault was made on the
fortifications of Cold Harbor, the young regiment was
there to take part. It did faithful service in the
trenches before Petersburg, and suffered severely at

Salem Mills and on the Weldon Railroad. During
its year of service, eleven of the men from Cuyahoga
county were killed in action; indicating that about
seventy of those from that county were killed or
wounded. A considerable number were also taken
prisoners, of whom a large proportion died in the
rebel prison at Salisbury. The Sixtieth was close up
to the rebel works at Petersburg, and was the second
regiment to enter that city on its evacuation by the
rebels. It was mustered put in July, 1865.

MKMBBKS FBOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Henry R. Stevens, enl. Capt. Co. H March 23, 1864. Promoted to Maj.

June 86, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. July 28. 1865.
William L. Stearns, enl. as 1st Sergt. 5th Co. Sharpshooters Oct. 21, 1862.

Promoted March 15, 1864, to Capt. Co. G, 60th Inf., and to Maj. Aug.

16, 1864. Resigned April 18, 1865.
Charles E. Ames, enl. as Sergt. April 18, 1864, Mustered out with the

Reg. July 38, 1865.

N0N-00MMISS[0NED STAFF.

John D. Sohoonmaker, enl. March 31, 1864. App. Hosp. Steward May
16, 1864. Killed in action before Petersburg, Va. , March 29, 1865.

Daniel Lechleittr. enl. Co. I May 3, 1864. Promoted to Com. Sergt.
Deo. 1, 1864. Mustered out with Reg.

COMPANY A.

John Jamison, enl. Jan. 19, 1866. Mustered out July 24, 1865.
James McGloan, enl. Jan. 6, 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865.

COMPA.NY D.

Edwin Cress, enl. Feb. 17, 1864, Co. G. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. June

1, 1864, and to 2qc1 Lieut. Co. D March 25, 1865. Resigned June 30,

1865.
Christopher C. Gray, enl. Jan. 20, 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865.
Dosson Pinch, enl. March 25, 1864. Died at Fairfax Seminary Hosp.

May 15, 1864.
John Hutchins, enl. March 23, 1864. Missing since action of June 17,

1864, in front of Petersburg, Va.

COMPANY E.

A. Q. Quintrell, enr. as 2nd Lieut. March 9, 1864. Promoted to Capt,

April 18, 1864.' Missing since action of June 17, 1864, and thought to

have been killed.
Franklin Paine, Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. H March 16, 1864. Promoted

Deo. 31, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. E, and to Capt. July 26, 1865. Mus-
tered out with Reg.
Benj. F. Taylor, enr. as Sergt. March 18, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Sick in Hosp. at Muster out.
James A. Wilson, enr. as Sergt. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with Co.

July 28, 1865.
Robert Gillmore, enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered

out with Co.
Joseph Wilson, enl. March 28, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with Co.
William J. Beatty, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with Co.
Timothy Bacon, enl. March 31, 1864. Mustered out with Co.
James W. Brouse, enl. April 12, 1864.

Harvey Brouse, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry O. Brouse, enr. as Corp. March 33, 1864.
William G. Carpenter, enl. Feb. 10, 1865.
Martin V. Fay, enl. April 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William G. Gillmore, enl. March 30, 1864.
Peter McCabe, enl. March 26, 1864.

Robert G. McElhaney, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James S. Morrow, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co.
Francis A. Priest, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William W. Root, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out wit the Co.
Horace C. Treat, enl. MarA .31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles A. White, enl. March 38, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Edward N. White, enl. March 31, 1864. Absent sick since May 9, 1864.
Henry B. Farrar, enr. as Corp. March 18, 1864. Disch, May 26, 1865.
Thomas H. Rex, enl. March 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Disch. June

6, 1865.
George W. Jarvis, enl. March 31, 1864. Disch. for disability May 18,

1865.
William S. Rogers, enl. March 28, 1864. Disch. Feb. 21, 1865.
John R. Shaw, enl. March 28, 1864. Disoh. tor disability Deo. 12, 1864.
Henry R. PefEers, enl. March 28. 1864. Disch. June 22, 1864.

120

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Ephraim W. Moss, enl. March 31, 1864, Disch. May 30, 1865.

Jam33 Johnston, enl. March 28, 1864. Disoh. July 9, 1865.

William H. Farrand, enl. March 24, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. July

15 1864, and to 2nd Lieut. Co. I, March 25, 1863.
Edward C. Stevens, enl. March 30, 1864. Transf . to Vet. Res. Corps

Sept. 16, 1864.
JohnD Schoonmaker. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
Gordon H. Better, enr. as Musician March 16, 1864. Died in Hosp. Sept.

26, 1864. „ . ,. ,

Philip Ruclile, enl. March 20, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Killed before

Petersburg, Ta., June 17, 1864.
Frank R. Beardsley, enl. March 21, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died of

wounds at City Point, Va., Aug. 12, 1864.
Arthur J. Parkis, enr. as Corp. March 15, 1864, Died in Hosp. Aug. 1,

•1864.
George B. Pritchard, enl. March 28, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died Jan.

19 1865, in rebel prison at Salisbury, N. C.
Samuel Marks, enl April 12, 1864. Missing since action of June 17, 1864

and supposed killed.
Nelson R. Stevens, enl. March 28, 1864. Killed before Petersburg, Va.,

Aug. 8, 1864.

COMPANY G.

Norman D. Meaeham, enr. as 1st Lieut. Feb. 26, 1864. Prom, to Capt.

Nov. 6, 1864. Mustered out .July 3, 1865.
Orlando W. Haynes, enr. as Corp. Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to 2d Lieut.
March 18, 1865, and to 1st Lieut. July 25, 1865. Mustered out with
the Co. July 28. 1865.
Ira W. Wallace, enr. as Corp. Feb. 17, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergeant.

Mustered out with the Co .
Henry M. Klrkpatrick. enr. as Corp. Feb. 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt.

Mustered out with the Co.
Lewis S. Thompson, enr. as Corp. Feb. 16, 1864. Promoted to Sergt.

Mustered out with the Co .
Porter M. Weylie, enr. as Corp Jan. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co.
John Ames, enl . March 31, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Co.
Solomon H. Lee, enl. Feb. 22, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

w,th the Co.
William Sums, enl. March 31, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Edgar M. Reublin, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co .
John Albers, enl . Jan. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co .
John Davis, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
James R. Estminger, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ely Fry, enl. Feb. 3, 1861.

William H. Judkins, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Sent to Hosp. Aug. 6, 1864.
Walter Lewis, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
William H. Lacy, enl. Feb. 29 1864. Accidentally wounded.
Ferdinand Lord, enl. March 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Lyman H. Luke, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Wagoner, enl. Feb. 13. 1864. Wounded May 2, 1864.
Henry Wagner, enl. Feb. iS, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Philip Warner, enl. Feb. 29. 1864.

George H . Walberry, enl . Feb . 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co .
Sidney E. Wright, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Mustered outwith the Co.
William Ames, enl. March 31, 1864. Disch for disability May 33, 1865.
Stephen W. Harrington, enl. Feb, 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Dlsch.

for disability May 24, 1865.
John H. Curtiss, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865.
William C, Curtiss, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out June 22, 1865.
Edward Gray, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Disoh. for disability June 13, 1865.
Alfred Herold, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1865.
Wilbur F. Hildreth, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865.
Elmer G. Lacy, enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Disch. for disability.
Roswell B. Moore, enl. March 39, 1864. Disch. for disability May 24, 1865
Thomas D. Miller, enl. Jan. 28, 1864. Disch. for disability March 20.

1865.
Avery Peabody, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 17, 1864.
James H. Powers, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Disch. for disability June 6, 1865.
Grenville Thorp, enl March 29. 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 8, 1864.
J ohn Foster, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps March 15,

1865.
William Pickett, enl. March 31, 1864. Transf to Vet. Res. Corps.
Lewis R. Willey, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 15, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Died April 2. 1865. from woimds rec'd in action.
William W. Wilder, enr as Corp. Jan. 18, 1864. Died of wounds March

13, 1865, at City Point, Va.
John K McReynolds. enr. as Corp. Jan. 8, 1864. Died of wounds Dec

17, 1864.
Wilbur F. Detchon, enl. Feb. 29. 1864. Died of wounds Aug. 16, 1864.
Lyman R. Hamilton enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Died in Hosp. June 5, 1864.
Benj. F. Hoffman, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Died of wounds March 26, 1865, at
Baltimore, Md.

William E. Jackson, enl. March 29, 1864. Died at City Point, Va., June
20, 1865.

Benj. F. Purine, enl, Jan. 27, 1864. Killed in action May 25, 1865.

John Schopp, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Died in reb el prison at Salisbury, N. C.
Feb. 37, 1865.

Hiram Sippy, enl. March 4, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Salisbury, N.
C.,Nov. 3, 1864.

PhineasJ. Vanness, enl. March 15, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C,
Aug. 34, 1864.

Henry Cooper, enl. Jan. 32, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out
with the Co. July 38. 1865.

Edward G. Disbro, enr. as Corp. Dec. 18. 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

Henry Gassner, enl Jan. 22. 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865.

Charles E. Sutton, enl. Jan. 22, 1864. Died Aug. 15, 1864, at Fort Schuy-
ler, N. Y.

Walter Yarham, enl. Jan, 22, 1864. Died by reason of wounds.

Henry R. Stevens, enr. as Capt. March 23, 1864. (See Field and Staff.)
John H. Miller, enr. as Sergt March 28, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt.

Mustered out with the Co. July 28, 1865.
Elmer J. Bennett, enl. March 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

out with the Co.
Orrin Jewell, enr. as Corp. Feb. 39, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered

out with the Co .
Thomas Baker, enl. March '22, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the -Co.
Charles J. Green, enr. as Corp. March 14, 1864. Mustered out with the

Co. '

Richard Bond, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Co.
Joseph Roy, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with

the Co.
William H. Babcock, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Andrew J Taylor, enl. Feb. 37, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out

with the Reg.
Albert Albertson, enl. March 7, 1864. Promoted to Corp Mustered out

with the Co.
Rinaldo Baxter, enl. March 11, 1864. Left sick in Hosp. May 12, 1864.
Albert M. Bishop, enl. March 23, 1864. Was taken prisoner and paroled.
William Canfleld, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Doty, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John S. Durgin, enl. March 83, 1864. Mustered out with the C
James Gregory, enl Feb. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Aden Grover, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Emory G. Hardy, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Levi Leggett, enl. April 4, 1864. Mustered out with th" Co.
George W. Phelps, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Reuben Pooler, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
John Reiner, enl March 28, 1864. Wounded and sent to Hosp. May 12,

1864.
Charles Rhode, enl. March 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Patrick Roche, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles D, Scott, enl. JIarch 17, 1864. Taken prisoner Aug. 31, 1864, and

escaped in March, 1865.
George ShefEer, enl. March 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Charles W. Stanhope, enl. March 31. 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Robert F. Thompson, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Missing since action of Aug.

31, 1864.
Amasa G. Taft, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Daniel Tucker, enl. April 18, 1864. Sick in Hosp. since April 39, 1864.
William L. Truax, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Henry Waterman, enl . Mar ch 34, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Ephraim Wood, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Franklin Paine, Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt. March 16, 1864. Promoted Deo

31. 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. E.
Daniel L. Whipple, enl. March 11, 1864. Discharged for disability Oct.

20, 1864.
Warren D. Belden, enl. March 30, 1864. Disch. June 8, 1865.
Seymour Codding, enl. March 17, 1864. Disch. for disability Nov. 18,

1864.
Isaac Elwell, enl. March 18, 1864. Disch. for disability Jan. 4, 1865.
Homer C. Jewett, enl. Feb. 32. 1864. Disch. for disability Feb. 6, 1865.
Peter Martin, enl. March 26, 1864. Disch June 5, 1865.
Delos E. Manly, enl. March 31, 1864. Disch. June 5 1865.
John R. Swartout, enl. March 4, 1864. Disch. May 31, 1865.
Ezekiel B. Van Nostrand, enl. March 15, 1864. Disch. for disability Sept-

9, 1864.
WilliamG. Waterman, enl. March 29, 1864. Disch. June 5, 1865.
George H. Webster, enl. March 28, 1864. Disch. June 31, 1865.
Charles D. Giberson, enr. as. Seigt. March 7, 1864. Killed at Salem Mills,

Va , June 1, 1864.
Henry W. Hardy, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Fredericksburg,
Va., May 18, 1864, from wounds rec'd at battle of the Wilderness,
May 6.
John Bryan, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1864. Killed before Petersburg, Va.,
June 17, 1864.

SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC.

121

John B. McAlvey, enr. as Corp. March 11, 1864. Died at Washington,

D. C, June 17, 1864.
William H. Dunton, enr. as Corp. Feb. 23, 1864. Died in Hosp. Jan. 1,

1865.
Nathaniel A, Shipman, enl. March 14, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died in

prison at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 5, 1864.
Harrison Bennett, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Killed at Salem Mills, Va. June

1, 1864.
Horatio Storrs, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died in prison

at Salisbury. N. C, Jan. 24, 1865.
Lawrence T. Pepoon, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Philadelphia, Pa., July

24, 1864. from wounds rec'd before Petersburg July 7.
Frederick Cheflin, enl Mareh 30, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N.

C, Pe6. 29, 1864.
Thomas W. Carpenter, enl. March 30, lf64. Died in prison at Salisbury

N. C.,Nov. 2,1864.
John A. Clague, enl. March 14. 1864. Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 7,

1864.
George E. Cowles, enl. March 18, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N.

C, Dec. 3, 1854.
Henry M. Eells, enl. March 22, 1864. Died in prison at Richmond, Va.,

Oct 8,1864.
John W. Green, enl. March 22, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C,

Dec. 13, 1864.
James H. Hardy, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, June

21, 1864, from wounds rec'd before Petersburg, June 17.
Charles Langton, Jr.. enl. March 84, 1864. Killed at Spottsylvania, Va.,

May 9, 1864.
William Lewis, enl. March 11,1864. Killed before Petersburg. Va., June

17, 1864.
George Moore, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 18,

1864.
Arunah Norton, enl . March 19, 1864 . Died in prison at Salisbury, N C . ,

Nov. 3, 1864. *
Alexander Wicks, enl. March 20, 1864. Disch. for disability June 17,

1865.

COMPANY I.

William H. faiTand, enl. Co. E, March 24, 1864. Promoted to Sergt.

Maj. July 15, 1864; and to 2d Lieut. Co. I, March 25, 1865. Mustered

out with the Co. July 28, 1865.
George K. Alstadt, enl. May 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. and to Sergt.

June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 38. 1865.
Milton D. Allen, enl. May 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Monroe Glick, enl. May T 1864. Mustered out with the Co .
Peter C. Hine, enl. May 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel H. Brooks, enl. May 3, 1864. Diseh. May 23, 1865.
William Buckheier, enl. April 18, 1864. Wounded Sept. 30, 1864.
Frank Hickok, enl. April 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. July 28,

1865.
Patrick Harrington, enl. April 18, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps,

March 23, 1865.

CHAPTER XXIV.

SIXTY-FIRST, SIXTY-FIFTH AND SIXTY-SEVENTH
IHFANTEY.

Cuyahoga in the Sixty-first— Its First Fight— Second Bull Run— Pro-
tecting Washington— Chancellorsville— Gettysburg— To the Army of
the Cumberland— Fight in Wauhatchie Valley, Etc.— Resaca— Hard
Battle at Peachtree Creek— Guarding Bridges— Down to the Sea-
Through the Carolinas— Consolidated— Mustered Out— Members from
Cuyahoga— The Sixty-flfth and its Cuyahoga Men— In Kentucky,
Mississippi, Etc.- After Bragg— Wading Stone River— An Eight
Hours Battle— Chickamauga— The Atlanta Campaign— Mention of
the Battles— Large Percentage of Losses— In Texas— Mustered Out-
List of Cuyahoga County Men— Forty-fifth and Sixty-seventh Consoli-
dated—Cuyahoga in the Sixty-seventh— In Virginia— Gallant Conduct
at Winchester— Numerous Skirmishes -Port Royal and Port Republic
—A Gale at Sea— A fourth of July Battle— In South Carolina— A Seven
Months Siege— Forty Days under Fire— Storming Wagner— Desperate
Courage— Capture of Wagner— Veteran Furlough— Battle of Chester
Station— Ware Bottom Church— Under Fire for Months- Storming the
Works at Signal Hill— Other Fights— Reviewed by President Lincoln-
Storming Fort Gregg— Appomattox— Summer Duty— Out in December
—List of Cuyahoga's Representatives.

SI.XTY-FIRST INFANTRY.

This regiment, which contained members from
almost every county in the State, had thirty-nine from
Cuyahoga county in Company D, and three in Com-

pany 6. It joined Fremont's army in June, 1863;
soon afterwards passing under the command of Pope,
and having its first fight at Freeman's Ford, on the
Rappahannock in July, 1862. It also had a sharp con-
flict at Sulphur Springs on the 23d and 24th of
August, and another on the 25th at Waterloo Bridge.
At the second Bull Run battle it was warmly engaged
for a short time ; having twenty-five killed and
wounded. It was not broken up, like so many regi-
ments, in that battle, and aided in covering the
retreat of Pope's demoralized army. During the
subsequent operations of that year the regiment was
part of the reserve held for the protection of Wash-
ington.

After lying in winter quarters for several months,
the Sixty-first moved south with Hooker and was
actively engaged in the disastrous battle of Chan-
cellorsville, where it had four officers wounded, and
five men killed and about thirty wounded. Its next
battle was Gettysburg, v/here it was sent forward on
the skirmish line and was driven back with heavy
loss. It then took a position on Cemetery Hill,
which it held till the victory was won.

In September, 1863, the Sixty-first went with the
Twelfth Corps to the Army of the Cumberland. On
the night of the 28th of October it was engaged in a
brisk fight in the Wauhatchie valley, driving the
rebels across Lookout creek. On the 23d and 25th
of November, it was engaged in the battles of Look-
out Mountain and Mission Ridge.

After remaining at Bridgeport through the winter
and enjoying a veteran furlough in March, 1864, the
Sixty-first set out early in May on the Atlanta cam-
paign. It V;'as twice sharply engaged near Resaca,
and again at Dallas on the 25th of May, when twenty-
three of the men were killed and wounded. After
numerous skirmishes, and a sharp fight near Kenesaw
Mountain, it crossed Peachtree creek with Hooker's
corps on the 20th of July, and engaged the enemy.
The latter made a furious effort to drive it back across
the creek, but was repulsed with heavy loss. Ninety-
five officers and men of the Sixty-first were killed and
woumled. After this, the regiment was on duty in
the rear, guarding bridges, etc., until after the cap-
ture of Atlanta.

The regiment then marched with Sherman to the
sea and through the Carolinas. At Goldsboro, North
Carolina, it was consolidated with the Eighty-second
Infantry; the name of the latter being retained by
the combined force. The Eighty-second was mus-
tered out about the 1st of September, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CDYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY n.

John D. Bothwell, enr. as Capt. Feb. 10, 1862. Res. Dec. 23, 1863.
James Armstrong, enr. as 1st Lt. Feb. 10, 1862. Res. Dec. 23, 1863.
George H. Williams, enr. as Sergt. March 28, 1862. Disch.
George Morrison, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 25, 1868. Disch.
Charles W. Foster, enr. as Sergt. March 23, 1862. Disch.
George M. Pell, enr. as Sergt. March 3, 1868. Disch. March 14, 1863.
John Savoy, enr. as Corp, March 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1862
Henry Jenkins, enr. as Corp. Feb, 24, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Nov.
10, 1862. Transf. to 82d Reg. March 31, 1865. Must, out July 14, 1865.

GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Edward G, Ranney, enr. as Corp. March 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp.

Killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1863.
Richard Evans, enr. as Musician March 3, 1862. Disch. April 27, 1863.
Charles C. Armstrong, enl. March 31, 1862. Diseh. Oct. 6, 1863.
George Barrett, enl. April 2d, 1862. Disch. March 12, 1863.
Philip W. Bradford, enl. March 3, 1802. Disch . July 9, 1862.
Squire Hallas, enl March 7, 1863.
Jacob Haller, enl. March .3, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1862. Died

in Hosp. Nov. 28, 1883.
William H. Holley, enl. March 22, 1863. Died June 13, 1865.
George Lambacker, enl. March 1, 1862. Transf . to 83d Reg. March 31.

1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865.
George W. Mains, enl. April 2, 1862. Disch. April 29, 1863.
Edward McCue, enl. March 20, 1863.

Neal McCuUough, enl. March 31, 1862. Disch. Oct. 18, 1863.
Bernard McGouldrick, enl. March 31, 1862.
John Mclntyre, enl. March 3, 1852. Disch. Sept. 1, 1863.
Patrick McGuire, enl. March 12, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 15, 1863.
Patrick Murphy, enl. March 14, 1863. Disch.
George W. Nugent, enl. March 6, 1863.

Conrad Reich, enl. March 3, 1862. Died in Hosp. Jan. 18, 1864.
William Eitter, enl. April 1, 1862. Died in Hosp. March 21, 1863.
Comfort Ranney, enl. April 2, 1863.

Jacob Schnurer, enl. March 7, 1862. Disch. June 15, 1865.
Edmond C. Sprague, enr. as Musician April 3, 1862. Transf. to 82d Reg.

March 31, 1865. Mustered out July 24. 1865.
Alfred G. Thompson, enl. March 14, 1862. Missing since Oct. 28, 1864.
Lucius Try on, enl. March 13, 1862.
Smith Tryon, enl. March 13, 1862.
George Voght, enl. March 32, 1863.
Albert White, eni. March 7, 1863.
John White, enl. .\pril 2, 1862. Transf. to 82nd Reg. March 31, 1865.

Mustered out July 24, 1865.
A. H. Williams, enl. March 34, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1862.

Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863.
Ransom White, enl. April 1, 1862. Died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 1,

1862.
Robert Wright, enl. March 17, 1882. Died near Stafford Court House,

Va., March 6, 1863.
Charles Wucherer, enl. March 26, 1862. Wounded at Freeman's Ford,

Va., Aug. 22, 1863. Transf. to 82nd Reg. March 31, 1865. Mustered

out July 24, 1865

COMPANY G.

Thomas Costello, enl. Feb. 10, 1862.
John Higgins, enl. Feb. 1, 1862.
Michael Nolan, enl. Feb. 1, 1862.

Disch. March 31, 1863.

SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Augustus C. Barlow, enr. as Surgeon March 10, 1863. Appointed Bre-
vet Lieut. Col. March 13, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 1865.

SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY.

This regiment, which was mustered into seiTice on
the Ist day of December, 1861, contained sixty-nine
Cuyahoga men in Company E, twenty-nine in Com-
pany I and three in Company C. It served in Ken-
tucky through the winter, and in April, 1863, was
present at the battle of Pittsburg Landing but was
not actively engaged. The regiment was on service
in northern Mississippi and Alabama and southern
Tennesse until August, when it marched to Kentucky
in pursuit of Bragg.

At the battle of Stone Eiver, the Sixty-fifth crossed
the river with its brigade on the night of the 29th of
December, the men often in the water to the armpits,
while the enemy was plying them with a heavy fire
in front. They formed line on the farther bank, but
as the supports did not come up the brigade was
ordered to retire. The brigade was not actively
engaged the next day, but on the morning of the 31st
it was ordered to support McCook's corps, which was
being driven back. It was hotly engaged for eight
hours, and its eflorts were at last crowned with vic-

tory. It had three officers and thirty-eight men
killed, and seven officers and a hundred and six men
wounded.

Remaining in the vicinity till June, 1863, the regi-
ment advanced with Eosecrans and in September
fought at Chickaniauga. It was in reserve nearly all
the first day, but on the second fought long and
with varying success; sharing at length, however, in
the defeat of the whole army. It had three officers
and thirteen men killed, and five officers and sixty
men wounded. At Mission Eidge the Sixty-fifth
had fifteen men killed and wounded.

The Atlanta campaign was hardly less than a long
battle, and the Sixty-fifth was as continuously engaged
as any regiment whose records we have observed. At
Eesaca it had twenty-eight killed and wounded; at
Dallas, six; at Marietta, twelve; at Kenesaw twelve;
at Peachtree creek, four.

After the capture of Atlanta the Sixty-fifth moved
vnorth in pursuit of Hood, and on the 29th of Novem-
ber took part in the battle of Springfield, Tennessee;
having twenty-seven officers and men killed and
wounded. The next day, in the battle of Franklin,
it had twenty-three killed and wounded.

These numbers do not look large, but really rep-
resented a large percentage of the regiment; for, after
the discharge of the non-veterans on the 3rd of Octo-
ber, it contained only a hundred and thirty men.
This squad of war-worn soldiers remained at Nashville
until June, 1865, when it went to Texas. It served
there until December, and was mustered out at Co-
lumbus ou the 3d of January, 1866.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Horatio N. Whitbeck, enr. as 3d Lieut. Co. E, Oct. 2, 1861. Promoted
to Capt. Nov. 2, 1861; to Major Oct. 7, 1862, and to Lieut. Col. April
3,1863. Wounded at Stone River Dec. 31, 1863, at Chickamauga
Sept. 19, 1863. and at Kenesaw Mt. June 37, 1864. Disch. for disa-
bility caused by wounds Aug. 16, 1865.

Wilbur F. Hinman, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. E, Oct. 13, 1861 . Promoted to
1st Lieut. Feb. 7, 1862; to Capt Co. F, June 37, 1864; to Maj. Oct. 10,
1865, and to Lieut. Col. Nov. 4, 1865. Wounded at Chickamauga, Ga.,
Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with Reg.

William H. Massey, Oct. 16, 1861. Transf. to 65th Inf. and made 2d
Lieut. June 3, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. andAdj'tFeb. 7,1863.
Died April 7, 1863, of wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862.

Thomas Powell, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. E, Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to
Capt. Dec. 1, 1862; appt. Reg. Chaplain July 14, 1864. Mustered out
with the Reg.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

James P. Mills, enl. Oct. 24, 1861, Co. E. Promoted to Com. Sergt. May
1, 1863, and to Q . M. Sergt. Aug. 1, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg.

Melville C, Porter, enl. Co. E, Nov. 1. 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 1,
1863, to Pr. Musician Jan. 1, 1864, and to Sergt Maj. April 6, 1865.
Mustered out with Reg. Nov. 30, 1865,

COMPANY c.

M. W. Dickerson, enl. March 30, 1864. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn.,

Nov. 29, 1864. Disch. for disability June 32, 1865.
Charles C. Files, enl. March 31, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, 0.,

Jan. 25, 1865.
George Gilger, enl. March 16, 1864. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 28.

1864.

COMPANY E.

George N. Huekins, enl. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 16, 1861. Promoted to 1st
Lieut. Feb. 26. 1863. Died at Nashville April 3, 1862.

Wilbur F. Hauxhurst, enl. March 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1,
1865.

SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC.

123

Daniel H. Perry, enl. March 25, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 30, 1865.
Wilbur F. Hinman. (See Fieldand Staff.)

Ansel Athei-ton. enl. October 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864,
and to Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 13,
1865.
Eoyal Edson, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Mustered out June 20, 1865.
Robert S. Hudson, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Oct.

29, 1865.
Wallace Walrath, enl. Dec. 25, 1'63. Wounded at Reseca, Ga., May 15,

1864. Disch. for disability soon after.
Hiram A. Vaughn, enl March 23, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps

March 23, 1865,
MichaelTurney, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865. Lett

sioi in Hosp. at New Orleans.
George C. Thompson, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1,

1864. Killed at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1864.
Edward G. Powell, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1861 . Transf. to Co. F.
Thomas Powell . (See Field and Staff . )
Thoma's Tompkins, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 9, 18B1.
George Clement, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1861.
Winfleld S. Cady, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
George Lee, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
William H. Money, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
George W. Need, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
Edward Stanley, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
John T. Mansell, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 .
Romanzo Smirt, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
Thomas Clayne, enr. as Corp. Oct. 18, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 1,

1862, and to 1st. Sergt. Jan. 1, 1865. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn.,
Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 30, 1865.

Oliver Simmons, enl. Nov. 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp- Oct. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co Nov. 30, 1865.
Joseph H. Willsey, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 9, 1861. Transf. to Co. G.
Peter Gassner, enl. Oct. 4, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864, and to

Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 4, 1865.
Edwin Crocker, enl. Oct. 18, 1861. Wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec.

31, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps.
Thomas Kelley, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga,

Sept. 20, 1863. Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1865.
Charles Hanckerson, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Captured

at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1865.
Jacob Keeler, enl . Oct. 19, 1861. Captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 20,

1863. Died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 22, 1864.
Simeon S. Cannift, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 5, 1861.
John Cooper, enr. as Corp. Oct. 5, 1861.
WriUiam Clark, enr. as Corp. Oct 24, 1861.
George Hepburn, enr. as Corp. Oct. 15, 1861.
John F. Euss, enr. as Corp. Oct. 22, 1861.
John N. Baumbah, enl. Oct. 10, 1861.
Thomas C. Ault. enl. Oct. 14, 1861.

Truman Drake, enl. .Oct. 5, 1861.

Jacob Dibert, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 .

Henry S. Daggett, enl. Nov. 6, 1861.

James Fitzgerald, enl. Oct. 11, 1861.

Wilbur F. Hulet, enl. Oct. 19, 1861.

William Johnson, enl. Oct. 29, 1861.

MarstonV. B. Knowles, enl. Oct. 8, 1861.

Russell Lewis, enl. Oct. 5, 1861.

Julius Lefflngwell, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 .

William Leinakar, enl. Nov. 4, 1861.

William H. Leinakar, enl. Nov. 4, 1861.

Lawrence Myer, enl. Oct. 19. 1861.

James P. Miller. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)

Charles H. Nickerson, enl. Oct. 30, 1861.

William Pumphrey, enl. Oct. 18, 1861.

Stanley G. Pope, enl. Oct. 11, 1861.

James O. Pague, enl. Nov. 4, 1861.

Frederick Shreat, enl. Oct 24, 1861.

David D. Schaub, enl. Nov. 9. 1861.

Louis Schneider, enl. Nov. 6, 1861,

William J. Yarham, enl. Oct. 5, 1861.

Thomas C. Aldrich, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Transf. ;to Band. Disch. May

17, 1862.
George A. Whitney, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Transf. to Band. Disch. May

17, 1862.
Charles Y. Wheeler, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Transf. to Band, uisch. May

17, 1862.
Horatio N. Whltbeck. (See Field and Staff.)
Herman Hance, enl. Oct. 31, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Nov. 1, 1864.

Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 28, 1864. Left in Hosp. at Jef-

fersonville. Ind.
George Day, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 .
Coprad Killimer, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Transf. to Dep. of Engineers July 8,

1864
George W. Stevens, enl. Oct. 9, 1861.
William Williams, enl. Oct. 23, 1861.

Melville C. Porter. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
Daniel Wolfe, enl. Oct. 23, 1861.

COMPANY F.

Edward G. Powell, enr. as Corp. Co. E. Oct. 9,' 1861. Promoted to Sergt,
Dec. 1, 1862; to 1st Sergt. Oct. 1, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Co. F Deo. 8, 1864;
and to Capt. Nov. 24, 1865. Mustered out with Reg. Nov. 30, 1865.

COMPANY a.

Joseph H. Willaey, enl. as Sergt. Co. E. Nov. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt.
Maj. Deo. 1, 1861; to 2d Lieut. March 10, 1863; to 1st Lieut. June 27,
1864; and to Capt. Co. G Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg.

COMPANY I.

Lucien B. Eaton, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct, 5, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Lieut.

Nov. 22, 1861 ; acid to Capt. Jan. 28, 1863. Resigned May 18, 1865.
Mark Bundy, enr as Goip. Nov. 2, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1863.

Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 30, 1865.
Nicholas Eruch, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co .
Henry C. Ryder, enr. as Serg. Oct. 17, 1861 . Wounded at Stone River,

Tenn., Deo. 31, 1862. Diseh. for disability.
Fred. Adams, enl. Oct. 28, 1861 . Transf. to Vet, Pion'r Reg. Aug. 8, 1864.
L. P. Strickland, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 . Transf. to Vet. Pioneer Rej. Aug. 8,

1864.
Christopher Waller, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Captured at Chickamauga, Ga,,

Sept. 20, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Oct. 31, 1864.
Philip H. Bader, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 29, 1861,
Peter Cashen, enr, as Corp. Oct. 14,- 1861 ,
WiUiam Kelly, enr. as Corp, Oct. 18, 1861.
Jacob AUerton, enl. Oct. 15, 1861.
Peter Clark, enl. Oct. 14, 1861 ,
William Chant, enl. Oct. 8, 1861 ,
Samuel Cameron, enl. Nov. 20, 1861 .
George Daggett, enl. Oct. 15, 1861 ,
John Desmond, enl. Oct. 21, 1861.
William Franklin, enl. Nov. 19, 1861 .
Franklin Hurt, enl. Nov. 23, 1861.
Abel Knapp, enr. as Drummer Oct. 25, 1861.
Cyrus Myers, enl. Nov. 11, 1861.
James O'Halligan, enl. Oct. 15, 1861.
Patrick O'Harra, enl. Oct. 14, 1861.
Michael O'Neal, enl. Oct. 14, 1861.
Charles Renschkoll, enl, Oct. 19, 1661.
Hiram Stevens, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 ,
Thomas Smith, enl. Nov. 9, 1861 .
Henry Valelly, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Taken prisoner, and paroled Sept. 37,

1863. Mustered out at end of term, Nov. 4, 1864,
Robert Wade, enl. Oct. 35, 1861.
Jacob Wisson, enl. Oct. 25, 1861,

SIXTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

Two partially formed regiments, the Forty-fifth
and Sixty-seventh, were consolidated in December,
1861, under the latter name. Company G was
entirely composed of Cuyahoga county men, number-
ing a hundred and seven during the war. Besides
this. Company C had sixteen from that county, and
Company D twenty-four; while there were a few each
in Companies B, E, H, I and K — a hundred and six-
ty-five in all. From a manuscript history of Company
C, fui-nished by Captain George L. Childs, of Cleve-
land, and from other sources, we have compiled the
following sketch of the regiment :

The Sixty-seventh went to northern Virginia in
January, 1863, serving under Generals Lander and
Shields at Paw-Paw Tunnel, and near Romney and
Winchester, until spring. On the 32d and 23d of
March it took part in the battle of Winchester;
Colonel Kimberly being the immediate commander,
though General Shields, who was wounded, was some
distance away. On the second day the regiment
moved three-fourths of a mile, on the double quick,
across an open field, under a heavy fire, going into

134

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

action in this, its first serious battle, with the coolness
of a Teteran command, and aiding materially to win
the victory. Its loss was fifteen killed and thirty -two
wounded. It was subsequently in numerous skir-
mishes at Strasburg, Woodstock, Edinburg, Mt.
Jackson, etc.

After many long marches in northern Virginia,
taking part in a sharp fight at Front Royal, and cov-
ering the retreat of the Union army from- Port Repub-
lic, the Sixty-seventh went down the Chesapeake in
the latter part of June to help McClellan. On this trip
it went through dangers as great as those of any battle
field. The barge on which a part of the regiment
was broke loose in a gale from the steamer which
towed it, and tossed for an hour at the mercy of the
waves; horses, arms, equipage, and evei? some men
being washed overboard and lost.

The command' then made its way to Harrison's
Landing, and on the 4th of July the Sixty-seventh
was attacked Just before daylight by a force of the
enemy but soon repulsed it. After the army of the
Potomac went north, this regiment remained at Suf-
folk until January, 1863, when it was sent to Hilton
Head, South Carolina. In May it proceeded to Cobb's
Island, near Charleston, and for seven months was
engaged in the seige of that place. For forty consec-
utive days the regiment was under heavy fire. It led
in the assault on Fort Wagner on the 18th of July;
the Sixty-seventh and Sixty-second Ohio forcing their
way into the fort in the face of a murderous fire,
planting their colors on the parapet, and holding pos-
session of a portion of the fortress for near ten hours.
But all of the three brigade commanders present were
killed or wounded, the position was commanded by .
the enemy on the other side of the fort, fifteen hun-
dred of the assailants were disabled, it was found im-
possible to advance farther, and at length all were
compelled to retreat. The regiment had about a
hundred and seventy men killed and wounded.

After six weeks more of siege, two-thirds of the
time under fire, another assault was ordered on the
7th of. September, but when the column advanced the
enemy was found to have fled. The regiment was
soon ordered to Hilton Head, remaining there until
February, 1864, when it went home on veteran fur-
lough.

On the 27th of April, 1864, the veterans of the
Sixty-seventh appeared at Gloucester Point, Virginia.
On the 4th of May they, with thousands of their
comrades, on a fleet of transports, were threatening
Richmond from the York river; but in twenty-four
hours, by means of a long journey, they appeared on
the south and seized on one of the strongest positions
near Richmond. On the 10th of May, at the battle
of Chester Station, the Sixty-seventh was on the
turnpike from Richmond to Petersburg. The rebels
made a general attack. The regiment held its posi-
tion from flrst to last, despite of four desperate charges;
having seventy-six officers and men killed and'
wounded.

At Ware Bottom Church, on the 20th of May, the
Sixty-seventh captured by a charge a position which
had been seized by the enemy; taking prisoner the
rebel general, W. H. S. Walker, and a number of his
men. The regiment had sixty-nine officers and men
killed and wounded.

During the summer the Sixty-seventh was engaged
in the siege of Richmond and Petersburg, and almost,
constantly under fire. At Deep river, on the 16th of
August, four companies charged the rebel rifle pits,
lost over a third of their men at the first volley, but
captured the line. On the 28th of September the
regiment with the Tenth army corps aided in carry-
ing by assault the enemy's strong works, with double
lines of abatis, at Signal Hill. It was also in severe
fights on the 7th, 1.3th, 27th and 28th of October,
with a loss of over a hundred men.

During the winter it was not quite so steadily in
action as through the summer, but endured unnum-
bered hardships.

In the spring of 1865 the Sixty-seventh, though
depleted in numbers, was in high spirits and in good
" trim;" The division to which it belonged (the First
of the Twenty-fourth army corps) was reviewed by
General Grant, Secretary Stanton, and finally by
President Lincoln himself, and drew forth warm en-
comiums from all those distinguished gentlemen.
These praises were equally well deserved in the field.
On the 2d of April the Sixty-seventh, with the rest of
the Twenty-fourth army corps, assailed the enemy's
works, capturing one after another, and at noon car-
ried Fort Gregg by storm, after a furious hand to'
hand combat, in which the regiment had over a hun-
dred men killed and wounded in half an hour. Fort
Gregg was the key of Petersburg and Richmond,
which fell immediately afterward. The regiment was
also actively engaged in the operations near Appo-
mattox Court House, which resulted in the surrender
of Lee and the collapse of the rebellion. It was on
gai-rison duty in Virginia during the succeeding sum-
mer and autumn, and was mustered out in December,
1865.

MEMBEKS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Rodney J. Hathaway, enr. in Co. G, as 1st Sergt. Nov. 1, 1861, Pro-
moted to 1st Lieut, and Adjt. March 34, 1864. Disoh. at end of term
Nov. 15, 1864.

Grove L. Heaton, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 10, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut.
andR. Q. M. May 2.3. 1863, and to Capt. and A. Q. M. April 10, 1864.
Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAPP.

Edward S. Allen, enr. as Musician Nov. 11, 1861. Promoted to Drum

Major.
WiUiam Sorge, enr. Dec. 17, 1861, Co. G. Prom, to Sergt. Wounded at

Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863. Prom, to Sergeant Major Jan. 11, 1865.

Wounded April 2, 1865.

COMPANY B.

Ebenezer Sumner, enl Dec. 16. 1863. Mustered out Deo. 7, 1865.
WilUam Sumner, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Left in Hosp. at Philadelphia, May
1, 1864.

COMPANY C.

George L. Childs. enr. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 15, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut,
and to Adj . Oct. 9, 1862, and to Capt. May 25, 1864. Wounded at Ft.
Wagner July 18, 1863, and Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co.
Dec. 7. 1665.

SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTEY, ETC.

125

John L. McCormick, enl. Jan, 2, 1864, Promoted to Sergt. July 17, 1865.
Jacob Hiller, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. . Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 7, 1865.
Joshua Lovegrove, enl. Nov. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Samuel Miller, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Feb. 18, 1864.

Wounded near Petersburg, Apiil 2, 18C5. Disoh. for disability Aug.

26, 1865.
Charles Ellis, enl. March 26, 1864. Wounded near Petersburg, April 2,

1864. Disch. June 16, 1865.
Rinaldo A. Gray, enl. Dec. 27, 1861 . Disch. for disability March 31, 1862.
Andrew Krieger, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 27, 1865.
Caleb Turner, enl. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability May 8, 1862.
Charles Whitehead, enr. as musician Dec. 23, 1861. Disch. Oct. 10. 1862.
George W. Young, enl. Oct. 19, 1881. Transf. to U. ' S . Navy April 2,

1864.
John Fox, enl. Oct. 28, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, lib63.
Peter Galvin, enl. Kov. 21, 1861. Died in Hosp. Oct. 6, 1862.
Robert Teare, enl. Nov. 11, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Va., March 23,

1863.
James Williams, enl. Dec. S6, 1861 . Transf. to Co. E. Jan. 7, 1862.
James Watson, enl. Dec. 26, ]f,61. Transf. to Co. E Jan. 7, 1862.
Charles Hornsey, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Promoted to lorp. Nov. 1, 1865.

Mustered out with the Co .

COMPANY D.

George E. Herrimad, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 20, 1861 .

Almon E. Baldwin, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861.

Wellington Smith, enr. as Corp. Dec. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt.
Wounded May 10, 1864.

John Goodman, enr. as Corp. Dec. 16, 1861.

Seth Abrams, enl. Dec. 16, 1861.

Jacob Bogardus, enl. Dec. 17. 1861.

Patrick Corkins, enl. Dec 9, 1861. Taken prisoner at Deep Bottom, Va.,
Aug. 18, 1864.

Jacob Gilbert, enl. Dec. 84, 1861.

Edward Hawkins, enl. Deo. 9, 1861. Promoted to Corp. June ai, 1863;
to Sergt. Aug. 30, 1864, and to 1st Sergt. March 37, 1865. Transf. to
Co. B Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

John Hornsby enl. Dec. 2, 1861.

John W. Henni, enl. Dec. 10, 1861.

L. T. Hancock, enl. Deo. 23. 1861.

John Jay, enl. Dec. 18, 1861.

Tom Maher, enl. Nov. 28, 1861.

Joseph Ryan, enl . Dec. 24, 1861 .

Oliver Stafford, enl. Dec. 20. 1861.

Joel Van, enl. Nov. 23. 1861.

Henry C. Williams, enl. Nov. 20, 1861.

William Wright, enl. Dec. 22. 1861.

John Hood, enl. Oct. 21, 1864. Transf. to Co B Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered
out at end of term Oct. 26, 1865.

Henry Johnson, enl. March S, 1864. Wounded Aug. 16, 1864, and sent to
the Hosp. at Hampton, Va. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out Dec. 7, 1865.

Michael O'Biien, enl. Oct. 11, 1864. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out at end of term Oct. 13, 1865.

Thomas Rodgers, enl. Oct. 7, ^864. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out at end of term Oct. 9, 1865.

William Mead, enl. Feb. 28, 1864. Wounded May 9, 1864. Promoted to
Corp. June 21, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

Frank Whitney, enl. Dec, 22, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June21, 186S.
Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

John Spencer, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Sent to Hosp. at Hampton, Va. Jan.
22,1865. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

William Fitch, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 11, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. Deo. 7, 1865.
Hezekiah Canfleld, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Alexander Dic-k. enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Frederick Canfleld, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. June 19, 1866,
Josiah Silcox, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. Disch. Sept. 30, 1865.
William Cattonach, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865.

COMPANY Q.

Valentine Heckman. enr. as 2d Lieut. Nov. 4, 1861. Promoted to Capt

Dec. 18, 1861. Died at Strasburg, May 13. 1862.
Alfred P. Girty, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 18, 1861. Promoted to Capt.

May 13 1862. Resigned April 25, 1864.
George Emerson, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 25, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut

Co. F, May 26, 1862, and to Capt. July 1, 1863. Died May 23, 1864, from

wounds rec'd May 20.
Charles E. Minor, enr. as 1st Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861. Promoted to 2dLieui.

Nov 19, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Feb. 18, 1864, and to Capt. March 18, 1865

Wounded at Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863, and Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered

out with the Reg. Dec. 7, 1865.
Edward I. White, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861.
Xenophon Wheeler, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 26, 1861.

16 a

Sylvester W. Matscn, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 22, 1861. Promoted to 1st

Sergt . Killed near Chester Station . Va. , May 9, 1864 .
John J. Wittlinger, enr. as Corp. Nov. 5, 1861.
Isaac H. Ba'ker, enr. as Corp. Nov. 10, 1861.
Oscar Nicholas, enr. as Corp . Oct. 30, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Wounded

at Fort Wagner, July IS, 1863.
Ford W. White, enr. as Corp. Nov. 23, 1861.
William H. Freeman, enr. as Corp. Nov. 2, 1861.
Ira Stoddart, enr. as Corp. Dec. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 1,

, 1864, and to 1st Sergt. July 1, 1865.
Michael Kullner, enr. as Corp. Oct. 30, 1861.
Watson J. Parkinson, enr. as Corp. Nov. 7, 1861.
Edward S. Allen. (See Non-commissioned Staff.)
Lucian R. Thorp, enr. as Musician Dec. 23, 1861.
Joseph Roiakkeis, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1861, and

to Sergt. Jan. 11, 1865. Trans, to Co. C Aug. 3, 1665. Mustered out

Dec. 7,1865.
Frederick Anhalt, ^nl. Nov. 10, 1861. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865.

Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.
George W. Ackerson, enl. Nov. 1, 1861.
John Barber, enl. Nov. 16, 1861.
Frederick Brodt, enl, Nov, 28, 1861,
John Brower, enl. Dec. 23, 1861.
Andrew Burns, enl. Dee. 14, 1861.
Joseph Burk, enl. Oct. 30, 1861.
Jacob Benzie, enl. Dec. 22, 1861.
George W, Brooks, enl. Nov. 2, 1861.
James Catchpole, enl. Dec . 2, 1861.
Bruno Colbrun, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Wounded May 10, 1864. Transf. to

Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.
Joseph Clifford, enl. Dec. 27, 1861.
Harry Curtiss, enl. Nov. 2, 1861.
Charles A. Dresser, enl. Dec. 27, 1861.
John E. Durham, enl. Nov. 23, 1861.
Latimer N. Dyke, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864.

Disch from Hosp. Sept. 28, 1865.
George Evans, enl. Dec. 2, 1861.
David Elton, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.
William Enga, enl. Nov. 11, 1861.
Milan Emmons, enl. Nov. 7, 1861.

John Griffin, enl. Nov. 2.3, 1861 . Wounded May 10, 1864.
Mead Fowler, enl. 1 ec. 9, 1861.
Frederick Fultmeth, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865.

Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.
Philip Foles, enl . Nov. 18, 1861 .
Henry Frantz, enl. Nov, 28, 1861,
John Gais, enl, Dec. 17, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18,

1863, and at Chester, Va.. May 9, 1864.
Alexander Gordon, enl. Dec. 18, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Wounded

at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863.
William T. Green, enl. Nov. 29, 1861.
Charles Gibbard, enl. Dec. 5, 1861.
John Hoaft, enl. Dec. 27, 1861 . Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered

out Dee. 7, 1865.
Charles Hancock, enl. Oct. 30, 1861.
David Holliday, enl. Nov. 13, 1861.
TrumanKidney, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Trans I. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus,

leredout Dec. 7, 1865.
William Kimball, enl. Dec. 3, 1861.
William Keille, enl. Nov. 13, 1861.
Paul Kamerer, enl. Deo. 23, 1861.
Louis U. Lyon, enl. Nov. 2, 1861.
Edwin S. Libbey, enl. Nov. 25, 1861.
W. Lucas, enl. Nov. 10, 1861.
John Loch, enl. Oct. 30, 1861.
Ed. J. McDonald, enl. Dec. 2, 1861.
Dallas Moon, enl. Nov. 2, 1861.
Levi A. Meacham, enl. Nov. 4, 1861.
George E. Morgan, enl Nov. 7, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Disch. from

Hosp. July 20, 1865.
Alex. Muchler, enl. Nov. 7, 1861.
Peter Mormon, enl. Deo. 12, 1861.
Peter McGue, enl. Dec. 15, 1861 .
Michael Madden, enl. Dec. 13, 1861.
Constantine Olga, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.
William Ody. enl, Dec. 11, 1861. Wounded May 9, il864. Promoted to

Corp. Sept. 14, 1864. Transf . to Co 0. Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out

Dec. r, 1865.
Albert Oldham, enl. Dec. 18. 1861.
Samuel Plaister, enl. Nov. 13, 1861.
George Pike, enl. Dec. 2.3, 1861.
Henry A. Hhilip, enl. Dec. 23, 1861.
Solomon Pritchard, enl . Nov. 30, 1861 .
Jonathan Ring, enl. Nov. 36, 1861.
Jacob Roath, enl. Nov. 16, 1861.
Milford Rohinsou, enl. Dec. 18, 1861.
August Reisland. enl. Nov. 18, 1851.

126

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

Lewis Stattlemeier, enl. Dec. 17, 1861

William Sorge. (See Non-com. Staff.)

Mark Shafe, enl. Dec. 83, 1861.

Taylor E. Stroud, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 14, 1864,
and to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865.

John Sculby, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863.

David Twitchell, enl. Nov. 9, 1861.

Lafayette Taylor, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.

Jacob Traenis. enl. Jan. 8. 1862.

Sidney J. Varney, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18,
1863.

Augustine Winter, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18,
1863.

Henry Wirsch, enl. Deo. 5, 1861.

Christian Wagoner, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Killed at Fort Wagner July 18,
1863.

James Wait, enl. Nov. 18, 1861.

George Winfield, enl. Nov. 83, 1861.

Orlando Emerson, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865.
Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dee. 7, 1865.

Charles Nicholas, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865.

Herman Dhler, enl. March 11, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865-
Transt. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

John Demaline, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. C. Aug. 3, 1865.
Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865.

Charles Fuller, enl. March 25, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co. Dec. 7, 1865

George Heward, enl. March 15, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Amos Hodgman, enl. Feb. 20, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus.
tered out with the Co.

Michael Joice, enl. March 22, 1864. Left sick at Camp Dennison Sept.
27, 1864

Jacob Hallett. enl. March 9, 1864. Transf. to Co C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

John Miller, enl. March 23, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus
tered out with the Co.
Samuel Riehman, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865-

Mustered out with the Co.
oseph Studer, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Edward Sumner, erd. Jan. 4, 18B4. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Allen Wheeler, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, I860. Mus-
tered out with the Co.

Rodney J. Hathaway. (See Field and Staff.)

Samuel Burd, enl. Nov. 14, 1861.

COMPANY H.

John B. Spafford, enr. as 8nd Lieut. Oct. 3, 1861. Promoted to Capt.

Dec IS, 1861. Resigned Feb. 8, 1863.
Sidney G. Brock, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Dec. 18. 1861,

to Capt. Oct. 8, 1S68. Mustered out Jan. 25, 1865.
John Evarts, enl. Dec. 18, 1861. Disch.
Charles Lewis, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Disch. Sept. 11, 1863.

COMPANY I.

John R. Straus, enl. Sept. 83, 1864. Died at Chapin's Farm, Va., Dec. 3,
1864.

COMPANY K.

John Baker, enl Feb. 8, 1854. Transf. to Co. E, Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered

out Dec. 7, 1865.
William H. Kelley, enl. Nov. 16, 1864. Transf. to Co. E, Aug. 3, 1865.

Disch. at end of term Nov. 17, 1665.
Joseph Horn, enl. Nov. 17, 1864. Trans, to Co. E, Aug. 8, 1865. Disch.

at end of term Nov. 17, 1865.
James B. Garner, enl. Oct. 17, 1864. Disch. at end of term Oct. 18,

1865.
John R. Brokan, enl. Oct. 18, 1864. Disch. Sept. 8, 1865.
AlmeronPangborn, enl. Oct. 18. 1864. Died inHosp. at Fortress Monroe,

Va., Aug. 24, 1865.

SEVENTY-SEYEXTH INFANTRY.

COMPANY K.

John J. Calvert, enl. Nov 80, 1861 .
Charles W. Delany, enl. Nov. 85, 1861

CHAPTER XXV.

EIGHTY-POUBTH, EIGHT r-SIXTH AND EIGHTY-
SEVEMTH INFANTKY, ETC.

Thfa Eighty-fourth goes forThree Months— Two Strong Companies from
Cuyahoga— Services in Virginia— Cuyahoga County Men— Two Regi-
ments of Eighty -sixth Infantry— Services of the Three Months' Men
at Clarksburg, West Virginia— Cuyahoga Soldiers— The Six Months'
Regiment in West Virginia— Capture of John Morgan— Capture of
Cumberland Gap— Mustered Out— List of Soldiers from this County—
Eighty-seventh Infantry— Its Surrender— Men from this County—
Eighty-eighth Infantry— Its Duty at Camp Chase— Cuyahoga Men.

EIGHTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.

This was a, three months' regiment, I'aised in May
and June, 1862. to meet a pressing emergency. Com-
panies D and E, a hundred and ninety-seven men in
all, were from Cuyahoga county. On the 11th of
June it proceeded to Cumberland, Maryland, where it
remained until September, guarding the lines, check-
ing guerrillas, etc. It garrisoned the fort and village
of New Creek a short time, preventing a threatened
attack by General Imboden, and then, after about
four months' service, returned home and was mustered
out.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY'.

PIELn AND STAFF.

John J. Wiseman, enl. as Lieut. Col. June 7, 1862. Detailed on special
service at Washington, D. C, Sept. 12, 1868. Mustered out after the

Reg.
Frank H. Hiuman, enl. as 8nd Lieut. Co. D May 26. 1862. App. Adjt.
Aug. 18, 1868.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Daniel R. Taylor, Q. M. Sergt,
Royal A. Mun=ell, Com. Sergt.

COMPANY D.

John N. Frazee, Captain .

Eli Ely, 1st Lieut.

Frank H. Hinman. (See Field and Staff.)

Thomas Goodwillie (1st Sergt.), David S. Whitehead (Sergt.), William
Morgan (Sergt.), Reuben A. Field (Sergt.), George W. Armstrong
(Sergt.), Jacob J. Lohrer (Corp.), Austin H. Waters (Corp.), William E.
Murray (Coi-p.), Isaac W. Severance (Corp.), Pierson D. Briggs (Corp.),
Albert G. Carpenter (Corp.), Edward S. Warner (Corp.), Oscar W. Han-
cook (Corp.), William A. Diefenbaoh, James Covert, Frank Baker,
Olcott Barrett, James Bemis, Charles A. Bolton, Quincy Bradley, Ed-
win E. Beeman, Charles E. Brown, John F. Brunner, John Banton,
Angus R. Braden, John Crowell, Jr., William H. Chamberlain, Robert
L Chamberlain, Benj. F. Chapman, William H. Chaffee, Michael Car-
roll, Walter Coates, John Dugan, Edward Dangerfleld, John R. Evans,
Hamilton Fordyce, Addison J. Farrand, Wilham H. Farrand, James
Gettings, Henry Glenville, Thomas Guy, Charles H. Gill, Lewis Gross,
Robert Gould Asa A. Goodwin, Charles A. Goodno, Henry HoUey,
George S. Holden, Henry H. Hawthorne, Edwin T. Hamilton, Frederick
T. Hard, James A. Hartness, Edward Hudson, Halsey J. Hawthorne,
Paul B. Harris, Seymour Q. Hunt, Earl Herrick, Peter Kuntz, Frederick
Kinsman, Jr., David C. Ketohum, Thomas Lemmon, David L. Lowrie,
John A. Loomis, Henry E. Lowry, Austin B. Leonard, Theodore J.
Leltz, Chaunoy B. Lane, Josiah Morris, William E. McBride, Robert E.
Murray, Charles W. McReynolds, John T. Mead, John W. O'Neil, Lloyd
G. Parker, William H. Pepperday. John T. Pinkney, George S. Paine,
Charles Pinkney, Charles Quiggin, Geoige S. jQuayle, F. L. Reese, Omar
S. Richardson, John H. Rose, Frederick Stokes. Joseph Speddy, Theo-
dore Sterritt, Edward C. Smith, Samuel Starkweather, Jr., Lewis Stein.
Edward Sewer, Edward C. Tinker, George R. Tice, Daniel R. Taylor
(See Non-Com. Staff), James A. Willson, George Watkins, John B,
Wade, A. B. Woodruff, Charles White, Thomas Whitehead, Joseph
Zuber, Wyllis S. Stetson.

EIGHTY-FOURTH AND EiaHTY-SIXTH INFANTRY, ETC.

127

COMPANY E.

James Pickands, Captain .
Virgil C. Taylor, 1st Lieut.
Henry T. Nash, 2d Lieut.

Samuel L. Allen (1st Sergt.), James McGinness (Sergt.), JudsonM.
Bishop (Sergt.), Eben S. Coe (Sergt.), Frank J. Ford (Sergt.), Theron C.
Baldwin (Corp.), Theodore A. Andrews (Corp.), Lyman D. Hunt (Corp.),
Frank S. Chamberlain (Corp.), Elijah H. Norton (Corp.), Beuj. H.
Smith (Corp.), George Wilkinson (Corp.), S. H. Waring (Corp.), Charles
D. Camp, .James J. Adams, Daniel J. Althen, Hannibal A. Beeson,
William M. Barnes, William O. fiarnes, Charles E. Bingham, Eugene
W. Benham, John K. Batchelder, William Calahan, Thomas Chevring-
ton, William W. Castle, Charles D. Collins, David K. Clint, Thomas J.
Crooks, Alexander H. Cobb, Myron E. Cozzen.-i, Orlando M. Calmer,
Charles W. Cook, Charles W. Diehl, Peter Deatry, Charles Evans,
EUery C. Ford, Nathan C. Fleming, Theodore Foljambe, George Gar-
rettson, Lewis B. Gentz, Patrick W. Grineley, George M. Heard. Michael
Hogan, Daniel Henricle, William E. Herrick, Samuel H. Harrison,
Henry A. Harvey, William Holmes, Henry J. Hoyt, Justin Juch, Wil-
liam A. Knowlton, Edwin J. Kyser, Henry C. King, William W. Kim-
ball, Jacob Koch, Edwin "N. Locke, Walter J. Lowman, Albert Means,
Charles D Morse, William D. Mather, Royal A. Munsell (see Non-com-
missioned Staff), Theodore Odell, Lewis D. Oviatt, George W. Potter,
Henry Phillips, Edward S. Page, Timothy H. Uearden, Daniel Roberts,
Lemuel O. Rawson, James C. Ryan. Horace W. Strickland, Frank W.
Smith, Lyman I. Smith, George Spangler, Basil S. Spangler, Henry
Saxton, Gustavus K. Tupper, Hervey B. Tibbetts, Charles M. Voroe,
Cary A. Vaughn, Delos O. Wickham, William H. Wyman, Charles E.
Wllber, Walter F. Wells, Theodore M. Warner, Alfred T, Webber,
Oscar Wade, Henry A. Woodward, Henry A. Welch, Edward E. Young.

EIGHTY-SIXTH INFANTRY.

Two organizations bore this name; one raised for
three months in May and June, 1862, and one for six
months in June and July, 1863. Cuyahoga was
slightly represented in both, as appears by the annexed
record. The first regiment went to Clarksburg,
West Virginia, in June, 1862, and remained there
most of the time during the summer, guarding the
railroad, and defending that place and Grafton from
the threatened attacks of gnerrillas. It was mustered
out on the 2oth of September.

The six months organization was completed just as
the celebrated guerrilla, John Morgan, was making
his great raid through southern Ohio. The regiment
was immediately dispatched to Zanesville to help
capture him. One battalion skirmished with a part
of Morgan's force us it crossed the Ohio, while the
other, in connection with Colonel Shackleford's com-
mand, assisted in the capture of the redoubtable
partisan himself.

The Eighty-sixth soon went to Kentucky, where it
joined an expedition under Colonel DeCourcy against
Cumberland Gap; reaching a position in front of that
stronghold on the 8th of September. At the same
time General Burnside, in accordance with the pre-
viously concocted plan, came up from East Tennessee
on the South. The Eighty-sixth and other regiments
were sent forward in line of battle, and every arrange-
ment was made for an attack from both sides, but, on
a demand being made, the rebel general consented to
surrender. The regiment remained at the Gap until
its term expired, wlien itretnrned to Cleveland, being
mustered out on the 10th of February, 18G4.

CUYAHOGA MEN IN THE THREE-MONTHS REGIMENT.

COMPANY e.

Almon G. Bruce, Edwin Ewing.

COMPANY K.

William N. Hubbell (Corp.), Solomon H. Gleaaon, John A. Field, Lo-
renzo Strong, John E . Coleman, Edward M . Kellogg, Conrad Schade,
Ira D. Williams, John White.

CUYAHOGA MEN IN THE SIX-MONTHS REGIMENT.

COMPANY C.

Samuel H. Boyelten, David Gresn.

COMPANY F.

Henry W. Morrell.

COMPANY a.

Charles E. Crowe, Larmon Col well, James Miller.

COMPANY I.

Michael D. DeVVyant, JeremLihS. Dunscomb, Charles Goodsell, Estel
Jackson, George Linsey, John iVhice, Roger Willia:ns, H. B. Steele
(transt. to 129th Inf.)

EIGHTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.

This was another three months regiment, and was
more unfortunate than either of the foregoing. It
went from Ohio to Balciniore in June, 186;i, remained
there till the latter part of July, and then reported to
Colonel Miles, at Harper's Ferry. In the forepart
of September that otiicer surrendered his whole force
to Stonewall Jackson. As the term of the Eighty-
seventh had expired, its men were released from their
paroles and the regiment was sent home; being mus-
tered out on the 20th of September, 1862.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY G.

Christopher Keary, 2d Lieut.

William Crawford, Peter Keary, Richard Barringer, William M. Cur
ran, Thomas Deiler, Thomas Fitch, Edward D. Frame, Charles Frame,
Robert Garvey, John A. Godfrey, Henry J. Hewlett, John Miller, John
W. Mayhew, Patrick McLaughlin, Joseph Moley, Andrew McCartney,
Frederick M. Preston, Christopher Rath, Toney Siegel, David Shaugh-
nesy, Andrew Winner, John W. Warr, Thomas Kenaly.

EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.

This was a three-years regiment ; the first four
companies being raised as the "Governor's Guards"
in July, 1863, and the others a year later. It was
kept almost all the time of its service guarding rebel
prisoners at Camp Chase, and though always ready
was never engaged with the enemy. It was mustered
out in July, 1865.

MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

COMPANY C.

Wolcott F. Crane, enl. July 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 3,

1865.
Andrew McGregor, enl. June 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
Willis P. Storrs, enl. July 1-3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.

COMPANY H.

John H. Ii-win, enl. July 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out

with the Co. July 3, 1865.
Charles A . Jaycox, enl June23, 1S63. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Johnson, enl. July 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co.
George W. Welton, enl. July 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 3,

1365.

NINETY-THIRD INF.VNTRY.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Martin L. Brooks, enr. as Asst. Surg. April 3, 1865. Mustered out with
the Reg. June 8, 1865.

128

GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

CHAPTER XXVI.

ONE HUNDHED AND THIKD HfFABTTEY, ETC.*

The Rally in 1863— Ten Companies Ready for the Field— Six of them
from Cuyahoga— First Officers of the One Hundred and Third— Oft
for Kentucky— After Buell— Sickness— The Stay at Frankfort— South-
ward in the Spring— On the Cumberland— With Burnside to East Ten-
nesee— Terrible Roads— Great Hardships— Delight of the Loyal Ten-
nesseeans— Special Enthusiasm at Greenville— Up the Tennessee Val-
ley—Skirmishes atBlueSprings- Marchesand Countermarches— Con -
centrating at Knoxville— Longstreet beseiges the City — Attack on the
Kckets— A Desperate Fight— Gallantry of the One Hundred and Third
—The Rebels repulsed— Increasing Hardships— Sleeveless Blouses and
Legless Pantaloons— A Dollar for a "Hard Tack "-Approach of Suc-
cor—Retreat of the Enemy— Pursuit — The Acme of Wretchedness-
Back to Knoxville— Food and Clothes— More Marching— The Atlanta
Campaign— Resaoa— Charging Breastworks— Lying down under Fire
— " Charge Bayonet'' — Carrying Two Lines of Works — The Next Day's
Battle— Retreat of the Enemy— Pumpkin-vine Creek — " Forward "--
A Wretched Sight— The Rebels retreat— Heavy Skirmishing— A Dash-
ing Exploit— Before Atlanta— Evacuation of Atlanta— Rest at Decatur
—Heavy Losses— Made Headquarters Guard— After Hood— Defending
the Train at Spring Fill— Defeating the Enemy— A Flag from Cleve-
land Ladies— A Long Journey— Arrival in North Carolina— Capture of
Wilmington, etc— Off for Home— A Sad Accident— Ovation at Cleve-
land-Mustered Out— Members from Cuyahoga County--Men of the
One Hundred and Fourth.

After the disasters of the Peninsular campaign in
June, 1862, and the consequent call of the President
for three hundred thousand more men, it is well
known that, notwithstanding the many severe drains
which the North had had to bear, its sons a^ain ral-
lied with undaunted fortitude in defense of their
country. Cuvahoga, Lorain and Medina counties had
done their full share in sendinar out the one hundred
and twenty thousand men which already represented
Ohio in the field, but when recruiting offices were
opened in them for a new regiment, the farmers, me-
chanics, clerks and professional men of these counties
promptly responded, and by the middle of July ten
companies with full ranks were in the camp of ren-
dezvous at Cleveland.

Of these, six companies. A, B, C, D, E. and G.
were principally from Cuyahoga county. During the
war Cuyahoga county was represented in Company
A by eighty-one members; in Company B by eighty-
two members; in Company C by seventy-two; in Com-
pany D by ninety-three; in Company E by eighty-nine:
and in Company G by eighty-four. These, with five
in Company H and fourteen in Company I. made a
total of five hundred and twenty men from Cuyahoga
county in the regiment during its term of service.
Nine-tenths of these were recruited during the months
of July and August, 1862.

In the latter part of August the ten companies
were organized into a regiment under the name of the
One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry, with John S.
Casement, of Painesville, as colonel ; James T. Ster-
ling, of Cleveland, as lieutenant-colonel, and Dewitt
C. Howard, as major. On the 3rd of September the
new regiment set out for Cincinnati, and after a brief
stay at Covington, on the opposite side of the river,
made its first march, on the 6th of September, to
Fort Mitchell, three miles from the latter city. On
the eighth of September the regiment was duly mus-

*Prineipally f rom Col. P. C. Hayes' "Journal-History" of the Resi
ment. ^

tered into the United States service; there being then
nine hundred and seventy-two officers and men in its
ranks.

On the 18th of September the One Hundred and
Third, having been united with Buell's army, started
in pursuit of the retreating forces of Bragg. The
next day it was placed in the advance and took its first
lesson in skirmishing. At Snow's Pond, where the
regiment camped during the latter part of September
and the forepart of October, the men suffered much
from sickness, caused by the stagnant water they
were obliged to use, nearly half the regiment being
sick at once, though fortunately few cases were fatal.
On the 6th the One Hundred and Third moved for-
ward as a part of the brigade of General Quincy A.
Gilmore, but was soon separated from it and ordered
to Frankfort, the capital of Kentucky. It remained
there five months (except diu-ing a trip of a few days
to Louisville), a period which is described as very
comfortably spent, and as being fruitful of the most
pleasant relations with the citizens of that ancient
Kentucky city.

On the 5th of April, 1863, the One Hundred and
Third moved southward, becoming part of the force
of Gen. S. P. Carter, operating against the rebel Gen-
eral Pegram. After considerable skirmishing at vari-
ous points, the rebels attempted to make a stand at
Monticello, beyond the. Cumberland river but were
easily defeated by the Union cavalry, before the in-
fantry could come up. The command, however, was
ordered back to the Cumberland river, which ^¥as
made the southern line of defense by the Union
forces. After a few weeks spent on the north bank
of the river, and some very severe marching in the
forepart of July, nearly all the rebels having been
driven out of Kentucky, a large body of Union troops
was concentrated at Danville and organized into the
Twenty-third army corps, under Major General
Hartsuff, for the purpose of marching to the relief of
the Unionists of East Tennessee. On the 17th of
August General Burnside took the chief command,
and on the next day the army, numbering about
twenty thousand men, set out on its way.

The march over the mountains was one of extraor-
dinary severity. Southern roads, as all soldiers of
the late war well know, are of the most detestable
description, and Southern mountain roads are per-
fectly abominable— resembling cow-paths, in- which
there have been no cows for twenty years. The men
were obliged not only to carry their knapsacks, guns,
cartridge-boxes, canteens and haversacks along these
wretched trails, but to build bridges, lay corduroy
roads, and help along the artillery and wagons, day
after day and night after night, and all on half ra-
tions, or even less.

Still, however, they struggled on, with extraordi-
nary patience under the circumstances, passing Crab
Orchard, Burnside's Point, Emery's Iron Works, etc.,
to Concord in East Tennessee. The enemy fled be-
fore them, and after reaching Tennessee the labors of

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY, ETC.

129

the troops were less severe. The loyal Tennesseeans
•were wild with delight at the appearance of the old
flag and its defenders. Every little village was pro-
fusely decorated with the long-concealed National
flags, while the people — men, women and children —
thronged in crowds along the line of march to wel-
come and to Mess the soldiers of the Union. After
taking possession of Knoxville, the principal place in
East Tennessee, on the 1st of September, the Virginia
and Tennessee railroad was utilized by the troops; the
One Hundred and Third and other regiments going
by rail up the valley a short distance northeast of
Greenville.

At the latter place the enthusiasm reached its cli-
max. All the people for miles around flocked to the
depot, and nearly every one brought a basket of re-
freshments— pies, cakes, meats, etc., — for the benefit
of the men who had come to protect them from rebel
rule. Not only were the soldiers in a body greeted
with the wildest cheers as they arrived, but hundreds
of individuals were seized, shaken by the hand,
blessed and wept over by the excited inhabit-an,ts.
And this was only a more striking example of what
was felt and expressed thi'oughout East Tennessee by
the persecuted, plundered Unionists of that devoted
region.

After several marches and countermarches in the
vicinity of Greenville, the command moved up the
valley, in the latter part of September, to Johnson's
station and the Watauga river. After some skirmish-
ing the enemy retired, and the command moved back
to Greenville, and thence to Bull's Gap. On the 9th
of October an advance was made to Blue Springs,
where the rebels were met and companies A and D of
the One Hundred and Third were sent forward as
skirmishers. They came upon a large force of the
enemy which charged and drove them back; killing,
wounding and capturing a considerable number.
Other companies of the regiment were sent to the relief
of those mentioned, but Gen. Burnside was not yet
ready for a general engagement, and the whole com-
mand was soon ordered back to Bull's Gap.

Ere long, however, he was ready, and on the
eleventh of October he ordered a general advance. A
smart engagement took place at Blue Springs, and
the One Hundred and Third lay on their arms all
night expecting a battle. The enemy, however, fled
under cover of the darkness. Numerous other marches,
. forward, backward and sideways, were made in the
dismal autumn weather, but they were not of sufficient
importance to be recorded here. Early in November
all the Union forces in East Tennessee were concen-
trated at Knoxville, to repel a threatened attack by
Gen. Longstreet. The One Hundred and Third
reached that city on the fourth. About the fifteenth
Longstreet appeared and sat down before the place
with the evident intention of capturing it; at the same
time, by means of his numerous cavalry, cutting off
all communication between the Union forces and
their comrades in other localities.

He pushed his advance close to the Union picket
line, and a constant firing between the two sides was
the natural result. Numerous fortifications were
built by the rebels to facilitate the siege, and the
Unionists responded with equal zeal, until every hill
ai-ound Knoxville was seamed with breastworks and
bristled with cannon.

On the morning of the 25th of November Gen-
eral Longstreet sent forward a division of his best
troops to attempt a surprise of the pickets while being
relieved, to be followed by an assault upon the breast-
works. A hostile movement of some kind was ex-
pected, and six companies of the One Hundred and
Third were ordered out to relieve the two which had
previously been considered sufficient. There was
some accidental delay, and the relief did not reach
the post until about one o'clock in the afternoon.
Just as the six companies were being stationed, the
enemy charged with a yell and a volley.

As this was the first time the regiment had been in
a serious fight, it was very natural there should be
some wavering. The men quickly recovered, how-
ever, and volley after volley, closely aimed, soon tes-
tified to the coolness and courage of the sons of
northern Ohio. Heavy firing ensued on both sides
for about an hour and a half. The One Hundred and
Third was assisted by the pickets of the Twenty-
fourth Kentucky and the Sixty-fifth Illinois, and at
length, by the whole strength of those regiments.
The struggle grew hotter, but finally the rebels were
seen to waver, when the Union commanders gave the
spirit-stii-ring order " charge bayonets," and with a
thundering cheer the whole line went forward at full
speed. Before they could be reached, the sons of
chivalry broke and fled to their works on a neighbor-
ing hill, leaving their dead and wounded on the field.
Our men then resumed their old position.

This was known as the battle of Armstrong Hill,
and was the first severe conflict of the One Hundred
and Third Ohio. The companies engaged had about
thirty-flve men killed and wounded.

The siege continued, and its hardships speedily
increased. Overcoats and superfluous clothing had
all been thrown away during the toilsome marches of
summer, the blouses and pantaloons with which the
men had started from Kentucky had been worn out,
the broken communications had prevented the issue
of new articles, and in many cases, while the cold had
rapiflly become more severe, the men were reduced to
shirts and drawers, with the addition of blouses with-
out sleeves, and with pantaloons with no legs below
the knees.

Rations, too, which had been of only half the regu-
lar amount since the command entered Tennessee,
were now reduced to a quarter size, or even less, and
the men were on the verge of starvation. They reme-
died this to some extent, however, by excursions after
corn up the French Broad river, a section which Long-
street had been unable to invest. Even this resource
was exhausted in time, and hunger became the daily

130

GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY.

companion of all the infantry of the command.. Those
who had money could occasionally jjurchase food, fre-
quently giving from half a dollar to a dollar for a sin-
gle army-cracker, commonly known as a "hard tack,"
and from a quarter to half a dollar for an ear of corn.
Those who had no money did the best they could on
their quarter rations.

Fortunately the time of the worst suflferiug was not
of long duration. The victory of Mission Ridge
warned Longstreet that he could only gain Knoxville
by a desperate venture, and the defeat of his attack
on Fort Saunders showed him that the venture had
failed. On the 4th of December six regiments of
Union cavalry evaded the enemy and rode into Knox-
ville, bringing news that the victors of Grant's army
were on their way to the ]-elief of the beleaguered city.
Longstreet, too, heard the news, abandoned the hope-
less task and retreated up the valley of the Tennessee
toward Virginia. Deep was the joy and wild were the
cheers when the defenders of Knoxville learned that
the enemy had fled, and that they were once more
free.

The command was soon ordered to pursue the
enemy, and did so, though in very wretched circum-
stances as to clothes and rations. The men had been
paid ofi, but supplies could not yet be furnished.
Teriible indeed were the marches to and fro in the
valley of the Tennessee, and the cold and rainy New
Year's day of 1864 was long remembered by the half-
clad, half-fed, tentless soldiers as the very acme of
wretchedness. At length, on the 17th of January,
Longstreet started to retreat out of the State from
Dandridge, and the Unionists, deceived by his ma-
neuvers, also beat a hasty and most dismal retreat to
Knoxville. Here they were furnished with ample
supplies, for the first time in over six months, and
were allowed a month to rest.

During March and April there was more marching
up and down the Tennessee valley, with few or no
results, but in the latter part of the last named month
the Twenty-third corps was concentrated at Charles-
ton under General Schofield; the One Hundred and
Third being in the second brigade of the third divis-
ion of that corps. On the 3d of May the whole army
set forth on Sherman's grand campaign against At-
lanta.

On the 13th of May, the Twenty-third corps came
in front of Easaca, which Gen. Johnson had strongly
fortified to resist the advance of Sherman. The next
day, after various maneuvers, the Twenty-third corps
was brought, about noon, in front of the rebel works.
An open field, nearly a mile across, lay spread before
the eyes of the Union soldiers, through which ran a
small creek. On the high bank on the farther side of
this stream lay the rebel infantry, ensconced behind
three lines of formidable breastworks, while a large
number of cannon were massed on a small elevation,
well situated for giving full sweep to their grape and
canister.

Soon after taking their position the Second and

Third d

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Full text of "History of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. With portraits and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers"

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